• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.419-437
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• 1998

Nurses use a nursing process. that is a scientific approach method. in order to understand the clients' condition and to solve their problems. Professional nurses have accepted the nursing process as a standard framework for nursing activities, and the first step of the nursing process is nursing assessment. The purpose of this study was to develop a nursing assessment tool for emergency patients. Assessment is a first step in the nursing process, and scientific assessment helps to better understand the patients. Thus the development of an assessment tool for emergency patients will improve of nursing quality and advance to efficacy of emergency room(ER) management. The study involved the development of a conceptual framework, preliminary tool, content validity verification process. and reliability verification process. The conceptual framework was developed through a review of the literature. and preliminary tool was developed from the conceptual framework that based on care flow sheet' developed James A. Haley. The preliminary tool was evaluated for validity and reliability by seven experts, one ER nurse manager, two ER head nurses, two emergency medicine doctors. and two ER charge nurses and by ten nurses with one to five year careers in ER nursing. The results of this study was as follows 1. The conceptual framework which was developed was composed of three parts. They were triage criteria, first assessment and secondary assessment. 2. The preliminary tool which was developed had 31 items based on the conceptual framework. 3. To test expert validity a 4-point scale was used. items which had gained 3-4 points from six persons of the seven experts were selected. All 31 items from the preliminary tool were selected. 4. The reliability test was done by ten nurses educated in the use of the assessment tool. Two pairs of nurses simultaneously assessed the same patients. A total agreement percentile was calculated and result was 87.3% agreement. 5. After the validity and reliability testing. the final emergency patient nursing assessment tool was finalized with 31 items. and a check-list for the responses. This study concludes that the tool which was developed is both valid and reliable will advance quality care for emergency patients. This emergency nursing assessment tool was also found to be an adequate tool for assessment of emergency patients.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.272-275
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• 2003

This paper presents the role and its function of Tool server. MPEG-21 means multimedia framework for delivery and consumption of multimedia which is being discussed in ISO/IEC 21000. A view of MPEC-21 aims to define multimedia framework to enable transparent use of multimedia resource across a wide range of networks and devices used by different communities. MPEG-21 will enable all-electronic creation delivery and trade of digital multimedia content and transparent usage of various content types on network device. Therefore, we can provide access to information and services from almost anywhere at anytime with various terminals and networks. In order to support multimedia delivery chain that contains content creation, production, delivery and consumption, we need many standards(elements) for identify, describe, manage and protect the content. Thus, we define Digital Item Player(DIP), Digital Item Adaptation(DIA) server and Tool server as primary objects of MPEG-21 multimedia framework. DIP provides a function which creates and consumes Digital Item(DI) as a kind of a digital object by user. A DI contains both media resources and metadata including rights information. DIA server deals with the usage environment description schema of the user characteristics, terminal and network characteristics and natural environments. DIA server adapts the original DI to the usage environment description sent from the terminal and transmits the adapted DI to the terminal. Tool server searches for a tool requested from DIP or DIA and downloads the best tool to DIP or DIA server. In this paper, we present how Tool sewer is organized and is used among 2 primary objects. The paper is structured as followings: Section 1 briefly describes why MPEG-21 is needed and what MPEG-21 wants. We see requirement that tool server must equip functionally in section 2. The proposed tool server,its structure and its functionality are presented in section 3. Section 4 explains a scenario that tool server transmits tool to DIP and shows the experimental result. The paper concludes in section 5.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.58-69
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• 1992

The purposes of this study were 1) to assess the currunt documentation system 2) to identify the problems in communication regarding to documentation 3) to develop new documentation system 4) to suggest effective communication channel using new documentation system Research was conducted by direct observation, chart review, staffs interview and servey. Results were as follows: 1) nursing care plans were not used in ongoing care 2) documentation format was primarily narrative and charting was time consuming 3) documentation did not reflect the nursing process 4) patient records were not used as effective communication tool between case manager and part time nurse 5) difficult access to patient record for nurse manager created inefficiency in coordinating 6) documentation of patient education did not describe the precise contents of education, and the responses of the patients and evaluation To solve these problems, new documentation format was developed. With new formats nurses : 1) use standardized care plan which contains nursing diagnosis, ecpected outcome, time frame for evaluation, flow sheet for updating the plans 2) leave one copy of care plan at patient home for mutual agreement with patent and communication among nursing staffs 3) carry one copy of care plan for updating 4) document and evaluate the patient education using education check list keeping in patient's home 5) document nursing process in focus charting visit report 6) carry one copy of visit report 7) have one copy of visit report which was deligated to part time nurses 8) use documentation in direct communication with part time nurse 9) use beeper and memo to promote communication

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.221-241
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• 2023

Background: The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate the effects of digital therapeutics for insomnia on sleep disorders and mental health improvement compared to the control group. Methods: Following the guidelines on systematic review(PRISMA, NECA), a literature search was conducted through PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, RISS, KISS, and KoreaMed using keywords. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool and Review Manager version 5.3 were used for risk of bias and effect size assessment. Results: Thirty eight RCT met criteria for inclusion. When compared against three control conditions, the digital therapeutics for insomnia was an effective intervention for improvement sleep disorders and mental health in comparison to waiting list and Patient-directed care with some intervention by medical staff. However, digital therapeutics for insomnia were no more effective than face-to-face CBT-I control group. Conclusion: The efficacy of digital therapeutics for insomnia was evaluated differently depending on the control group. Therefore, in phase 3 clinical trials for efficacy evaluation, it is necessary to review whether the control group has been properly established.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.93-106
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• 2011

In this paper we describe an efficient and easy to use internet stopper, which is called AINS (Automatic Internet Stopper), which uses ARP spoofing scheme. Instead of forwarding packets to router for the case of hacking, in ARP spoofing, the AINS ignores all the packets so that internet stopping operates. The AINS program needs to be installed only in manager computer that does not require additional agent program. In addition to setting manually the stopping computer list, it is able to indentify network nodes automatically by analyzing broadcasting packets. The experimental results show that less than 4 secs for spoofing interval is enough for blocking internet usage regardless the number of computers and therefore network overhead is negligible. The AINS can indentify and control network nodes not only on same subnet but also on different subnet only if they are connected onto same ethernet switch physically. It is being used for an efficient tool for controling internet usage of university computer laboratory and also for an efficient network management.