• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.223-232
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• 2013

In this study, carbon emissions and energy consumption were evaluated to establish a design strategy which has low energy consumption and carbon emission production, by using life cycle energy (LCE) and life cycle $CO_2(LCCO_2)$ calculation methods in life cycle management(LCM) tools. After improvement design projects, the energy consumption and $CO_2$ emission were calculated and compared in three sewage treatment plants (STPs), which are A STP, B STP, and C STP. The reduction of carbon emissions was 28,020.1 ton $CO_{2-}e/yr$, 37,399.6 ton $CO_{2-}e/yr$ and 8,788.3 ton $CO_{2-}e/yr$, respectively. Production of energy was 792 TOE/yr, 1,235 TOE/yr and 1,023 TOE/yr, respectively. As a result, the estimation of energy and energy self-sufficiency was 5.1 %, 14.5 % and 23.5 %, respectively. The result of this study shows the LCM can be contributed to establish strategy for energy and carbon emission reduction in sewage treatment plants.

• The Magazine of the Society of Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating Engineers of Korea
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.18-23
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• 2011

일본의 마에카와 제작소에서 개발한 자연냉매를 사용하는 에너지 절약형 냉동장치인 NewTon3000을 소개하고 냉동창고에 이 시스템을 적용했을 때에 총 에너지 소비량이 획기적으로 저감됨을 설명하고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Committee for Ocean Resources and Engineering Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.100-107
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• 2002

This study investigates the seasonal variation and spatial distribution characteristics of pollutant load, as executing the quantity valuation of pollutant load inflowing into Yeong-Il bay from on-land including the Hyeong-san river. Annual total pollutant generating rate from Yeong-Il bay region are 202ton to BOD, 620ton to SS, 42ton to T-N, 16ton to T-P respectively, if expressly point out, pollutant generating rate from the Hyeong-san river is the greatest, which BOD ratio is 78.2%, SS 88.5%, T-N 62.5%, T-P 73.1%. As calculating Tank model with input value of daily precipitation and evaporation of 2001 year in drainage basin of the Hyeong-san river, Estimated result of the annual total river discharge effluencing from this river is $830{\times}106m^3$. As result to estimating annual total effluence rate outflowing at the rivers from each drainage basins, annual total inflow pollutant rate are BOD 10,633ton, SS 19,302ton, T-N 15,369ton, T-P 305ton. The III basin which is population congestion region of the Pohang-city drain away a good many pollutant load than the V basin including the Neang-Chun with wide drainage area. Especially, a great many T-N than T-P inflow into Yeong-Il bay. The accumulation of pollutant load effluenced from on-land will happen on at the inner coast region of Yeong-Il bay, finally we would make a prediction that the water quality will take a bad turn.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 2019

In this study, we developed a cooling system for 1 ton size refrigeration vehicle using carbon dioxide natural refrigerant among hydrocarbon type refrigerant which is attracting attention as environment friendly refrigerant, and designed a heat exchanger and a unit cooler to raise COP. In addition, existing CNG 5 ton refrigerated trucks were converted into LNG vehicles to increase the efficiency of the cooling system and ensure safety against CNG. As a result, environmentally friendly refrigerated trucks using natural refrigerants of 1 ton and 5 ton sizes were developed.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.229-241
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• 1996

This study was performed to find the most desirable emission reduction for each mobile source pollutant and the optimal control strategy at a given level of expenditures in Pusan City in 2000 by using the interactive s-constraint method developed by Chang-Hyo Lee and Hyung-Wook Kim, which isone of the mathematical programming models. The most desirable emission reduction is 7093 ton/year for particulate (TSP), 4871 ton/year for NOx, 5148 ton/year for HC and 36779 ton/year for CO. The optimal control strategy is as follows; 1. As to passenger car and taxi, limiting VKT (vehicle kilometers travelled) in congested areas will be necessary. In addition to this, improving vehicie inspection Program should be enforced. 2. As to small-gasoline bus, traffic adaptive control system will be necessary. 3. As to small-diesel bus, non-adjustable engine parameters will have to be applied. .4. As to heal bus and heart truck, catalytic trap oxidizer and limiting VKT in congested areas will do necessary. 5. As to motorcycle, 2-cycle motorcycles should be converted to 4-cycle motorcycles.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.590-596
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• 2015

Estimating potential of $CO_2$ emission reduction of non-capture $CO_2$ utilization (NCCU) technology was evaluated. NCCU is sodium bicarbonate production technology through the carbonation reaction of $CO_2$ contained in the flue gas. For the estimating the $CO_2$ emission reduction, process simulation using process simulator (PRO/II) based on a chemical plant which could handle $CO_2$ of 100 tons per day was performed, Also for the estimation of the indirect $CO_2$ reduction, the solvay process which is a conventional technology for the production of sodium carbonate/sodium bicarbonate, was studied. The results of the analysis showed that in case of the solvay process, overall $CO_2$ emission was estimated as 48,862 ton per year based on the energy consumption for the production of $NaHCO_3$ ($7.4GJ/tNaHCO_3$). While for the NCCU technology, the direct $CO_2$ reduction through the $CO_2$ carbonation was estimated as 36,500 ton per year and the indirect $CO_2$ reduction through the lower energy consumption was 46,885 ton per year which lead to 83,385 ton per year in total. From these results, it could be concluded that sodium bicarbonate production technology through the carbonation reaction of $CO_2$ contained in the flue was energy efficient and could be one of the promising technology for the low $CO_2$ emission technology.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.163-170
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• 2011

This study was carried out to investigate greenhouse gas (GHG), $CH_4$ and $N_2O$, emission from liquid swine manure according to aeration levels in summer. To evaluate the influence of operation methods on GHG emissions, liquid swine manure were applied with different rates of aeration (store without aeration, $1m^3/ton/h$, $2.5m^3/ton/h$, and $5m^3/ton/h$). Following are the results of this study. The liquid swine manure applied no aeration, $1m^3/ton/h$, $2.5m^3/ton/h$, and $5m^3/ton/h$ aeration rates released 315.6, 13.9, 17.9 and $9.6{\mu}g/m^2/s$ of $CH_4$ and 0.173, 0.157, 0.131, and $0.241{\mu}g/m^2/s$ of $N_2O$, respectively. Liquid swine manure applied no aeration released the most amount of GHG ($6,681.4{\mu}g/m^2/s$ $CO_2$-Eq.) and followed by $5m^3/ton/h$ ($276.4{\mu}g/m^2/s$ $CO_2$-Eq.), $2.5m^3/ton/h$ ($416.0{\mu}g/m^2/s$ $CO_2$-Eq.), and $1m^3/ton/h$ ($340.8{\mu}g/m^2/s$ $CO_2$-Eq.). Our results reveal that the aerated system may reduce GHG emissions compared to no aeration. Consequently, aeration and mixing were effective at reducing GHG emissions during liquid swine manure storage.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.40-52
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• 2022

This study analyzed the amount of carbon dioxide reduction and economic benefits of detailed processes of CO₂ 6,000 tons plant facilities with mineral carbonation technology using carbon dioxide and coal materials emitted from domestic circulating fluidized bed combustion power plants. Coal ash reacted with carbon dioxide through carbon mineralization facilities is produced as a complex carbonate and used as a construction material, accompanied by a greenhouse gas reduction. In addition, it is possible to generate profits from the sales of complex carbonates and carbon credits produced in the process. The actual carbon dioxide reduction per ton of complex carbonate production was calculated as 45.8 kgCO₂eq, and the annual carbon dioxide reduction was calculated as 805.3 tonCO₂, and the benefit-cost ratio (B/C Ratio) is 1.04, the internal rate return (IRR) is 10.65 % and the net present value (NPV) is KRW 24,713,465 won, which is considered economical. Carbon mineralization technology is one of the best solutions to reduce carbon dioxide considering future carbon dioxide reduction and economic potential.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.441-468
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• 2004

We estimate carbon embodied in the export goods of Korea. A commodity-by-industry IO model ($CO_2$ hybrid IO model) is constructed for the estimation. In the model, all monetary units of energy commodities are converted to physical unit, carbon tons. Results show that total $CO_2$ embodied in the exports of non-energy goods of Korea equals 51.18 million carbon ton or 44% of total $CO_2$ emissions in Korea in 2000. Overall carbon intensity of export goods is estimated as 0.227 carbon ton per million Won. These findings suggest Korea's responsibility on global warming may be imputed to the countries who import and consume Korean goods. It is in accordance with the user pay principle. It is also argued that if UNFCCC impose the burden of $CO_2$ mitigation on importing countries rather than exporting countries, we can prevent '$CO_2$ emission leakages' effectively.

• Clean Technology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.111-119
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• 2012

These days many companies are trying to reduce, recycle and reuse their wastes. Even though many wastes can be recycled, those are incinerated or landfilled. To solve these problems, there are many projects to make efforts to recycle wastes in especially the industrial complexes. But, due to the absence of information about waste recycling, recyclable wastes are still incinerated or landfilled. Based on these research background, this study aims to suggest the evaluation methodology of the $CO_2$ emissions and cost reduced by circulating the industrial waste to resource. We evaluated the environmental and economic effect between companies which emit the plastic waste and organic solvent waste and use them as raw-materials in the off-line recycling information exchange network. The environmental and economic aspects were analyzed comparing waste recycling with waste incineration. By recycling the plastic waste as raw-materials, $CO_2$ emission were reduced 1,070 ton in 2009 and 1,234 ton in 2010 and 657.4 million won in 2009 and 755.0 million won in 2010 were reduced. In recycling the organic solvent waste, 7.3 ton-$CO_2$ in 2010 and 5.6 ton-$CO_2$ in 2011 were reduced and 15.9 million won in 2010 and 12.2 million won in 2011 were reduced.