• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.5 no.6
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• pp.699-712
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• 1996

For the efficient control of atmospheric quality, it is so important to predict the influence accurately of which the air pollutant emitted into the atmosphere. Atmospheric dispersion model enables to simulate and grasp the atmospheric condition occurred due to the emission of pollutants. The result of model is largely affected by the amount of emission, the characteristics of physical and chemical process, meteorological input data, and the receptor which the concentration is calculated. The aim of this research, therefore, is to suggest more suitable model in Pusan area than other areas by performing TCM2, CDM2.0 and ISCLT2 models. As the basic work for executing the model, we computed the amount of emission of air pollutants in Pusan at 1992 and analyzed the occurrence frequency of atmospheric stability for recent decade(1985~19941, CDM2.0 showed the similar result relatively with observed value in the case of full year(1992), fall and winter, and ISCLT2 brought more suitable result in spring for Pusan area. As the result of this research, in future, it is necessary for us to develop the numerical model considering the topographical characteristics, to select the proper observation site and to increase the observation site for Pusan.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.103-110
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• 2010

As ongoing construction of a new municipal government building leads to the destruction of the interior of the Kyungsung Municipal Government Building(currentlySeoul Metropolitan City Hall) despite its enormous historic value, this study aims to identify the unique features of spatial composition and interior design of the Kyungsung Municipal Government Building, which is widely known as a typical example of public architecture of the 1920s. The primary goal is to perform a systemic arrangement of its interior data and define the modern historic implications of its interior design, thereby laying the foundation for a compilation of the history of modern interior design. From a historical perspective, the Kyungsung Municipal Government Building-an explicit symbol of Japanese colonial supremacy-has served as the administrative hub of a hugecity for 19 years during the Japanese colonial rule and for 64 years following Korea's independence from Japan. From the perspective of architectural history, it also represents modern transitional buildingsin their shift from historicism into modernism, as manifested by its reasonable placement of interior space matching well with topographical form, easy access by citizens, open office space, and, excluding decoration, a simple and non-authoritarian exterior. Its interior design style follows Western historicist architecture, whereasits simple interior decoration embodies expressive characteristics of pragmatic simplicity. Such elements are notably found in the Grand Central Hall, the Municipal Head's Reception Room, and the Grand Conference Room.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.409-425
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• 2013

This study presents a prediction of a time-series of the area inundated by effluent from Heavenly Lake caused by ground behavior prior to a volcanic eruption. A GIS-based hydrological algorithm that considers the multi-flow direction of effluent, the absorption and storage capacity of the ground soil, the storage volume of the basin or the depression terrain, was developed. To analyze the propagation pattern, four hypothetical collapse zones on the cheonji ground were set, considering the topographical characteristics and distributions of volcanic rocks at Mt. Baekdu. The results indicate that at 3 hours after collapse, for both scenarios 1 and 2 (collapses of the entire/southern boundary of cheonji), a flood hazard exists for villages in China, but not for those on the North Korean side of the mountain, due to the topographical characteristics of Mt. Baekdu. It is predicted that villages in both North Korea and China would be significantly damaged by flood inundation at 3 hours elapsed time for both scenarios 3 and 4 (collapses on the southern boundary of cheonji and on the southeastern-peak area).

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.383-392
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• 2011

The basic research of the estuarine circulation at Gyeong-Gi bay has not been well studied up to now, although coastal development pressures have been continuously increased. To understand the oceanographic phenomena at the Han River estuary, it's essential to understand the propagation characteristic of tidal wave which is the strongest external forcing in this region. In this study, we investigate the tidal wave propagation characteristics along the 3 major channels using observation data and numerical model. It is found that 3 channels are all hyper-synchronous and the most important physical factor controlling the tidal wave propagation is topographical convergence of estuary shape and friction. The result of analytic solution at ideal channel considering the topographical convergence and friction show that the contribution of physical role of convergence and friction varies at 3 different channel. And the ratio of convergence and friction at Yeomha channel is four times larger than Seokmo channel. Because of this effect, the location of maximum amplitude at Yeomha channel is showed up downward than Seokmo channel. The ratio of decreasing amplitude and increasing phase per unit distance between stations is bigger than Seokmo channel. Although 3 major channel show a hyper-synchronous pattern, Yeomha shows more frictionally dominant channel and Seokmo channel is more dominantly affected by convergence effect.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.85 no.4
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• pp.565-570
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• 1996

The landslide survey in an area of about 10 ha was carried out in Hyuseok-dong. Youngchoon-myeon, Danyang-gun, Choongcheongbuk-do. The results showed that there were many indications on geographical changes, such as scars, depressions, upheavals, cracks and destructions of the construction features. The mean degree of slope of the study area was $28^{\circ}$. The results of surface displacement in this area showed that landslide mass is moving in the direction of SE~SEE, and horizontal and vertical movement rate of the center of moving mass was about 1.2m/year and 0.86m/year, respectively. It was estimated that the amount of the soil erosion in the cliff at the lower edge of this area was 0.823m due to the caving erosion by the Namhangang(River) from June through November, 1995.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.187-193
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• 2017

This study evaluated tidal stream energy resources according to tidal flow properties around Uido off the west coast of, Jeollanam-do, South Korea. A feasibility study was first carried out through the collection of bathymetry data and tidal phase information. For this simulation, a depth-averaged 2D ADCIRC (Advanced Circulation) model for real sea situations was applied to a Finite Element Method (FEM) approach for tides given the variation of tidal current speed. Hydrodynamics were simulated with 4 major tidal constituents (M2, S2, K1, and O1) after setting up 4 observation points. From the real depth-averaged model simulation results, it was found that the spring tide Higher High Water (HHW) and tidal current speed values at the 4 observation points were about 2.2 m and 1.33 m/s, respectively. The ADCIRC model results were analyzed with reference to the Korea Hydrographic and Oceanographic Agency's (KHOA) observed data for verification. Furthermore, using topographical characteristics via the Tidal Flux Method (TFM), tidal energy density distribution was calculated, indicating a maximum tidal energy density of about $1.75kW/m^2$ for the 5 assessment areas around Uido. The tidal energy density was evaluated with consideration given to topographical characteristics as well as tidal elevation and tidal current speed to determine an optimum tidal farm candidate.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.49-57
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• 2010

The topographical rolling distribution characteristics of 10 geological areas in Gyeongsangbuk-do are analyzed using GIS. PEs, PEgrgn, Pp₂, Kav·Kiv, and Khgr regions occupy the more than 60% that are a steep slope-a high elevation and a steep slope-a middle elevation region, and form high moutains in Gyeongsangbuk-do. Meanwhile, Ke_1-9 and Te_1-2 regions take possession of the more than 70% that are a low elevation region. Ke_1-9 region form landward flatlands and hills around Nakdong river and tributaries of Nakdong river in Gyeongsangbuk-do. Then, Te_1-2 region form coastal lowlands adjacent the East sea in Gyeongsangbuk-do. Also, Jgr region take possession of the more than 70% that are a middle elevation region, and form low moutains or flatlands in Gyeongsangbuk-do. Finally, Ols₁ region take possession of the more than 50% that are a steep slope region, and form landward moutains in Gyeongsangbuk-do.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.255-261
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• 2003

To analyze ecological characteristics of the Ulmus pumila community, an on-the-spot survey was conducted in August, 1998 in the Dong River, Gangwon-do, South Korea. The Ulmus pumila community is partially distributed in Dong River's midstream and upper stream. Topographical characteristics of this community are significant in the point bar or sandbank of the river. The community is classified into two types, disturbed and non-disturbed types, by the effect of flooding. The Ulmus pumila community (bush forests of Siberian elms) is a representative community which forms riparian forests, but its distribution is rare in South Korea. Only in Dong River is the Ulmus pumila distributed enough to form a community, and none is known that is lager than this community in South Korea. The non-disturbance type progresses more homogeneously than the disturbance type because it is formed on riverside banks where it is affected less by flooding. We concluded that the Ulmus pumila community in this study area has characteristics of riparian forests. In South Korea, Ulmus pumila community can be regarded as important element of vegetation landscape constituting riparian forests. Specifically, these riparian forests are evaluated as high in conservation value due to their being formed spontaneously. Moreover, Dong River is regarded as the southern limit of Ulmus pumila, which has a northern origin. The species or community needs continuous interests and conservation countermeasures because there are limitations in its spread of distribution by natural or artificial efforts.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.152-161
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• 2006

This study is the primary study for analyzing the classifying characteristics of river wetlands in Korea and China. It is the first step for constructing the wetlands inventories and establishing the wetland conservation strategies in North-Eastern Asia. The case study sites are Han-river which is the representative river of Korea and Tu-men river which is flowing on the borderline of 3 nations, China, North Korea and Russia. The results are as follows : 1. The types of wetlands of Han-river in Korea and Tumen-river in China were classified by the methods of Koo(2002) which is focused on the topography and hydrology and Zhu(2002) which is emphasized the vegetation and habitats. 2. There are three features which are hydrology, topography and soil cover, and vegetation to classify the wetlands into each types. 3. According to the two wetland types by Koo and Zhu, classification system, wetlands in the case study area(Han river and Duman river) were classified by types. 4. In Koo's classifying system(2002), lots of Riverine, Lacustrins and Flat wetlands are found because the topographical and hydrological features are emphasized. On the contrary in Zhu's system(2002), there are lots of Palustrine wetlands because of emphasizing the vegetation. 5. By the topographic and geological characteristics of each sites, there are more wetland types in the lower Tumen river.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.57-70
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• 2007

As a basic element of Jeju landscape, Oreum offers a beautiful and aesthetic view. Considering topographical and geological research achievements, however, an effort to discover implicit value in terms of landscape characteristics and value has been ignored. This paper has investigated the characteristics and value of landscape by Oreum focusing on Jeju landscape characteristics and eco-touristic value and discussed a scheme to maximize the values. Under a theme of 'Sustainable Development' of the RIO Declaration, tour industry has recently changed its focus from eco-tourism to gee-tourism. Fortunately, Jeju Oreum has very distinctive and unique landscape with depressed crater at a crest. Nevertheless, it's very difficult to see a true aspect of Oreum from the street or over the car window. Therefore, it's urgent to begin a research on how to make advantage of and preserve Oreum landscape in order to maximize its landscape values and improve its potential as a tourist attraction. Through diverse programs such as sky leisure sports(ex: light airplane and helicopter riding, paragliding), sky watching, and mountain hiking, in particular, a possibility that Oreum can succeed as LBD(Learning by Doing)-based tour program with volcanic features needs to be examined. Besides, it's also a good idea to develop Oreum tour program or Oreum Museum as an alternative plan. Above all, however, it's most urgent to protect the existing Oreum and restore ecological and landscape beauty of Oreum through proper land use.