• 대한치과마취과학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2008

Common dental procedures (local anesthesia and dental treatment) are potentially stress-inducing in many patients, especially medically compromised patients. The body response to dental stress involves the cardiovascular system (an increase in cardiovascular workload), the respiratory organ and the endocrine system (change in metabolism). To minimize the stress to the medical risk patient, the stress reduction protocol was established. The obtained contents were as follows: (1) Recognize the patient's degree of medical risk (2) Complete medical consultation before dental therapy (3) Schedule the patient's appointment in the morning (4) Monitor and record preoperative, perioperative and postoperative vital signs (5) Use psychosedation during therapy (6) Use adequate pain control during therapy (7) Short length of appointment: do not exceed the patient's limits of tolerance (8) Follow up with postoperative pain/anxiety control (9) Telephone the higher medical risk patient later on the same day that treatment was given. This protocol is predicated on the belief that the prevention of or reduction of stress ought to begin before the start of an appointment, continue throughout treatment, and, if indicated, into the postoperative period. The authors used the stress reduction protocol in the care of local anesthesia infected teeth in medically compromised patients. The final prognosis was comfortable without any complications.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.514-518
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• 2001

We have explored the importance of two ATP binding domains of Hsp104 protein in protection of yeast cells from cadmium exposure. In the previous study we have discovered that the presence of two ATP binding sites was essential in providing heat sh ock protection as well as rescuing cells from oxidative stress. In this paper we first report wild type cell with functional hsp104 gene is more resistant to cadmium stress than hsp104-deleted mutant cell, judging from decrease in survival rates as a result of cadmium exposure. In order to demonstrate functional role of two ATP binding sites in cadmium defense, we have transformed both wild type (SP1) and hyperactivated ras mutant (IR2.5) strains with several plasmids differing in the presence of ATP binding sites. When an extra copy of functional hsp104 gene with both ATP binding sites was overexpressed with GPD-promoter, cells showed increased survival rate against cadmium stress than mutants with ATP binding sites changed. The degree of protection in the presence of two ATP binding sites was similarly observed in ira2-deleted hyperactivated ras mutant, which was more sensitive to oxidative stress than wild type cell. We have concluded that the greater sensitivity to cadmium stress in the absence of two ATP binding sites is attributed to the higher concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by cadmium exposure based on the fluorescence tests. These findings, taken all together, imply that the mechanism by which cadmium put forth toxic effects may be closely associated with the oxidative stress, which is regulated independently of the Ras-cAMP pathway. Our study provides a better understanding of cadmium defense itself and cross-talks between oxidative stress and metal stress, which can be applied to control human diseases due to similar toxic environments.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.420-429
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• 2006

곡률, 두께, 굴절률 오차와 같은 광축대칭 오차요인들 때문에 상면이 이동하는 디지털 카메라용 줌렌즈 광학계에서 보상자를 이동시켜서 상면을 고정시키는 조건을 가우스 괄호법을 이용하여 유도하였다. 그리고 줌렌즈 광학계의 일반적인 세 가지 형태(3군, 4군, 5군 줌렌즈)를 사용하여 이 조건의 타당성을 검증하였다. 이러한 줌렌즈 형태에서 각 면의 곡률, 두께, 굴절률 등을 공차 내에서 Monte Carlo 방법에 따라 임의로 변화시켰을 때, 보상자의 이동량의 분포가 정규분포를 이루는 것을 확인하였다. 그리고 이로부터 공정능력을 계산하여 보상자의 최대 이동량에서 이에 따른 불량률을 이론적으로 예측하는 방법을 제시하였다.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.50-58
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• 2018

Process Capability ($C_{pk}$) is a representative measure of how well the producer manages dispersion and bias for the specifications needed by the consumer. This is expressed as a ratio of 6 times the natural tolerance to the specification. As the producer manages the dispersion small, the capacity index becomes higher. And it is classified into 5 grades according to the degree of management. It is a measure of the quality of processes used in most industrial fields. However, $C_{pk}$ is calculated by only reflecting the mean and dispersion of the process, there is a disadvantage that it can not give information about the economic loss caused by the inconsistency of the process with the target value. Overcoming these drawbacks, process capability indexes reflecting various types of loss functions such as $C_{pm}$, $C^+_{pm}$ and $C_{pl}$ have been developed. However, all of these previous studies have applied the limit to the consumer specification, which is based on the traditional and passive quality perception that the quality characteristic should exist within the limits of the consumer specification. In this study, we will develop 'Customer Satisfaction Quality Indicator (CSQI)' which is a quantitative indicator that can be fully evaluated when the manufacturer's specification limit, which is an aggressive quality strategy, is applied. This is expected to be useful decision information for both producers and consumers.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.627-639
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• 2019

This study analyzes differences between the results of 3D direct measurements and automated measurements for Korean elderly females according to age groups, side somatotype, and BMI groups. This study compares the measurement differences of the direct and the 3D automated measurements for women between the ages of 70 to 85, according to age group, BMI group, and side somatotype. A comparison of the results of the direct measurement and the 3D automated measurements for elderly women show that a meaningful discrepancy exists for 29 items out of 33 items. Furthermore, the results of comparing the average error tolerance recommended by ISO20685 shows that 30 items out of 33 items exceeded ISO recommendations. The results of the automated measurement program shows a higher degree of accuracy for straight postures; however, this unsuitable for postures of elderly women with a changed somatotype. The analysis results of the measurement difference indicate the suitability of the automatic measurement programs is found to be high for stood postures, while problems seem to exist on several items along with an automated program is not appropriately used due to posture and part of body changes for elderly women. Therefore, it is recommended to develop an algorithm, that reflects the body changes of elderly women first and then upgrade the automated program equipped with a measurement size method. It is hoped that the study results can be utilized as base data for improving the automated measurement program.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.235-243
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• 2021

This study was conducted to investigate the growth of Dendranthema zawadskii in damaged soils when they are treated with improvement agents. The treatments consisted of a control (unamended field soil) and the application of a loess ball of 1 cm to the field soil. According to the degree of damage the de-icing agent had caused, the soils were divided into 3 areas (based on the yellowing of Pinus densiflora for. multicaulis in soil surveys): H (high saline), M (medium saline), and L (low saline). A total of six treatments were performed: D. zawadskiia plant without soil amendment (H; high saline soil, M; medium saline soil, L; low saline soil), and a D. zawadskiia plant with loess ball on the soil surface (H.L; high saline soil with loess ball, M.L; medium saline soil with loess ball, L.L; low saline soil with loess ball). The results showed that D. zawadskiia growth went from highest to lowest in the order: M.L > L.L > M > L > H.L > H. Plant growth results showed that soils treated with soil amendments (loess ball) were better for D. zawadskii growth than untreated soils.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.510-519
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• 2021

The pathological impact of haze upon the phyllosphere microbiota awaits investigation. A moderate degree of haze environment and a clean control were selected in Chengdu, China. Artemisia argyi, a ubiquitously distributed and extensively applied Chinese herb, was also chosen for experiment. Total genome DNA was extracted from leaf samples, and for metagenome sequencing, an Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform was applied. The results showed that the gene numbers of phyllosphere microbiota derived from haze leaves were lower than those of the clean control. The phyllosphere microbiota derived from both haze and clean groups shared the same top ten phyla; the abundances of Proteobacteria, Actinomycetes and Anorthococcuso of the haze group were substantially increased, while Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes decreased. At the genus level, the abundances of Nocardia, Paracoccus, Marmoricola and Knoelia from haze leaves were markedly increased, while the yeasts were statistically decreased. KEGG retrieval demonstrated that the functional genes were most annotated to metabolism. An interesting find of this work is that the phyllosphere microbiota responsible for the synthesis of primary and secondary metabolites in A. argyi were significantly increased under a haze environment. Relatively enriched genes annotated by eggNOG belong to replication, recombination and repair, and genes classified into the glycoside hydrolase and glycosyltransferase enzymes were significantly increased. In summary, we found that both structure and function of phyllosphere microbiota are globally impacted by haze, while primary and secondary metabolites responsible for haze tolerance were considerably increased. These results suggest an adaptive strategy of plants for tolerating and confronting haze damage.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 3th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.1183-1188
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• 2009

Estimating project costs during the early stage of conceptual planning is very important when deciding whether to approve the project and allocate an appropriate budget. However, due to greater uncertainties involved in a project, it is challenging to estimate costs during this initial stage within a reasonable tolerance. This paper attempts to develop a cost-estimate model for public road projects under these circumstances and limitations. In the conceptual planning stage of a road project, there is only limited information for cost estimation, for example, such input data as total length of the route, origin and destination, number of lanes, general geographic characteristics of the route, and other basic attributes. This implies that the model should individuate suitable but restricted information without considering detailed features such as quantity of earthwork and a detailed route of a given condition. With these limited facts, this paper applies a case-based reasoning (CBR) method to solve a new problem by deriving similar past problems, which in turn is used to estimate the cost of a given project based on best-fitted previous cases. To develop a CBR cost-estimate model, the authors classified 8 representative variables, including project type, the number of lanes, total length, road design grades, etc. Then, we developed the CBR model, primarily by using 180 actual cases of public road projects, procured over the last decade. With the CBR model, it was found that the degree of error in estimation can be reasonably reduced, to below approximately 30% compared to the final costs estimated upon the completion of detailed design.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.59-64
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• 2012

Welding is an essential process in the automotive industry. Most welding processes that are used for auto body are spot welding and $CO_2$ welding are used in a small part. In production field, $CO_2$ welding process is decreased and spot welding process is increased due to welding quality is poor and defects are occurred in $CO_2$ welding process frequently. But $CO_2$ welding process should be used at robot interference parts and closed parts where spot welding couldn't. Because of the 0.65mm ~ 2.0mm thickness steel sheet were used in the automotive industry, poor quality of welding area such as burn through and under fill were happened frequently in $CO_2$ process. In this paper, we will study about the penetration depth which gives a huge impact on burn through changing a degree of base metal, welding position and torch angle. Voltage, current and welding speed were fixed but degree of base metal, welding position and torch angle were changed. And Cold- Rolled(CR) steel sheet was used. Penetration depth was analysed by multiple regression analysis to derive approximate calculations. And reliability of approximate calculations were confirmed through additional experiments. As the results of this research, we confirmed the effect of torch and plate angle to bead shape. And we present a possibility that can simulate more accurate to weld geometry, as deduced the verification equations that has tolerance of less than 21.69%.

• 정보처리학회논문지D
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• 제13D권6호
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• pp.823-832
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• 2006

소프트웨어(SW) 복제도 감정의 목적은 두 프로그램 사이의 동일 또는 유사성 정도를 판단하는 것으로, 컴퓨터프로그림 저작권 관련 분쟁해결의 주요한 기술적 판단근거를 제시하는 제도라 할 수 있다. SW감정을 진행함에 있어서 중요한 점은 감정인의 주관적 판단에 편중되지 않도록 하고, 신속 객관적인 감정의 수행으로 정확한 감정결과를 도출해내는 것이다. 그러나 현재까지 체계적인 감정기법의 표준화 연구 및 개발은 미비한 상태이며, SW감정 분야별(유형별) 감정기법 조차 전문 감정인들에 따라 그 접근방법이 천차만별이어서 뚜렷한 표준안이 제시되지 못하고 있다. 또한, 기 수행되었던 감정사례에 대한 실증적 분석 결과, 기존 감정 절차 및 기법의 오류 또는 감정인의 전문지식 결여 등의 문제가 잠재하여 일부 감정결과에 대한 객관성 및 정확성에 손상이 있음을 알 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 감정인에 따라 동일한 평가 항목에 대하여 서로 다른 결과가 도출될 수 있는 오차의 허용치를 감소시키기 위한 객관적인 평가 방법과 정형화된 SW복제도 감정기법의 표준화 모델을 제시한다. 특히, 기존 감정기법의 문제점 해결 및 보완 연구를 기반으로 감정범위의 설정, 감정기준 및 방법, 단위작업 프로세스 기준의 감정영역 및 감정항목 설정, 가중치 부여, 논리적 복제도와 물리적 복제도 산출 등에 초점을 맞추어 감정기법을 분석 평가한다. 따라서 SW복제도 감정 기법의 표준화 모델은 감정인의 주관적 판단에 의한 오류의 가능성을 최소화하고, 감정결과의 객관성 및 신뢰성을 한층 제고하기 위한 도구를 제공할 것이다.