• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.151-156
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• 1987

본 증례는 Angle씨(氏) 2급 2류 부정교합 환자로서 Bioprogressive Mechanism을 적용시켜 양호한 결과를 얻었기에 이에 보고하는 바이며 치료결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 주소인 상하악 전치부 crowding을 해소하였다. 2) 구치부 관계는 Angle씨(氏) classII에서 classI으로 개선되었다. 3) Overbite와 overjet를 기능적으로 해소시킴과 동시에 전치부 torque control에 의한 만족스러운 치축경사도로 개선시켰다.(Photo.5) 4) 치료기간은 1년 11개월이 소모되었다.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기기기및에너지변환시스템부문B
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• 제54권11호
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• pp.511-518
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• 2005

This paper presents the design and drive characteristics of a switched reluctance motor for an electric power pallet vehicle. The designed switched reluctance motor is redesigned by using the finite element analysis(FEA) as a variation of the pole-arc angle for the purpose of an electric power pallet vehicle performance. The output power and torque characteristics of a switched reluctance motor are variable by switching angles of the commutator. Therefor this paper is studied about relationship between the output power and torque characteristics of a switched reluctance motor according to switching angles. The output power of the characteristic point of an electric power pallet vehicle has been shown by experiment. The designed motor drive system operates with the low voltage and high current with using the battery. The core and frame temperatures were described. In this paper, the designed motor is shown better drive characteristics than the DC motor from the rated to maximum, which is verified by the finite element analysis and experimental results.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2011년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.947-948
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• 2011

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.65-70
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• 2019

Self-loosening of bolts owing to external forces occurs in several machines that are clamped by bolts and nuts. This study focuses on the self-loosening of the aiming bolt of the head lamp in a vehicle. It is important to prevent the aiming bolt from self-loosening as it has a decisive effect on the angle of the head lamp. A nut clamped with a bolt, known as a retainer, is made of plastic and has a partial screw thread. In addition, a transverse load has a considerable impact on the self-loosening of a bolt. We concentrate on the self-loosening of a bolt by a transverse load. The aim of this study is to define the limits of the external force that loosen the bolt. Based on the above conditions, we derive a theoretical equation and develop a numerical analysis program that can calculate the limiting forces for self-loosening. To verify the developed program, we design a test device that can measure the self-loosening by applying sliding forces to the aiming bolt. Using this method, we can draw the following conclusions. First, the developed testing device is suitable to prove the theory for calculating the self-loosening force. Second, the equation confirms the relationship of bolt self-loosening between resistance torque and shear force. Finally, the equation obtains the minimum value of the resistance torque required to decrease the change in the angle of the head lamp, thereby improving the possibility of increasing the stability of the head lamp.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.1-23
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• 1979

The use of barley seeder attached to rotary tiller in the rural area has a significant meaning not only for the solution of labor peak season, but also for the increase of land utilization efficiency. The facts that presently being used barley seeders are all based on the mechanical principles of the reverse rotation, center drive and are all using forward rotating tine, which is used to be easily and heavily worn out when it rotates reversely, raise problem of recommending them to rural area in Korea. Therefore, the main objective of the study was to develop new type of rotary tine attachable to barley seeders. To attain the objective the following approaches were applied. (1) The kinematic analysis of reverse rotating barley seeders. (2) The studies on the soil bin and artificial soil. (3) The comparative experiment on the power requirement of prototype tine. The results obtained from the studies are summarized as follow: 1. The kinematic analysis of barley seeder attached to rotary tiller: The following results were obtained from the kinematic analysis for deriving general formulae of the motion and velocity characterizing the rotary tine of barley seeders presently being used by farmers. a) The position vector (P) of edge point (P) in the rotary tine of reverse rotating, center drive was obtained by the following formula. $$P=(vt+Rcos wt)i+Rsin wt j+ \{ Rcos \theta r sin \alpha cos (wt- \beta +\theta r) +Rsin \theta r sin \alpha sin (wt-\beta + \theta r) \} lk $$ b) The velocity of edge point $(P^')$ of reverse rotating, center drive rotary tine was obtained by the following formula. $$(P^')=(V-wR sin wt)i+(w\cdot Rcoswt)j + \{ -w\cdot Rcos \theta r\cdot sin \alpha \cdot sin (wt-\beta +\theta r) + w\cdot Rsin \theta r\cdot sin \alpha \cdot cos (wt- \beta + \theta r \} k $$ c) In order to reduce the power requirement of rotary tine, the angle between holder and edge point was desired to be reduced. d) In order to reduce the power requirement, the edge point of rotary tine should be moved from the angle at the begining of cutting to center line of machine, and the additional cutting width should be also reduced. 2. The studies on the soil bin and artificial soil: In order to measure the power requirement of various cutting tines under the same physical condition of soil, the indoor experiments Viere conducted by filling soil bin with artificially made soil similar to the common paddy soil and the results were as follows: a) When the rolling frequencies$(x)$ of the artificial soil were increased, the densIty$(Y)$ was also increased as follows: $$y=1.073200 +0.070780x - 0.002263x^2 (g/cm^3)$$ b) The absolute hardness $(Y)$ of soil had following relationship with the rolling frequencies$(x)$ and were increased as the rolling frequencies were increased. $$Y=37.74 - \frac {0.64 + 0.17x-0. 0054x^2} {(3.36-0.17x + 0.0054x^2)^3} (kg/cm^3)$$ c) The density of soil had significant effect on the cohesion and angle of internal friction of soil. For instance, the soil with density of 1.6 to 1.75 had equivalent density of sandy loam soil with 29.5% of natural soil moisture content. d) The coefficient of kinetiic friction of iron plate on artificial soil was 0.31 to 0.41 and was comparable with that of the natural soil. e) When the pulling speed of soil bin was the 2nd forward speed of power tiller, the rpm of driving shaft of rotary was similar to that of power tiller, soil bin apparatus is indicating the good indoor tester. 3. The comparative experiment on the power requirement of prototype tine of reverse rotating rotary: According to the preliminary test of rotary tine developed with various degrees of angle between holder and edge pcint due to the kinematic analysis, comparative test between prototype rotary tine with $30 ^\circ $ and $10 ^\circ$ of it and presently being used rotary tine was carried out 2nd the results were as follows: a) The total cutting torque was low when the angle between holder and edge point was reduced. b) $\theta r$ (angle between holder and edge point) of rotary tine seemed to be one: of the factors maximizing the increase of torque. c) As the angle between holder and edge point ($\theta r$) of rotary tine was $30 ^\circ $ rather than $45 ^\circ $, the angle of rotation during cutting soil was reduced and the total cutting torque was accordingly reduced about 10%, and the reduction efficiency of total cutting torque was low when the angle between holder and edge point ($\theta r$) of rotary tine was $10 ^\circ $, which indicates that the proper angle between holder and edge point of rotary tine should be larger than $10 ^\circ $ and smaller than $30 ^\circ $ . From above results, it could be concluded that the use of the prototype rotary tine which reduced the angle between holder and edge point to $30 ^\circ $, insted of $45 ^\circ $, is disirable not only decreasing the power requirements, but also increasing the durabie hour of it. Also forward researches are needed, WIlich determine the optimum tilted angle of rotary brocket, and rearrangement of the rotary tine on the rotary boss.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.170-176
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• 2008

Anti roll bar model for real time multibody vehicle dynamics model has been proposed using kinematic constraint. Anti roll bar have been modeled by kinematic relationship, and mass properties are neglected. Relative angle of torsion bar spring is computed by constraint about drop-link using Newton-Raphson iteration, and then the torque of torsion bar spring can be computed with the angle and torsion spring stiffness. Finally anti roll bar force acting on both knuckle can be calculated. To validate the proposed method, half car simulations of McPherson strut suspension and full car simulations are also carried out comparing with the ADAMS vehicle model with anti roll bar. CPU times are also measured to see the real-time capabilities of the proposed method.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2002

국부적 근 피로는 근전도 신호의 저주파역으로의 천이, 특히 중앙주파수의 감소로 특징된다. 여러 운동각도(0$^{\circ}$, 12$^{\circ}$, 36$^{\circ}$, 72$^{\circ}$)에서 등척성 요추신전운동을 수행하는 동안 근 피로에 따른 근전도 신호의 중앙주파수와 토크의 특성을 살펴보고자 총 20명 (평균 연령 24.35$\pm$2.70세)의 건강i한 피검자를 대상으로 본 실험연구를 수행하였다. 근전도 신호로부터 FFT를 사용하여 중앙주파수를 추출하였으며 선형회귀분석을 통해서 시간에 따른 초기중앙주파수의 초기값과 기울기를 계산하였다. 중앙주파수의 기울기와 토크의 기울기에 대한 상관관계를 정량화하기 위해서 피어슨 상관계수를 적용하였다 중앙주파수의 기울기(p〈0.656)나 v-절편(p〈0.609), 피로지수(p〈0.555)에서는 요추의 각도 타이에 영향을 받지 않아 유의한 차이가 없었으며. 토크의 기울기. 피로지수 역시 유의한 차이가 없었으나, 토크의 ｙ-절편에서는 차이(p〈0.04)가 나타나서, 근육의 길이 증가와 자세변화가 토크에 영향을 미침을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 개인간의 중앙주파수와 토크의 기울기에는 상관관계가 낮았으나, 개인 내에서 중앙주파수와 토크의 시계열 변화에는 유의한 상관관계(0.682)가 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.463-470
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• 2016

베인 전단시험은 흙의 교란을 최소화하면서 점성토의 비배수전단강도를 측정하는 간단한 시험이다. 하지만, 본 논문에서는 베인 전단시험기를 이용하여 모래의 배수전단강도를 측정하기 위한 연구를 수행하였다. 건조한 낙동강모래를 원통형 셀에 느슨하거나 조밀한 상태로 재성형한 다음 상부에서 공기압 실린더로 상재하중(overburden pressure)을 25, 50, 75 또는 100kPa 가한 다음 베인(직경 5cm, 높이 10cm)을 회전시켜 회전 모멘트인 최대 토크를 구하였다. 베인 회전 모멘트와 모래 입자의 마찰 저항 모멘트가 평형을 이룬다는 조건을 이용하여 모래의 마찰각을 구하였다. 점토의 경우에는 베인 전단 시 원통형의 회전체 상하면과 주면에 균일한 비배수전단강도인 점착력이 작용한다고 가정하지만, 사질토를 사용한 본 연구에서는 베인 날 주면에서 형성되는 파괴면을 원기둥, 팔각기둥 또는 사각기둥 형태로 가정하여 각각에 대한 마찰각을 계산하였다. 한편, 본 연구에서 제안한 방법을 검증하기 위해 동일한 모래로 직접전단시험을 실시하여 마찰각을 구하였다. 베인 전단시험으로부터 구한 마찰각은 가정한 파괴면의 형태에 따라 느슨한 모래의 경우 24-42도, 조밀한 모래는 33-53도 사이이며, 직접전단시험 결과는 이 범위 내에 속하였다.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기기기및에너지변환시스템부문B
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• 제51권8호
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• pp.434-440
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• 2002

Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) has been not commonly used because of the severe noise and vibration, although it has many advantages as solidity and economical efficiency. The origin of the acoustic noise and vibration in SRM's can be broadly classified into two types, mechanical and magnetic. Therefore this paper verifies the origin of vibration induced by radial magnetic forces from various experiments, and then studies the relationship between the output and vibration characteristics of SRM according to switch-on and off angles. Acceleration, torque and efficiency is measured by changing switching angles. From the comparison and analysis of the experimental results, a proper switching angle is presented for both satisfying electric performance and reducing vibration.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2010

Purpose: Stretching exercises are commonly used in conjunction with sports and rehabilitation. Weassessed the immediate effects of stretching on passive stiffness of the hamstring muscles and knee range of motion (ROM) using three stretching techniques. Methods: A total of 45 participants were recruited. Isokinetic equipment was used to measure the passive stiffness of hamstring muscles and an inclinometer was used to measure active and passive ROM of the knee joint pre and post stretching. Stiffness was then calculated based on the incline of the torque-angle relationship. The test conditions for Group I were $3{\times}30$ seconds of static stretches using the hamstring muscle, Group II were $3{\times}30$ seconds of static stretches using the hamstring muscle with ankle dorsiflexion, and Group IIII had $3{\times}30$ seconds of active stretching. Results: Group II had significantly higher excursion of active ROM and Group IIIhad significantly higher excursion of passive muscle stiffness. All of the groups had significantly higher active and passive ROM and significantly lower muscle stiffness after stretching. The participants showed no change in hamstring muscle stiffness on the following day. Conclusion: Stretching has significant acute effects on ROM and muscle stiffness and canbe used in warm-up protocols for reducing muscle stiffness before a variety of exercise programs.