• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.35-82
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• 2001

In the Encyclopedia Medica Koreana(Dongeuibogam), I have researched 245 prescriptions in which Panax Ginseng plays an important role. And I have got the following results. The healing scope and frequency of ginseng-mainly-included prescriptions are Child Part 29(11.83%), Violent Cough Part 23(9.38%), Sick-by-Cold Part 21(8.57%), Oncosis Part 16(6.53%), Overwork Part 14(5.71%), Gynecologic Part 14(5.71%), Internal Part 13(5.3%), Apoplexy Part 11(4.48%), Mind Part 10(4.08%) and Fecal Part 10(4.08%) prescriptions. And also each of Nausea Part, Anger Part, and Spirit parts has the same 5 (2.04%) prescriptions. And each of Qi Part, Diabetes Meatus Part, Malaria Part, and Humoral Part has 4(1.63%) prescriptions. And each of Foot Part, Choleraic Part, Genital Part, Blood Part, and Voice Part has 3 (1.2%). All of these prescriptions cover 88.88%. And besides listed parts above, Panax Ginseng is all used in 48 Parts: Body-Mind Part. Mouth-Tongue Part, Breast Part, Muscle Part, Swelling Part, Urine Part, Epidermis Part, Heat Part, Anus Part, Stomach Part, Eye Part, Laryngopharynx Part. Uterus Part" Heavy Stomach Part, Head Part, Pulse Part, Hair Part, Navel Part, Emetic Part, Costal Part, Edema Part, Vomiting Part, Superstitious Part, and Cardiac Part, etc. Of the prescriptions in which Panax Ginseng plays an important role, the most representative diseases, which more than 86.8% prescriptions cure, are shock, numbness from cold, Taeeum disease, oncosis, overwork, sick from eating, numbness of extremities, diarrhea, tachycardia, forgetfulness, nausea, heat from kidney, nocturnal emission, short breath, diabetes meatus, malaria, sweating, sweating overnight, beriberi, cholera, insomnia from enervation, sialitis, navel pain, hemorrhage, and loss of voice. The pathology of the prescriptions in which Panax Ginseng plays an important role is divided into the organ problems, six natural factors, seven extreme feelings, unbalanced humoral status, overwork, and, unbalance of qi and blood. Spleen, heart, and uterus is the main cause of organ problems; wind and cold are the main cause of six natural factors; heavy humors are the main cause of unbalanced humoral status; the stasis of seven feelings are the main cause of seven extreme feelings; the lack of stamina and overwork are the main cause of the overwork; the lack of qi, the lack of blood, and, the lack of qi and blood are the main cause of the unbalance of qi and blood. After I have researched the contents of the prescriptions in which Panax Ginseng plays an important role, I could understand the addition of the different prescriptions, combination of medicines, and the role of medicine groups associated with Panax Ginseng. So from now on, the results I have got could be used as the data which show the theoretical basis on the prescriptions.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.64-67
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• 2005

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome(OSAS) is a common disease in the field of otorhinolaryngology and is characterized by repeated upper airway occlusions occurring during sleep. OSAS can occur due to various etiologies of the nasal, oral, pharyngeal and laryngeal airway in adults. Nasal obstruction can be caused by septal deviation, nasal polyps, concha bullosa, choanal atresia, neoplasms, foreign body, postoperative/post-traumatic synechiae, various rhinitis and so on. There are various kinds of surgical treatment of OSAS including nasal surgery, LAUP, UPPP, surgery of tongue base, tracheostomy and so on, but the effect of nasal surgery on snoring and OSAS is controversial. The authors report the case of a patient who had experienced nasal obstruction, moderate snoring and OSAS and who improved after septoplasty and turbinoplasty.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.1-9
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• 2013

Background : According to the rising cases of clinical researches with Traditional Korean Medicine for persistent allergic rhinitis patients, the need for developing and applying Pattern diagnosis instrument has been increasing. Objective : This study was done to investigate and pragmatize the Pattern diagnosis instrument for persistent allergic rhinitis patients launched by KFDA in 2008. Methods : Data was collected by structured survey papers from Korean Medicine doctors participate in the Conference of The Korean Oriental Medical Ophthalmology & Otolaryngology & Dermatology Society in October 2012. We investigated their representative Patterns(변증) of every questions and used the mean results for assuming agreement rates. The importance order of 8 symptom domains for considering Pattern diagnostic steps were also asked and analyzed for inducing importance rates. Finally based on above two results, we developed weight points of each questions by multiplying agrement percents with importance rates. Results : 50 Korean medicine doctors described the informed consent and survey papers. Response agreement rates of each questions of Pattern diagnosis instruments were analyzed and described in Table 2. Comparing the survey results with diagnostic references, matched percent of 肺胃熱 was the 87.9%, 肺氣虛寒 was 62.5%, 肺脾氣虛 was 62.5% and 腎元虧虛 was 50%. Mean importance rates of rhinorrhea was 7.28, otoscope diagnosis 5.12, obstruction 5.04, sneeze 4.82, symptom duration 4.63, other body condition 3.54, tongue diagnosis 3.02, nasal pruritus 2.86, accordingly. Final importance rates of each questions were assumed, and the range of them was from 1.60 to 4.72, which were listed in Table 5. Conclusion : These results might provide the rational backgrounds and practical methods for developing and utilizing methods of Pattern diagnosis questionnaire for perennial allergic rhinitis.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.463-468
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• 2019

Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis (CIPA) is a rare disease that affects the sensory and autonomic nervous system. The patients do not have the ability to sense different sensations, such as pain, which tends to lead to different injuries. In addition, the patients suffer from fluctuations in body temperature due to autonomic involvement. The present case was a five-year-old girl with a neglected distal femur fracture. X-rays taken during the follow-up showed marked callus formation and pseudarthrosis of the distal femur. She had biting injuries of the tongue, auto-amputation of the fingers, some developmental delay and a history of recurrent fever with an unknown origin. The electrodiagnostic study was normal. The quantitative sudomotor axon reflex test revealed markedly reduced postganglionic sudomotor axonal responses at all sites recorded on the left. She was diagnosed with CIPA. As the initial presentation of CIPA involves the musculoskeletal system, orthopedic surgeons should have a high index of suspicion.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.42-53
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• 2017

One of the negative ecological effects following road construction is roadkill; animals die on the roads after being struck by vehicles. Roadkills have been a major concern in South Korea due to the large mountain areas in the country and have been mentioned as a causal factor for the decline in wildlife. Although snake roadkills frequently occur, as with mammals, birds, and amphibians, there are not many related studies done on snake roadkills. In this study, we determined snake roadkill patterns in the northeast part of South Korea including most of the Gangwon-do areas and parts of Gyeonggi-do, Chungcheongbuk-do, and Gyeongsangbuk-do by analyzing the snake roadkills found between May 2007 and Aug 2012. We identified a total of 155 roadkilled snakes from 10 different species. Red-sided water snake (Rhabdophis tigrinus), Red-tongue viper snake (Gloydius ussuriensis), Cat snake (Elaphe dione), Red-banded snake (Dinodon rufozonatus), and Viper snake (Gloydius brevicaudus) accounted for more than 90% of the total cases. It was found that more active forager snakes were killed than sit-and-wait foragers, more male snakes were killed than female snakes, and more adult snakes were killed than subadult snakes. The snake roadkill frequency was the highest in September between the altitudes of 200 and 400 m, and on roads between either a mountain and a body of water or between a mountain and a crop field. Our results are expected to enhance the understanding of snake roadkills in general and to determine the areas, specific sites and species for planning projects for snake roadkill reduction in the northeast of South Korea.