• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.17-29
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• 2009

Due to rapid economic growth and accelerated urbanization, numerous cities in China have been turning into huge consumption markets almost simultaneously, and thus, the Chinese apparel markets being globalized are most vigorous in the world, attracting attention from the world apparel industries. If the Korean apparel businesses should develop the products befitting the conditions of the Chinese apparel markets and reflecting her consumers' fashion trends and needs, their apparels would be satisfactory enough to Chinese consumers, being competitive in the Chinese markets. In this sense, today's Chinese apparel markets may well provide the Korean apparel businesses with both crisis and opportunity. As one of the methods to enhance Chinese consumers' satisfaction with the Korean apparels, the Korean apparel businesses should consider seriously about the apparel fitting or a factor determining apparel silhouettes and sense of wearing. Since Chinese consumers differ widely in terms of body types and measurements depending on regions due to the vast territory, differentiation of the apparel fitting is more important than any other single factor, and thus, correct information about apparel fitting may well be directly related with manufacturing of excellent apparels. The purpose of this study is to comparatively analyze the upper body measurements and types of the Chinese and Korean women in their 20's to provide the Korean apparel business engaged in Chinese markets with some basic data about apparel fitting conducive to their development of effective apparel commodities. For this purpose, Chinese women in their 20's living in China's two major cities leading China's women's apparel markets were sampled.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.301-314
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• 2017

This study focused on the movement adaptability of $19^{th}$ century classical opera stage costumes. Researchers focused on a basic $19^{th}$ century women's jacket. The study analyzed movement adaptability using ROM (range-of-motion) tests of the upper limb flexion and abduction postures. It developed two research garments to mimic basic $19^{th}$ century style jackets with or without gussets at the axilla. The ROM experiment identified the gusset size as 11cm in length. Experimental postures included upper limb flexion and abduction. The study measured subjective comfort at 8 postures. These postures included the flexion and abduction of the arms and torso. Subjects also evaluated the subjective comfort of the rotation posture of the torso. Researchers evaluated the similarities between research garments' silhouettes and the $19^{th}$ century women's jacket. The study used a 3D virtual fitting system to evaluate fit, and specialists further analyzed fit with photographs and 3D virtual graphics. The results are as follows. The silhouettes of both research garments were similar to the silhouettes of the $19^{th}$ century western women's jacket. The jacket with axilla gusset had a better fit than the basic style jacket. The basic style jacket without the axilla gusset showed limited movement adaptability at the shoulder joint and it caused discomfort at the axilla and elbow. The 3D virtual fit test was not a suitable method for analyzing silhouette similarity.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.15-20
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• 2016

When a virtual sound source for 3D auditory system is reproduced by a linear loudspeaker array, listeners can perceive not only the direction of the source, but also its distance. Control over perceived distance has often been implemented via the adjustment of various acoustic parameters, such as loudness, spectrum change, and the direct-to-reverberant energy ratio; however, there is a neglected yet powerful cue to the distance of a nearby virtual sound source that can be manipulated for sources that are positioned away from the listener's median plane. This paper address the problem of generating binaural signals for moving sources in closed or in open environments. The proposed perceptual enhancement algorithm composed of three main parts is developed: propagation, reverberation and the effect of the head, torso and pinna. For propagation the effect of attenuation due to distance and molecular air-absorption is considered. Related to the interaction of sounds with the environment, especially in closed environments is reverberation. The effects of the head, torso and pinna on signals that arrive at the listener are also objectives of the consideration. The set of HRTF that have been used to simulate the virtual sound source environment for 3D auditory system. Special attention has been given to the modelling and interpolation of HRTFs for the generation of new transfer functions and definition of trajectories, definition of closed environment, etc. also be considered for their inclusion in the program to achieve realistic binaural renderings. The evaluation is implemented in MATLAB.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.65 no.2
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• pp.157-175
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• 2015

The study was aimed to develop a torso-type dress form representing body features of the female fashion models in Korea. To fulfill this purpose, 5 female fashion models aged between 20 and 26 having the average body measurements of professional fashion models in Korea were selected and their 3-D whole body scanned data were analysed. The 3-D whole body scanning method enabled to generate a virtual female fashion model within the CAD system by measuring the subjects' body shapes and sizes. In addition, the virtual model's body data led the development of a standard female fashion model dress form for the efficient fashion show preparation. In order to manufacture the real dress form for female fashion models, 3-D printing technology was adopted. The consequent results are as follows: (1) the body measurements (unit: cm) of the developed dress form were: biacromion length, 36.0, bust point to bust point, 16.6, front/back interscye lengths, 32.0/33.0, neck point to breast point, 26.0, neck point to breast point to waist line, 41.5, waist front/back lengths, 34.5/38.5, waist to hip length, 24.0, bust circumference, 85.0, underbust circumference, 75.0, waist circumference, 65.0, hip circumference, 92.0. (2) the body measurements differences between the developed and existing dress forms were highlighted with the body measurements of neck point to breast point and waist to hip length. (3) the body shape features of the developed dress form showed that bust, shoulder blade, shoulder slope, abdomen and back waist line to hip line parts were more realistically manufactured.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.37-42
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• 2014

The objective of this study is the frequency of the noise source 170 dB level of impulsive sound attenuation performance by earplugs to identify, to analyze the frequency characteristics of a shape and pattern. The attenuation performance of the impulsive noise by the frequency levels on the Combat Arm and 3M Form types 1100 Earplugs were evaluated. In order to check the sound attenuation performance of the B&K head and torso simulator and sound attenuation performance of the ear simulator data was verified. Previous studies have most impact, even in the noise source and the impulse noise level is 140 dB, but this study is higher than that of the impulsive noise source features. The results of the impulse noise attenuation effect is frequency-dependent mean 28.58 dB.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.176-190
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• 2011

Today's young generation in digital era has a rich education environment and convenient life, on the other hand, there was negative impact on growth as normal body type because of adverse impact on an excessive study and insufficient exercise, etc. Also, for these people in IT culture generation, using small mobile including computer for long time is becoming main issue as changing factor in posture and body type in terms of spine like their neck disc. This body-typed characteristic reaches to normal adult body type in the process of physical development of adult woman and has least modification in body type. Therefore, despite of early young generation, body suitability of upper body clothes might caused imbalance. So, for intended to early 20s women, to design clothes with consideration on imbalance of body type by bended and curved spine, body type studies about size of upper body and forms are needed. As this researcher measured the body type of early 20s college women in metropolitan area, changes in body type of young generation with use of digital equipment recently were recognized since straight body type was decreased unequally and had characteristic in terms of changes to be bended body type. The changes of these body type should be considered to make clothes. Also, since there are some restrictions on this research objects in terms of local and numbers of measured objects, a broad interpretation of result on this research should be really careful.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.199-206
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• 2016

Most Koreans walk having their toes in or out, because of their sedentary lifestyles. In addition, using smartphone while walking makes having a desirable walking posture even more difficult. The goal of this study is to make a simple system which easily analyze and inform any person his or her personal walking habit. To discriminate gait patterns, we developed a gait monitoring system using a 3-axis accelerometer and a foot pressure monitoring system. The developed system, with an accelerometer and a few pressure sensors, can acquire subject's foot pressure and how tilted his or her torso is. We analyzed the relationship between type of gate and sensor data using this information. As the result of analysis, we could find out that statistical parameters like standard deviation and root mean square are good for discriminating among torso postures, and k-nearest neighbor algorithm is good at clustering gait patterns. The developed system is expected to be applicable to medical or athletic fields at a low price.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.29-40
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to investigate body cathexis and clothing involvement by demographic characteristics and to indentify the relationship between body cathexis and clothing involvment. Five aspects of body cathexis(lower body, head/upper body, height, weight, torso) were assessed with 17 Likert type questionnaires adapted from the previous researches, and 24 items of clothing involvement were measured. The questionnaire was administered to 430 women in Taegu, Korea. The data were analyzed using percentage, frequency, factor analysis, ANOVA, Sceffe test, t-test, and Pearson's Correlation Analysis. The results of the study were as follows; 1. The body cathexis showed head/upper body, height, torso, lower body, weight in order of satisfaction level. Especially lower body and weight part were shown as the most unsatisfactory body parts. Age of 20s' showed the lowest body cathexis, and those who had the higher educational background and family income were more satisfied with their bodies. 2. Five dimensions of clothing involvement were derived by factor analysis such as fashion, interest, pleasure, symbolism, and perceived buying risk. 3. There were significant relationships between clothing involvement dimensions and demographic characteristics such as age, educational background and family income level. Those who were younger showed positive relationship partially among fashion, interest and pleasure of clothing dimensions but showed negative relationship in total clothing involvement. Those who had higher educational background and family income showed positive clothing involvement than married women and empolyed showed higher clothing involvement with symbolism and perceived buying risk than unemployed women partially but not in total clothing involvement with symbolism and perceived buying risk than unemployed women partially but not in total clothing involvement. 4. There were significant relationships between body cathexis and interest, perceived buying risk of clothing involvement partially. However, the correlation between body cathexis and total clothing involvement was relatively low.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.71-79
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• 2019

Body surface potential map, an electric potential distribution on the body torso surface, enables us to infer the electrical activities of the heart. Therefore, observing electric potential projected to the torso surface can be highly useful for diagnosing heart diseases such as coronary occlusion. The BSPM for the heart of a patient show a higher level of sensitivity than 12-lead ECG. Relevant research has been mostly based on clinical statistics obtained from patients, and, therefore, a simulation for a variety of pathological phenomena of the heart is required. In this study, by using computer simulation, a body surface potential map was implemented according to various occlusion locations (distal, mid, proximal occlusion) in the left anterior descending coronary artery. Electrophysiological characteristics of the body surface during the ST segment period were observed and analyzed based on an ST isointegral map. We developed an integrated system that takes into account the cellular to organ levels, and performed simulation regarding the electrophysiological phenomena of the heart that occur during the first 5 minutes (stage 1) and 10 minutes (stage 2) after commencement of coronary occlusion. Subsequently, we calculated the bipolar angle and amplitude of the ST isointegral map, and observed the correlation between the relevant characteristics and the location of coronary occlusion. In the result, in the ventricle model during the stage 1, a wider area of ischemia led to counterclockwise rotation of the bipolar angle; and, during the stage 2, the amplitude increased when the ischemia area exceeded a certain size.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.451-459
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• 2022

This study aimed to develop a a custom-made dress form for draping using a live model's 3D body scan obtained from an entry-level 3D handheld scanners, 3D modeling software and 3D printing technology. A female subject was recruited whose body size fell under the normal (N) body shape criteria suggested by KS K 0051. First, the handheld scanner reduced the length of the legs in scanning, but most of the scanning operations between the neck and crotch levels were conducted accurately. Therefore, this study was designed to develop a torso dress form. The full body 3D scan was edited into a torso shape using ZBrush® software. Using Rhinoceros^® and Materialise's Magics software, a 3D body scan was modeled so that the user could fit two types of mannequin stands (one with a neck fixation from above and one with an insert from below) to the dress form. The body scan was divided into 9 pieces to fit the printable size of the Stratasys 3D printer Fortus 250mc, and the cross-sectional distance from the center to the periphery was downsized by 2 mm. After outputting the dress form scan file with a 3D printer, the dress form was manufactured by the first covering it with a 4 oz nonwoven pad and the second covering with a single jersey material.