• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.769-773
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• 1998

Brazilin was examined for its effects on the induction of immunological tolerance. Brazilin was administered to C57BL/6 female mice for 2 consecutive days before the immunization with high dose SRBC (109 cells) which can produce immunological tolerance. Delayed type hypersensitivity, IgM plaque forming cells, ConA induced IL-2 production and mitogen- or antigen-induced proliferation of lymphocytes were measured as evaluation parameters. Administration of brazilin prior to immunization could keep the DTH and IL-2 production almost optimaly immunized levels. Brazilin also inhibited the elevation of non-specific suppressor cell activity. ConA induced proliferation of splenocytes in high dose SRBC immunized mice was significantly decreased by pretreatment of brazilin. And this might be one of the reason for augmentation of DTH by brazilin. However, IgM plaque forming cells were not affected by the treatment of brazilin. These results indicate that brazilin prevents the induction of mmunological tolerance caused by high dose SRBC by suppressing the elevation of suppressor cell activity and by inhibiting the decrease in IL-2 production in C57BL/6 female mice.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.309-315
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• 1999

Rice seedling test was conducted to check the loging tolerance at ripening stage through evaluating the root characters. Thirteen Korean and foreign rice cultivars with direct seeding adaptable or high quality characteristics were grown in a cell pot and under submerged paddy. The root characters and pushing resistance of rice hill were determined at seedling and ripening stage, respectively. The diameter of crown root at the 7th and 8th leaf stages was thicker in lodging tolerance cultivars than those of others and showed significant-positive correlation with both pushing resistance and crown root diameter of mature plants. Also, the tensile strength of crown root at the 7th and 8th leaf stage showed highly positive correlation with the tensile strength of crown root of mature plants. The number of crown root at 7th leaf stage was significant-positively correlated with that of mature plant. The diameter of seminal root was not significantly correlated with the diameter of crown root throughout the whole growth stage. These results indicate that the diameter, tensile strength and number of crown root associated with root lodging tolerance can be detected with the seedling at about 7th or 8th leaf stage, and the seedling test using the cell pot is an useful and practical method to select lodging tolerant cultivars or lines of rice based on root characters, especially diameter of crown root.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.1093-1098
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• 2004

An open reading frame encoding CadC, consisting of 526 amino acids, was identified from the upstream region of the Vibrio vulnificus cadBA operon. The deduced amino acid sequences of the cadC were 22 to 78% similar to those reported from other Enterobacteriaceae. Functions of cadC gene on acid tolerance were assessed by comparing acid tolerances of V. vulnificus and its isogenic mutant, whose cadC gene was inactivated by allelic exchanges. The results demonstrated that the gene product of cadC contributes to acid tolerance of V. vulnificus, and that its contribution is dependent on prior exposure of cells to moderately acidic pH. The cellular level of cadB and cadA transcripts decreased in the cadC mutant, indicating that CadC exerts its effect on acid tolerance of V. vulnificus by enhancing the expression of cadBA in a pH-dependent manner.

• 한국공작기계학회논문집
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2003

The experimental research was conducted to find an end mill with an ideal helix angle, which has a superior anti-vibration effect and a low machining tolerance. A conventional endmill which all low blades are $30^{\circ}$ helix angles and a different helix angle endmill which the opposite two blades are $30^{\circ}$ and the other opposites are different helix angles were studied. The cutting farce, machining tolerance and surface roughness were obtained. The AE signals appeared to have low values in up-milling rather than in down-milling. These are also appeared to have low values at low spindle revolutions rates. The cutting force values of Fxy and Fxyz were found to be increased according to the value of helix angle. In up-milling, it was difficult to find a definite tendency in machining tolerance, but in down-milling machining tolerance of the different helix angle end mill was found to be lower than that of the convention end mill. There is a definite tendency that the surface roughness gets better as the RPM increases. In down-milling, Type A($25^{\circ}$＋$30^{\circ}$) appeared to bring the most satisfactory result.

• 한국공작기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국공작기계학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.196-201
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• 2003

The experimental research was conducted to find an end mill with an ideal helix angle, which has a superior anti-vibration effect and a low machining-tolerance. A conventional endmill which all four blades are $30^\circ$ helix angles and a different helix angle endmill which the opposite two blades are $30^\circ$ and the other opposites are different helix angles were studied. The cutting force, machining tolerance and surface roughness were obtained. The AE signals appeared to have low values in up-milling rather than in down-milling. These are also appeared to have low values at low spindle revolutions rates. The cutting force values of Fxy and Fxyz were found to be increased according to the value of helix angle. In up-milling, it was difficult to find a definite tendency in machining tolerance, but in down-milling, machining tolerance of the different helix angle end mill was found to be lower than that of the convention end mill. There is a definite tendency that the surface roughness gets better as the RPM increases. In down-milling, Type $A(25^\circ+30^\circ)$ appeared to bring the most satisfactory result.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제63권4호
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• pp.314-321
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• 2018

Durum (Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum) is a major crop species cultivated for human consumption worldwide. In Tunisia, salt stress is one of the main problems that limit crop production. 'Mahmoudi' was selected as the most salt-sensitive out of 11 Tunisian durum cultivars. Using the salt-tolerant cultivar 'Om Rabia', resistant and susceptible cultivars were evaluated to compare genetic responses under salt stress. At the fully expanded third leaf stage, salt stress was applied by submerging the pots in 500 mM NaCl for 5 min every day for saline water irrigation in the greenhouse. The treatment was applied for 1 week and salt stress tolerance was determined by changes of growth parameters to the control condition. The salt tolerance trait index and salt tolerance index were calculated and used as selection criteria. The expression levels of TdHKT1;4, TdHKT1;5, and TdSOS1 were examined using qPCR. For further evaluation of physiological responses, salt stress (150 mM NaCl) was additionally applied for 48 h at the fully expanded third-leaf stage. Increased expression of the genes responsible for salt tolerance and proline content in tolerant durum can be used to broaden genetic diversity and provide genetic resources for the durum breeding program.

• 현장농수산연구지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2019

This study was carried out to establish a proper cultivation site and to diagnose the drought tolerance of Oplopanax elatus leaves by using pressure-volume curves. As a result of analysing data measured, the leaf of Oplopanax elatus showed the osmotic pressure at full turgor(Ψosat) was -0.77 MPa, and the osmotic pressure at incipient plasmolysis(Ψotlp) was -0.90 MPa. Then, the value of maximum bulk modulus of elasticity Emax was 3.7 MPa, showing that slightly lower drought tolerance of Oplopanax elatus. Furthermore, the values of relative water contents RWCtlp and RWC^* were above 80%, showing that the function of osmoregulation is somewhat better. Thus, responses to water relations such as Ψosat, Ψotlp, Emax, RWCtlp and RWC^* of Oplopanax elatus showed relatively lower drought-tolerance property indicating that those growth are appropriate in high moisture soil sites.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.91-103
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• 2014

Shirts which have been a inner-wear in men's suit in the past, are being changed into an item that 20's men utilize to their individuality. Dress shirts have gotten out of its shape, becoming tight and slim with activity and fashion trend. In this study, two patterns of fitted dress shirts in a clothing construction text book were compared with the pattern of an apparel company with regard to the size tolerance and appearance silhouette; this comparison was performed through a fitting test and an appearance evaluation. According to the study, size tolerance of chest girth and waist girth were about 6~8cm and 10~18cm, respectively. Neck girth of the collar was tight in both the fitting test and appearance evaluation. Thus, the measurement value of the neck base girth had to be used for the collar pattern making. Moreover, approximately 35cm is a moderate size for the width on the upper arm in sleeve. Therefor the factors such as size tolerance of waist girth, height of sleeve cap, slim sleeve width and measurement value of neck base girth are being considered for the pattern making of fitted dress shirts.

• 약학회지
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• 제59권3호
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• pp.127-134
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• 2015

The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation among age, symptoms and initial medication (IM), and the tolerance duration of IM in Korean people with Parkinson's disease (PD). We studied 60 patients with untreated early PD who were initially diagnosed in our hospital between Jun 2006 and Sep 2014. We collected data on sex, age at diagnosis, symptom duration until diagnosis, main motor symptoms, frequency and duration of IM through electronic medical records. We divided patients into groups depending on the number of drugs (MONO/COMBI) and whether to contain dopaminergic property (DOPA/NDOPA). We analyzed the correlation between age and symptoms in each two groups and calculated the mean tolerance duration of IM in each of the groups. The mean symptom duration until diagnosis was 12.2 months. The most frequent drug was levodopa formulations (80%) compared to dopamine agonists (58.3%). The number of patients in the COMBI group (63.3%) was more than that in the MONO group (36.7%). Half of the patients in the COMBI group were taking LDF+DA (50%). Except for tremor, no other symptom showed a significant correlation between with IM. The mean tolerance duration of IM was within 200 days. The mean duration for COMBI group (342.7 days) was longer than that for MONO group (209.8 days). Among regimens, the mean tolerance duration of DOPA group (293.3 days) was longer than for NDOPA group (251.4 days). There was no difference in survival curves between any of the two groups. We found that patients experienced symptoms for over a year in Korea. This indicates that diagnosis time is faster than reported in other previous studies. The longest tolerance duration among IM was for dopaminergic combination therapy. More research is needed to design the most appropriate treatment for PD in Korean patients.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.334-340
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• 2019

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the genetic components of daily milk yield and to re-rank bulls in South Korea by estimated breeding value (EBV) under heat stress using the temperature-humidity index (THI). Methods: This study was conducted using 125,312 monthly test-day records, collected from January 2000 to February 2017 for 19,889 Holstein cows from 647 farms in South Korea. Milk production data were collected from two agencies, the Dairy Cattle Genetic Improvement Center and the Korea Animal Improvement Association, and meteorological data were obtained from 41 regional weather stations using the Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) installed throughout South Korea. A random regression model using the THI was applied to estimate genetic parameters of heat tolerance based on the test-day records. The model included herd-year-season, calving age, and days-in-milk as fixed effects, as well as heat tolerance as an additive genetic effect, permanent environmental effect, and direct additive and permanent environmental effect. Results: Below the THI threshold (${\leq}72$; no heat stress), the variance in heat tolerance was zero. However, the heat tolerance variance began to increase as THI exceeded the threshold. The covariance between the genetic additive effect and the heat tolerance effect was -0.33. Heritability estimates of milk yield ranged from 0.111 to 0.176 (average: 0.128). Heritability decreased slightly as THI increased, and began to increase at a THI of 79. The predicted bull EBV ranking varied with THI. Conclusion: We conclude that genetic evaluation using the THI function could be useful for selecting bulls for heat tolerance in South Korea.