• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.25 no.9
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• pp.1410-1416
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• 2015

Wolbachia is an obligate symbiotic bacteria that is ubiquitous in arthropods, with 25-70% of insect species estimated to be infected. Wolbachia species can interact with their insect hosts in a mutualistic or parasitic manner. Sequence types (ST) of Wolbachia are determined by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of housekeeping genes. However, there are some limitations to MLST with respect to the generation of clone libraries and the Sanger sequencing method when a host is infected with multiple STs of Wolbachia. To assess the feasibility of massive parallel sequencing, also known as next-generation sequencing, we used pyrosequencing for sequence typing of Wolbachia in butterflies. We collected three species of butterflies (Eurema hecabe, Eurema laeta, and Tongeia fischeri) common to Korea and screened them for Wolbachia STs. We found that T. fischeri was infected with a single ST of Wolbachia, ST41. In contrast, E. hecabe and E. laeta were each infected with two STs of Wolbachia, ST41 and ST40. Our results clearly demonstrate that pyrosequencing-based MLST has a higher sensitivity than cloning and Sanger sequencing methods for the detection of minor alleles. Considering the high prevalence of infection with multiple Wolbachia STs, next-generation sequencing with improved analysis would assist with scaling up approaches to Wolbachia MLST.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.185-192
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• 2012

We investigated butterfly species diversity on nineteen uninhabited islands around Imja-myeon, Shinan-gun, Jeonnam, Korea. A total of 14 species belong to 5 families were identified. Species of Papilionidae were the most abundant with 5 species, followed by Lycaenidae (4 species). A Lycaenid butterfly, Pseudozizeeria maha (Kollar), was the most dominant species on the surveyed islands. The total number of species was the highest at island Daenorokdo (6 species). To investigate the factors that determine butterfly diversity, we analyzed the relationships between number of species and island area, distance from the largest island nearby, and maximum elevation. We found that island area ($R^2$=0.413, p=0.003) was significantly correlated with butterfly diversity, but other variables such as distance from the largest island nearby and maximum elevation were not correlated.