• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.149-172
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• 2024

Purpose: By empirically analyzing factors that affect the intention to introduce RPA, we aim to increase understanding of RPA introduction in small and medium-sized businesses and contribute to establishing an effective introduction strategy. The aim is to improve the company's productivity, reduce costs, and strengthen its competitiveness. It also provides policy recommendations for the introduction of RPA. Methods: A survey was conducted to examine whether the technical, organizational, and environmental factors of the TOE framework had an impact on the intention to adopt RPA. We also used stepwise regression analysis to determine whether firm size moderates this relationship. Results: Technical factors, organizational factors, and environmental factors were all found to have a significant impact on small and medium-sized enterprises' intention to adopt RPA. It was confirmed that company size has a moderating effect affecting the intention to adopt RPA. In particular, customer pressure, relative advantage, competitive pressure, age, government support, and the perceived ease of use of RPA was a key determinant of its adoption by small and medium-sized enterprises. Conclusion: This suggests that small and medium-sized businesses should comprehensively consider technical, organizational, and environmental factors when introducing RPA. It is expected to increase understanding of RPA introduction in small and medium-sized businesses, contribute to establishing effective introduction strategies, and contribute to improving company productivity, reducing costs, and strengthening competitiveness.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.107-118
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• 2006

Recently, Korean's 3-D foot data have been extensively collected through 5th national anthropometric survey known as 'Size Korea'. In this study, Korean foot shape was investigated and subsequently classified, based on the existing standard for foot shaping. This study analyzed and categorized Korean foot shapes through the following methods. Although the data used in this study were limited to those of Korean adults, major factors affecting the foot shape were deduced and then categorically grouped by the multivariate statistical analysis. For those whose age ranged from 14 to 70, major factors affecting the foot shape for the male were related to foot breadth, ankle thickness, 1st toe shape, malleolus height, heel to top of the foot length, the ratio between toe-side and heel-side and 5th toe shape. For the female, the ball of foot height was added to the above factors. From the factors extracted, the Korean foot shape was categorized into three groups for the male and four groups for the female. They were the ladder type, the inverted triangle type and the square type. For the female, the triangular type was added to the three types. These findings will serve as useful information for the footwear production industry in Korea.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.315-323
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• 2016

The present study is intended to study sole types necessary for shoe designs for elementary school students that are in age groups in growth periods, and 3D midsole design utilizing 3D printing technology. This study analyzed data from the 3D measurement of the feet of 1,227 elementary school students aged 7-13 years residing in the capital region conducted as part of the 6th Anthropometry of Size Korea. In addition, 3D midsoles by sole type were designed utilizing a Rhino CAD, and midsole prototypes were output utilizing a Zortrax-M200 3D Printer. Through a cluster analysis of sole shapes by type, sole shapes were classified into three types. Type 1 has small values of foot lengths and foot breadths, with large toe 1 angles and high arch heights. Type 2 has intermediate values of foot lengths and foot breadths, with small toe 1 angles and high arch heights. Type 3 has large values of foot lengths and foot breadths with small toe 1 angles and low arch heights. On reviewing the results of design of 3D midsoles by sole type, it can be seen that the midsoles were designed according to characteristics by sole type. The results of the sole type analysis in the present study are expected to be meaningful as basic data for the development of shoe insoles for elementary school students.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.262-267
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• 2005

Epidural block under general anesthesia has been widely used to control postoperative pain. In this anesthetic state many hemodynamic parameters are changed. Moreover pulse transit time is influenced by this memodynamic change. m change in the finger and the toe due to relaxation of arterial wall muscle after general anesthesia and epidural block under general anesthesia. This study, in the both general anesthesia and epidural block under general anesthesia, ${\Delta}PTT$ of the toe and of the finger are measured. In addition, ${\Delta}PTT$(toe-finger) of the epidural block under general anesthesia and of the general anesthesia were compared.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.80-88
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• 2000

This paper presents a method to optimize the bump steer characteristics (the change of toe angle with vertical wheel travel) with respect to hard points in the double wishbone front suspension of the four-wheel-drive vehicle using the design of experiment, multibody dynamics simulation, and optimum design program. Front and rear suspensions are modeled as the interconnection of rigid bodies by kinematic joints and force elements using DADS. The design variables with respect to the kinematic characteristics are obtained through the experimental design sensitivity analysis. An object function is defined as the area of absolute differences between the desired and experimental toe angle. By the design of experiment and regression analysis, the regression model function of bump steer characteristics is extracted. The design variables that make the toe angle optimized are selected using the optimum design program DOT. The lane change simulations and tests of the full vehicle models are implemented to evaluate the improvement of vehicle handling performances by the optimization of front bump steer characteristics. The results of the lane change simulations show that the vehicle with optimized bump steer has the weaker understeer tendency than the vehicle with initial bump steer.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.204-207
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• 2004

An unstable second metatarsophalangeal joint may produce pain in the forefoot. Plication of stretched lateral ligament and capsule and transfer of the extensor digitorum brevis under the transverse intermetatarsal ligament performed as the primary procedure to stabilize this painful joint. But the pain was not subsided and the proximal phalanx was resubluxated. So, we osteotomized the second metatarsal to restore a normal alignment of the second toe. Then the symptom was subsided. We report a case of painful instability of the metatarsophalangeal joint of the second toe.

• Journal of KSNVE
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.769-777
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• 1999

Research on vibration of a vehicle with a transversely mounted 4-cylinder engine was performed using a vector synthesis method, Data of the engine vibration for the vector synthesis method was obtained experimentally and the data was ODS-fitted to calculate vibration level on any engine location assuming that the engine is rigid body in the frequency range of interest. In order to derive the excitation force on the vehicle body, the displacements were converted from the acceleration of engine. The transfer functions from engine mounts to toe pan on the floor were obtained experimentally. The vibration level on the toe pan was predicted by multiplying the excitation force by the transfer function. The predicted vibration level was compared with experimental data and the result was reasonable. Using the developed method, analysis was made for the effect of body fixture conditions of the vehicle when testing the engine vibration and for the effect of the transfer functions when the engine is installed or when the engine is removed. Finally the degree of contribution for 12 transfer paths was calculated.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.42-47
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• 2006

While it is known that the weld toe grinding method may give 3.4 times of fatigue strength improvement, this improvement may significantly vary according to weld bead shapes and loading modes. Although tremendous interest have been given in improving fatigue strength improvement for ship structures, quantitative results are yet in need. In this context, a series of fatigue tests is carried out for a type of test specimen that are typically found in ship structures. Weld burr grinding is carried out using a electric grinder in order to remove surface defects and improve the weld bead profile. The test results are compared with the same type of test specimen without applying the fatigue improvement technique in order to obtain a quantitative measure of the fatigue strength improvement. On the other hand, both hot spot stress and structural stress methods are employed to compare the effectiveness of the two methods in evaluating the fatigue strength improvement of welded structures.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2008.03a
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• pp.842-847
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• 2008

Despite of the increasing number of the application of the drilled shaft pile in construction site, most of the study of pile capacity has been centered side shear resistance. But it is common that the drilled shaft is socketed on the rock so as to use the bearing resistance, so prediction of the toe's movement and characteristic of the bearing capacity is important as the side shear resistance. Therefore the model tests were performed in order to study the characteristic of bearing capacity on rock mass. The material of the test blocks were the mortar which was mixed with sand, cement and water, and test block size was $240{\times}240{\times}240mm$. Load was pressed by the 45mm of diameter of miniaturized pile and plate jack and steal plate were used to the confined stress for representing the underground condition. The relation of load-displacement was measured in many different conditions of rock mass such as direction of discontinuities, spacing and strength, and q-w curves of the toe of the pile were verified in each condition.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.117-120
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• 2002

We experienced 1 case of the giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath penetrating the middle phalanx of the third toe. Patient had painless huge mass all around the third phalanx of the foot which made a penetrating hole through the middle phalanx of the third toe in plain radiography. The period from the onset of the symptom until operation was about several years. The mass extended to the base of the distal phalanx and compressed digital nerves and vessels. Patient presented with a chief complaint of the pain on the plantar aspect of the toe and limitation of the motion of the distal interphalangeal joint. Giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath was cured by total en block resection.