• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.50-60
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• 2015

The use of novel isolates of Trichoderma with efficient antagonistic capacity against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) is a promising alternative strategy to pesticides for tomato wilt management. We evaluated the antagonistic activity of 30 isolates of T. asperellum against 4 different isolates of FOL. The production of extracellular cell wall degrading enzymes of the antagonistic isolates was also measured. The random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method was applied to assess the genetic variability among the T. asperellum isolates. All of the T. asperellum isolates significantly reduced the mycelial growth of FOL isolates but the amount of growth reduction varied significantly as well. There was a correlation between the antagonistic capacity of T. asperellum isolates towards FOL and their lytic enzyme production. Isolates showing high levels of chitinase and ${\beta}$-1,3-glucanase activities strongly inhibited the growth of FOL isolates. RAPD analysis showed a high level of genetic variation among T. asperellum isolates. The UPGMA dendrogram revealed that T. asperellum isolates could not be grouped by their antagonistic behavior or lytic enzymes production. Six isolates of T. asperellum were highly antagonistic towards FOL and potentially could be used in commercial agriculture to control tomato wilt. Our results are consistent with the conclusion that understanding the genetic variation within Trichoderma isolates and their biochemical capabilities are required for the selection of effective indigenous fungal strains for the use as biocontrol agents.

• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.129-135
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• 2010

기존의 타이머제어법과 일사량제어법 (ISR), 수분장력이나 수분함량센서를 사용하는 방법이 아닌 새로운 저가 정밀 급액관리법을 개발하고자 수행하였다. 본 논문은 배액전극제어법 (집액용기 안의 배액 높이에 따라 설정된 센서에 의해 급액)의 급액제어 기술을 개발하여 경제성과 환경문제를 고려할 수 있는 효율적인 급액관리 시작기를 개발하고자 하였다. 제작된 고형배지경 급액관리기 시작기의 특징은 재배틀과 수위센서 및 간단한 제어반에 의해 구성되어지며 암면, 펄라이트, 피트, 코이어 등 모든 고형배지경 수경재배에 적용할 수 있다. 장점은 저렴하고 제어원리가 간단하며 식물체와 직접적으로 연계되어 있어서 배지의 수분관리에 최적이며 유지보수가 용이하다는 점이다. 기계의 구성은 센서가 총 4개이며 4군데의 서로 다른 구역을 정하여 급액 제어할 수 있다. 센서의 형태는 2접점의 간단한 수위센서 이며 외부 배액수 위에 의한 On/Off 접점식이다. 급액단계를 3단계로 나누어 급액시간과 량을 조정할 수 있다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.510-517
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to analyze microbial hazards for cultivation environments and personal hygiene of strawberry and tomato farms at the growth and harvesting stage. Samples were collected from thirty strawberry farms and forty tomato farms located in Korea and tested for Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus. To investigate the change in the distribution of the S. aureus and B. cereus, a total of 4,284 samples including air born, soil or medium, mulching film, harvest basket, groves and irrigation water etc. were collected from eight strawberry farms and nine tomato farms for one year. As a result, total S. aureus and B. cereus in all samples were detected. Among the total bacteria of strawberry farms, S. aureus (glove: $0{\sim}2.1Log\;CFU/100cm^2$, harvest basket: $0{\sim}3.0Log\;CFU/100cm^2$, soil or culture media: 0~4.1 Log CFU/g, mulching film: $0{\sim}3.8Log\;CFU/100cm^2$), B. cereus (glove: $0{\sim}2.8Log\;CFU/100cm^2$, harvest basket: $0{\sim}4.8Log\;CFU/100cm^2$, soil or culture media: 0~5.3 Log CFU/g, mulching film: $0{\sim}4.5Log\;CFU/100cm^2$) were detected in all samples. The total bacteria of tomato farms, S. aureus (glove: $0{\sim}4.0Log\;CFU/100cm^2$, harvest basket: $0{\sim}5.0Log\;CFU/100cm^2$, soil or culture media: 0~6.1 Log CFU/g, mulching film: $0{\sim}4.0Log\;CFU/100cm^2$), B. cereus (glove: $0{\sim}4.0Log\;CFU/100cm^2$, harvest basket: $0{\sim}4.3Log\;CFU/100cm^2$, soil or culture media: 0~5.9 Log CFU/g, mulching film: $0{\sim}4.7Log\;CFU/100cm^2$) were detected in all samples. The contamination of S. aureus and B. cereus were detected in soil, mulching film and harvest basket from planting until harvest to processing, with the highest count recorded from the soil. But S. aureus and B. cereus were not detected in irrigation water samples. The incidence of S. aureus and B. cereus in hydroponics culture farm were less than those in soil culture. The amount of S. aureus and B. cereus detected in strawberry and tomato farms were less than the minimum amount required to produce a toxin that induces food poisoning. In this way, the degree of contamination of food poisoning bacteria was lower in the production environment of the Korea strawberry and tomato, but problems can be caused by post-harvest management method. These results will be used as fundamental data to create a manual for sanitary agricultural environment management, and post-harvest management should be performed to reduce the contamination of hazardous microorganisms.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.335-345
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• 2020

Tomato grey mould has been one of the destructive fungal diseases during tomato production. Ten mM of menadione sodium bisulfite (MSB) was applied to tomato plants for eco-friendly control of the grey mould. MSB-reduced tomato grey mould in the 3rd true leaves was prolonged at least 7 days prior to the fungal inoculation of two inoculum densities (2 × 10⁴ and 2 × 10⁵ conidia/ml) of Botrytis cinerea. Protection efficacy was significantly higher in the leaves inoculated with the lower disease pressure of conidial suspension compared to the higher one. MSB-pretreatment was not effective to arrest oxalic acid-triggered necrosis on tomato leaves. Plant cell death and hydrogen peroxide accumulation were restricted in necrotic lesions of the B. cinereainoculated leaves by the MSB-pretreatment. Decreased conidia number and germ-tube elongation of B. cinerea were found at 10 h, and mycelial growth was also impeded at 24 h on the MSB-pretreated leaves. MSB-mediated disease suppressions were found in cotyledons and different positions (1st to 5th) of true leaves inoculated with the lower conidial suspension, but only 1st to 3rd true leaves showed decreases in lesion sizes by the higher inoculum density. Increasing MSB-pretreatment times more efficiently decreased the lesion size by the higher disease pressure. MSB led to inducible expressions of defence-related genes SlPR1a, SlPR1b, SlPIN2, SlACO1, SlChi3, and SlChi9 in tomato leaves prior to B. cinerea infection. These results suggest that MSB pretreatment can be a promising alternative to chemical fungicides for environment-friendly management of tomato grey mould.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.302-307
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• 2014

많은 근권세균들이 다양한 직간접적인 방법을 통해 식물생장을 촉진할 수 있으며 indole acetic acid (IAA) 같은 식물호르몬의 생산과 분비는 식물의 생장과 발달에 큰 영향을 미친다. 강아지풀의 근권에서 분리된 Acinetobacter sp. SW5는 BHB 배지에서 각각 2일과 1일 배양 시 118.1 mg/L의 IAA와 4.5 mg/L의 지베렐린을 생성하였다. 소규모 재배실험에서 토마토 유묘에 이 균주를 2주 간격으로 처리하면서 12주 재배 시 토마토 식물의 shoot와 뿌리 길이 및 습윤중량이 비접종 대조군과 비교할 때 통계적으로 유의하게 각각 26.3, 33.3과 105.3% 증가하였다. 토마토 유묘의 뿌리로부터 분비되는 삼출물을 HPLC로 분석한 결과 IAA의 전구물질인 아미노산 트립토판이 3.75 ng/mg tomato root 검출되었으며 Acinetobacter sp. SW5는 8개의 토마토 유묘뿌리 삼출물로부터 $4.06{\mu}M$의 IAA를 생성하였다. 토마토 뿌리 삼출물에서 Acinetobacter sp. SW5의 생장능과 더불어 이 세균에 의해 생성된 IAA가 토마토 식물의 생장을 촉진시키는데 관여했을 것으로 추정된다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.371-377
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• 2002

Leaves of two-week old seedlings of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) were treated with various concentrations (0, 0.2 and 0.4 $\mu$g/1) of 2,4,5-trichlorobiphenyl (PCB-29) and subsequent growth of seedlings, symptoms of oxidative stress and activities of antioxidant enzymes were investigated. Compared with the non-treated control, foliar application of PCB-29 decreased both biomass and superoxide ($O_2$) radical production but increased hydrogen peroxide production and lipid peroxidation such as malondialdehyde (MDA) formation with increased activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX). Further studies on the isozymes of SOD, peroxidase (POD) and APX showed that all three isozymes of SOD such as Mn-SOD, Fe-SOD and Cu/Zn-SOD, two among four isozymes of POD and all three isozymes of APX were selectively increased in response to PCB. Therefore, we suggest that a possible cause for the reduction of seedling growth by PCB exposure is the oxidative stress including over production of hydrogen peroxide and the selective expression of specific isozymes of some antioxidant enzymes.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.399-405
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• 2020

최근 이상 기후 및 노동력 문제를 해결하기 위하여 재배 환경의 정밀 제어가 가능한 식물공장형육묘시스템을 이용한 균일한 묘소질의 접수 및 대목 생산과 접목 로봇의 작업성 향상을 연계시키는 규격묘 생산 자동화시스템 구축의 필요성이 증가하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 식물공장형육묘시스템에서 저면관수 시 오이와 토마토 접수 및 대목의 관수 시기 및 관수량 등 관수 계획 수립을 위해 광량에 따른 증발산량과 묘소질을 조사하였다. 저면 관수 시 연속 중량 측정이 가능하도록 행잉형 로드셀을 설치하고 육안으로 초기 위조가 시작되는 시점을 확인하여 관수 개시 시점을 배지수분함량 50% 이상으로 설정하였다. 오이 접수 및 대목의 관수 시기는 파종 후 7일 및 6일이었고, 토마토 접수 및 대목의 관수 시기는 강광(300 μmol·m^-2·s^-1) 처리구 기준으로, 파종 후 5, 8, 11, 13일이었다. 오이와 토마토 모두 광량 증가에 따라서 증발산 속도가 증가하였으며, 토마토에서 광량에 따른 증발산 속도 차이가 크게 나타났다. 오이와 토마토 묘의 생육은 광량이 증가할수록 촉진되었는데, 광량 증가는 하배축장의 신장을 억제시키고 경경을 증가시켰다. 오이 및 토마토 묘개체군의 누적 증발산량은 광량이 증가할수록 증가하였고, 개체당 일(24h) 증발산량과 광량은 1차 선형 형태로 높은 정의 상관관계를 보였다. 묘개체군의 연속 중량 측정을 통한 오이와 토마토 접수 및 대목의 증발산량 추정은 식물공장형육묘시스템의 정밀 관수 제어를 위한 관수 시기 및 관수량 결정을 위한 지표로 사용할 수 있을 것이다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.170-177
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• 2010

Bacillus licheniformis N1, previously developed as a biofungicide formulation N1E to control gray mold disease of plants, was investigated to study the bacterial traits that may be involved in its biological control activity. Two N1E based formulations, bacterial cell based formulation PN1E and culture supernatant based formulation SN1E, were evaluated for disease control activity against gray mold disease of tomato and strawberry plants. Neither PN1E nor SN1E was as effective as the original formulation N1E. Fractionation of antifungal compounds from the bacterial culture supernatant of B. licheniformis N1 indicated that two different cyclic lipopeptides were responsible for the antimicrobial activity of the N1 strain. These two purified compounds were identified as iturin A and surfactin by HPLC and LCMS. The purified lipopeptides were evaluated for plant disease control activity against seven plant diseases. Crude extracts and purified compounds applied at 500 ${\mu}g/ml$ concentration controlled tomato gray mold, tomato late blight and pepper anthracnose effectively with over 70% disease control value. While iturin showed broad spectrum activity against all tested plant diseases, the control activity by surfactin was limited to tomato gray mold, tomato late blight, and pepper anthracnose. Although antifungal compounds from B. licheniformis N1 exhibited disease control activity, our results suggested that bacterial cells present in the N1E formulation also contribute to the disease control activity together with the antifungal compounds.

• 한국가금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국가금학회 2005년도 제22차 정기총회 및 학술발표회
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• pp.17-30
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• 2005

Lycopene is the red-coloured carotenoid predominantly found in tomato fruit and one of the major carotenoids in the diets of North American and Europeans. Interest in lycopene is growing rapidly following the recent publication of its effects as a natural antioxidant and prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancers. Lycopene, a polyene hydrocarbon carotenoid haying 13 double bond, of which 11 are conjugated double bonds in a linear array exhibits a strong antioxidant property almost twice as strong as that of ${\beta}$-carotene. Lycopene has been shown in recent epidemiological and experimental studies to protect against oxidative damage of DNA which plays an important part in development of various cancer. Lycopene also contribute towards reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases by preventing oxidation of low-density lipoprotein(LDL) cholesterol. This review summarize our knowledge and the current understanding of lycopene in human health as well as the results of experiments we conducted. We conducted experiments for investigating the effects of antioxidant in broiler and the possibilities of production of high quality eggs containing lycopene by the dietary lycopene supplementation with synthetic lycopene or tomato paste. The results shows that thiobarbituric acid reaction substances(TBARS) values in process of LDL oxidation in blood serum of broiler were significantly decreased by dietary lycopene and tomato paste. The dietary lycopene supplementation resulted in improved egg yolk color and in decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) of egg yolk after 4 wk of storage at room temperature significantly(P<0.05). The dietary tomato paste was more effective in the MDA reduction compared to the lycopene(P<0.05). The contents of lycopene in egg yolk of the lycopene supplementation groups were significantly higher than those of the control group.

• 스마트미디어저널
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.48-55
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• 2022

토마토 작물은 병해에 노출이 쉽고 단시간에 퍼지므로 병해에 대한 늦은 조치로 인한 피해는 생산량과 매출에 직접적인 영향을 끼친다. 따라서, 토마토의 병해에 대해 누구나 현장에서 간편하고 정확하게 진단하여 조기 예방을 가능하게 하는 서비스가 요구된다. 본 논문에서는 사전에 ImageNet 전이 학습된 딥러닝 기반 모델을 적용하여 토마토의 9가지 병해 및 정상인 경우의 클래스를 분류하고 서비스를 제공하는 시스템을 구성한다. Plant Village 데이터 셋으로부터 토마토 병해 및 정상을 분류한 잎의 이미지 셋을 합성곱을 사용하여 조금 더 가벼운 신경망을 구축한 딥러닝 기반 CNN구조를 갖는 MobileNet, ResNet의 입력을 사용한다. 2가지 제안 모델의 학습을 통해 정확도와 학습속도가 빠른 MobileNet를 사용하여 빠르고 편리한 서비스를 제공할 수 있다.