• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.105-111
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• 2006

A novel image quality evaluation method, which is based on combination of the rigorous grating diffraction theory and the ray-optic method, is proposed. It is applied for design optimization and, tolerance analysis of optical imaging systems implementing diffractive optical elements (DOE). The evaluation method can predict the quality and resolution of the image on the image sensor plane through the optical imaging system. Especially, we can simulate the effect of diffraction efficiencies of DOE in the camera lenses module, which is very effective for predicting different color sense and MTF performance. Using this method, we can effectively determine the fabrication tolerances of diffractive and refractive optical elements such as the variations' in profile thickness, and the shoulder of the DOE, as well as conventional parameters such as decenter and tilt in optical-surface alignments. A DOE-based 2M-resolution camera lens module designed by the optimization process based on the proposed image quality evaluation method shows ${\sim}15%$ MTF improvement compared with a design without such an optimization.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.99-106
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• 2017

Background: Plants over-expressing Arabidopsis ABF3 (abscisic acid-responsive element-binding factor 3) have enhanced tolerance to various environmental stresses, especially drought. Using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis, we compared the rhizosphere-associated structures of microbial communities for transgenic potato containing this gene and conventional "Jopoong" plants. Results: During a 2-year field experiment, fungal richness, evenness, and diversity varied by year, increasing in 2010 when a moderate water deficit occurred. By contrast, the bacterial richness decreased in 2010 while evenness and diversity were similar in both years. No significant difference was observed in any indices for either sampling time or plant line. Although the composition of the microbial communities (defined as T-RF profiles) changed according to year and sampling time, differences were not significant between the transgenic and control plants. Conclusions: The results in this study suggest that the insertion of ABF3 into potato has no detectable (by current T-RFLP technique) effects on rhizosphere communities, and that any possible influences, if any, can be masked by seasonal or yearly variations.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics A
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• v.33A no.11
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• pp.32-43
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• 1996

In this paper we wanted to implement a reliable ISDN PABX that could maintain the user's voice and data communication services, even when there might be an unexpected system error. In order to implement the fault-tolerance we made this ISDN PABX composed of an active and a standby side by duplicating the main control parts. Whenever a critical error occurs in the active side, it makes side exchange so that the standby side as anew active side continues to proceed the currently active voice or data services. Finally, through the performance evaluation we proved that user's voice or data communication can be serviced without any sense in spite of an system error.

• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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• v.4 no.6
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• pp.407-412
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• 2015

In model-based tracking, an accurate 3D model of a target object or scene is mostly assumed to be known or given in advance, but the accuracy of the model should be guaranteed for accurate pose estimation. In many application domains, on the other hand, end users are not highly distracted by tracking errors from certain levels of modeling errors. In this paper, we examine perceptual tracking errors, which are predominantly caused by modeling errors, on subjective evaluation and compare them to computational tracking errors. We also discuss the tolerance of modeling errors by analyzing their permissible ranges.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.1129-1139
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• 2005

A series of experiments was conducted to identify the potential of five phytoplankton species as standard test species for marine ecotoxicological tests. The candidate phytoplankton species are Skeletonema costatum, Heterosigma akashiwo, Prorocentrum micans, Isochrysis galbana, and Tetraselmis suecica. Salinity tolerance and sensitivity on potassium dichromate as a reference material were identified. Toxicity of eleven ocean dumped sewage sludges and four red tide expellent extracts were estimated by the inhibition of population growth rates (PGR) of marine diatom S. costatum, While most species revealed relatively weak tolerance on salinity, T. suecica demonstrated the highest salinity tolerance ranged from $5\~35$ psu and the others $15\~35$ psu. H. akashiwo revealed the highest sensitivity as 72h $IC_{50}$=0.76mg/L and T. suecica the lowest as 72h $IC_{50}$=8.89mg/L on potassium dichromate. Sludge extracts from industrial waste, domestic sewage and livestock farm waste sludge showed high toxicity as 72h $IC_{50}$<$2\%$ and lowest toxicity from filtration bed sludge as 72h $IC_{50}$=$30.50\%$ NOEC (No Observed Effective Concentration) of sludge extract ranged from <$0.4\%$ to $1.6\%$ and this indicated high phytotoxicity of ocean dumped sewage sludge. The test sensitivity of phytoplankton PGR inhibition was much higher than those of marine rotifer Brachionus plicatilis mortality test and bioluminescent inhibition test by marine bacteria Vibrio fischeri, and comparable with the sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus intermedius) fertilization test. As a result the phytotoxicity test using phytoplankton PGR inhibition ($IC_{50}$) must be a useful tool for marine phyto-toxicological evaluation of ocean dumped materials.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.4 no.6
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• pp.25-31
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• 2003

Multistage Interconnection networks (MIN) for the high performance computing and communications must be efficient and reliable. While a number of fault tolerance schemes have been developed, some of them are not efficient enough with respect to all evaluation measures or overheads of others are too significant. In this paper we develop a new efficient fault tolerant MIN which displays high reliability and fault tolerance capability using a simple structure. Structure and reliabilities of Enhanced Cube Network are evaluated and compared with previous designs to show the effectiveness of new design.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.89-97
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• 2000

This paper shows the study for development inprocess measuring magnetic sensor for tolerance control, First, we fabricated and annealed sample amorphous ribbons which were made of ($CO_{0.94}$$Fe_{0.06}$)$_{79}$$Si_{2}$$b_{19}$ having near zero magnetostrictive. It had 12［$\mu\textrm{m}$］ of thickness, 10［mm］ of length, and 2.5［mm］ of width. Then, we measured the magnetic characteristics such as frequency dependency over impedance variation rate and position change over impedance variation. As the results of the evaluation, we found that the sample ribbons had excellent sensor characteristics. Then, we made sensors by using the sample ribbons, As the results of the measurements, it proved that the ribbon could be used as excellent magnetic sensor for which it was possible to control inprocess measurement within the tolerance range(~$\mu\textrm{m}$ ).

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.203-209
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• 2011

This study develops three new models that are practically applicable to three stages of Taguchi's robust design, which includes system design, parameter design and tolerance design. In system design, the Multiple Loss Function Analysis(MLFA) and Overall Loss Index(OLI) which reflect upon weight of characteristics and importance of specification are developed. Moreover parameter design presents Process Capability Index(PCI), $C_{PUK}$ and $C_{PLK}$, in order to segregate Signal-To-Noise Ratio(SNR) into accuracy and precision for an evaluation of relative comparison. In addition, tolerance design presents the new model of allowance computation for assembled product which is primarily derived from safety margin(SM) considering functional limit and specification. The guideline of those three new models, which include systematic charts and applicable illustrations, offers convenience for practitioners in the field. Hence, the practical applications could be made with the steps of robust designs such as system design, parameter design and specification allowance design.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.413-422
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• 2018

Soybean transgenic plants with ectopically expressed AtABF3 were produced by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and investigated the effects of AtABF3 expression on drought and salt tolerance. Stable Agrobacterium-mediated soybean transformation was carried based on the half-seed method (Paz et al. 2006). The integration of the transgene was confirmed from the genomic DNA of transformed soybean plants using PCR and the copy number of transgene was determined by Southern blotting using leaf samples from $T_2$ seedlings. In addition to genomic integration, the expression of the transgenes was analyzed by RT-PCR and most of the transgenic lines expressed the transgenes introduced. The chosen two transgenic lines (line #2 and #9) for further experiment showed the substantial drought stress tolerance by surviving even at the end of the 20-day of drought treatment. And the positive relationship between the levels of AtABF3 gene expression and drought-tolerance was confirmed by qRT-PCR and drought tolerance test. The stronger drought tolerance of transgenic lines seemed to be resulted from physiological changes. Transgenic lines #2 and #9 showed ion leakage at a significantly lower level (P < 0.01) than ${\underline{n}}on-{\underline{t}}ransgenic$ (NT) control. In addition, the chlorophyll contents of the leaves of transgenic lines were significantly higher (P < 0.01). The results indicated that their enhanced drought tolerance was due to the prevention of cell membrane damage and maintenance of chlorophyll content. Water loss by transpiration also slowly proceeded in transgenic plants. In microscopic observation, higher stomata closure was confirmed in transgenic lines. Especially, line #9 had 56% of completely closed stomata whereas only 16% were completely open. In subsequent salt tolerance test, the apparently enhanced salt tolerance of transgenic lines was measured in ion leakage rate and chlorophyll contents. Finally, the agronomic characteristics of ectopically expressed AtABF3 transgenic plants ($T_2$) compared to NT plants under regular watering (every 4 days) or low rate of watering condition (every 10 days) was investigated. When watered regularly, the plant height of drought-tolerant line (#9) was shorter than NT plants. However, under the drought condition, total seed weight of line #9 was significantly higher than in NT plants (P < 0.01). Moreover, the pods of NT plants showed severe withering, and most of the pods failed to set normal seeds. All the evidences in the study clearly suggested that overexpression of the AtABF3 gene conferred drought and salt tolerance in major crop soybean, especially under the growth condition of low watering.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.92-92
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• 1998