• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.11-16
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• 2009

OPD based laryngeal procedures offers a new avenue to the modern laryngologist, incorporating new technology in the office setting. With the development of flexible fiberoptic endoscopes, compact video system, and short acting anesthetics and sedatives allow these procedures. The success or failure of procedures are depend on excellent topical anesthesia. An inadequately anesthetized patient is apt to be uncomfortable, anxious and hyperresponsive and therefore unlikely to tolerate the procedure. On the other hand, a patient who is well informed, reassured, and thoroughly anesthetized can complete procedures. Therefore, optimal anesthesia is obligatory for excellent surgical results. The phonosurgeon should choose the anesthetic and sedative agents based on duration of action, time of onset of action, and any medical contraindications that the patient may have. And should be familiar with the properties and interaction of the agents used, as well as the signs of toxicity.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.445-448
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• 2006

Purpose: The nose is the most prominent skeletal feature of the face and is thus prone to frequent injury. Closed reduction of nasal bone fractures can be performed under general or local anesthesia. However, the benefits and the drawbacks in either form of anesthesia chosen are seldom perceived by the surgeon. A retrospective study was performed to assess the differences in the outcome among the two groups subjected to surgery under different type of anesthesia and to introduce our method of local anesthesia and its adequacy. Methods: Two hundred and fifteen patients during a 2-year period were included in the study. 2% Lidocaine mixed with 1:100,000 epinephrine was injected on the anterior ethmoid nerve and the periosteum. Assessment factors included intra-operative adequacy of analgesia, post-operative analgesic requirement and functional and aesthetic outcome of surgery. Results: 19 patients were manipulated under general anesthesia and 196 patients were manipulated under local anesthesia on the anterior ethmoidal nerve and dorsal periosteum. No statistically signigicant variable in performance of surgery could be attributed to the mode of anesthesia employed(p > 0.05). Four patients experienced complications after reduction. One developed septal deviation and three nasal obstruction. But, no secondary operations were needed. Conclusion: Anterior ethmoidal nerve block and dorsal periosteal injection of 2% Xylocaine, combined with topical intranasal 4% lidocaine and epinephrine provided sufficient analgesia comparable to that of general anesthesia.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.337-356
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• 2020

This systematic review focused on the efficacy of topical products in reducing temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD)-associated pain, in comparison to placebo or control interventions. The EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and MEDLINE via PubMed databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using topical interventions in adults diagnosed with TMD. The pain intensity was the primary outcome, and other clinical findings were the secondary outcomes. The risk of bias was evaluated according to the Cochrane's handbook. The search up to February 7, 2020 identified a total of 496 unduplicated references. Nine RCTs with 355 adult patients diagnosed with TMD were included. The meta-analysis did not show a significant reduction in baseline pain intensity in the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs) group, when compared to the placebo group (P = 0.288). One study demonstrated a statistically significant pain score decrease for Theraflex-TMJ compared to placebo after 10 d of treatment (P = 0.003) and follow-up, 5 d after the last application (P = 0.027). Ping On reduced pain at 4 weeks of application (P < 0.001) but not after 7 d of application (P = 0.136). In one study, cannabidiol (CBD) significantly improved the pain intensity compared to placebo (P < 0.001). However, no differences were found with capsaicin in the two studies (P = 0.465). Evidence was of low quality because the studies were considered as having an unclear or a high risk of bias and a small number of studies were analyzed. The evidence is not sufficient to support the use of topical NSAIDs and capsaicin, and limited evidence was found for Threraflex-TMJ, bee venom, Ping On, and CBD, with only one study reporting for each. Additional studies are recommended to validate these results.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.251-255
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• 2010

A local anesthetic agent which is most commonly used for outpatients is lidocaine hydrochloride that contains epinephrine, which is for vasoconstriction in 1:100,000 concentration. This agent is known as a safe local anesthetic agent and has been used widely for topical use or injections. However, the allergic reaction that we will report in this case occurred when common local anesthesia was done intraorally, and the patient complained of hyperventilation, tachycardia, abdominal pain and unintentional tears. We experienced an allergic reaction after injecting the lidocaine hydrochloride and therefore report the case to suggest that local anesthesia should be always carried out very carefully.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.292-294
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• 2020

A 14-year-old castrated male Persian cat presented with epiphora, blepharospasm, brownish ocular discharge, corneal neovascularization, and corneal opacity in the left eye. Medial lower eyelid entropion was diagnosed through an ophthalmic examination. Since the cat was old and suffered from chronic kidney disease, we decided to perform a hyaluronic acid (HA) subdermal filler injection without general anesthesia rather than surgical correction. After topical anesthesia by lidocaine jelly and disinfection, HA filler was injected into the medial lower eyelid under minimal physical restraint. At the last follow-up 139 days later, lower eyelid entropion was not observed and related clinical signs disappeared. Therefore, HA subdermal filler can be an effective intervention for the treatment of entropion in cats.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.31-35
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• 2009

Transnasal Esophagoscopy allows the upper aerodigestive tract, from the nasal cavity to the gastric cardia to be examined in the outpatients department. It is well tolerated by patient with topical anesthesia alone and no sedation or patient preparation is required. The technique is easily learned and performed in the otolaryngologist and highly cost efficient. It is a useful tool for accurate diagnosis and can be used in a variety of office-based procedures.

• 대한기관식도과학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.91-96
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• 2010

Transnasal esophagoscopy allows. the upper aerodigestive tract, from the nasal cavity to the gastric cardia to be examined in the outpatients department. It is well tolerated by patient with topical anesthesia alone and no sedation or patient preparation is required. The technique is easily learned and performed in the otolaryngologist and highly cost efficient. It is a useful tool for accurate diagnosis and can be used in a variety of office-based procedures.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.119-124
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• 2018

Three cases of simple exanthematous eruption were suspected during Sumsu (Bufonis Venenum) pharmacopuncture (SP) topical anesthesia for acupotomy. Patients had skin rash with pruritus on both ankle, posterior neck, and left shoulder after 11, 12, and 7 times of SP treatment, respectively. There were no cases of systemic manifestations or changes in vital signs. As a result of using the World Health Organization-Uppsala Monitoring Centre (WHO-UMC) causality assessment, all the cases were evaluated as 'unlikely'. However, the results of using the Korean algorithm for assessing the causality of drug adverse reactions version 2.0 were evaluated as 'possible'. This report is the first case report on adverse events suspected of occurring after SP treatment. Although the causal relationship between suspected intervention and the adverse event is not clear, there was a difficulty in completely excluding the possibility. Additional safety studies will be required to make SP more widely available.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.17-24
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• 2016

Background: To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of lidocaine (LD) topical anesthetic spray against oral microflora. Methods: Antimicrobial effects of 10% LD spray were assessed against six bacterial cultures obtained from volunteers: Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Streptococcus sanguinis. The filter papers contained $50-{\mu}l$ LD, brain heart infusion (BHI) broth, or 0.2% chlorhexidine. Papers were placed on the cultured blood plates for 1-3 min. After the papers were removed, plates were incubated for 24 h. Bacterial growth on the contact areas was recorded as the antimicrobial score. The split mouth technique was use in for sample collection in clinical study. Filter papers soaked with either BHI broth or LD were placed on the right or left buccal mucosa for 1 min, and replaced with other papers to imprint biofilms onto the contact areas. Papers were placed on blood plates, incubated for 24 h, and antimicrobial scores were determined. Experiments were conducted for 2- and 3-min exposure times with a 1-day washout period. Results: LD exhibited bactericidal effects against E. coli, S. sanguinis, and S. salivarius within 1 min but displayed no effect against S. aureus, E. faecalis, and S. pyogenes. The antimicrobial effect of LD on oral microflora depended upon exposure time, similar to the results obtained from the clinical study (P < 0.05). LD showed 60-95% biofilm reduction on buccal mucosa. Conclusions: Antimicrobial activity of 10% LD topical anesthetic spray was increased by exposure time. The 3 min application reduced oral microflora in the buccal mucosa.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.152-158
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• 2021

A 3-year-old spayed female beagle dog was presented with epiphora, severe hemorrhagic and purulent ocular discharge in the right eye (OD). A reflux of the discharge through the other canaliculi, associated with signs of chronic inflammation, was observed on cytology. Dacryocystorhinography revealed retention of contrast media ventral to the lower punctum, indicating complete obstruction and the potential presence of radiolucent foreign body. Ocular discharge subsided after the first treatment, including flushing of the nasolacrimal duct and application of topical antibiotics and corticosteroids, but clinical symptoms of the dacryocystitis waxed and waned thereafter. Surgical treatment was delayed for 8 months due to Dirofilaria immitis infection, and topical treatment and monthly flushing were maintained. On the day of operation, a foreign body was released through the fistula, while flushing for disinfection under general anesthesia, just before the surgery. Dacryocystectomy was performed to remove necrotic tissue and residual foreign body around the nasolacrimal cyst. Upon histopathologic findings, the removed foreign body was considered to be a plant, and the nasolacrimal cyst was comprised of chronic active ulcerative inflammation and necrotic tissues. At the 1-week recheck, improvement of epiphora and ocular discharge and healing of the surgical site was noted. In conclusion, nasolacrimal duct foreign body can be considered in recurrent dacryocystitis, despite nasolacrimal flushing and topical medication. In this study, dacryocystectomy was curative without recurrence of dacryocystitis or epiphora.