• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.163-169
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• 1981

In order to clarify the biological effects of chemical mutagen, ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS), in M, seedling(Ponax ginseng C. A. Meyer) . the dehiscent seeds of ginseng were treated with EMS for 12 hours at 20t and Post-washed for 24 to 72 hours. The differences of biological injuries in M, generation due to the concentration of EMS were quite obvious in rate and date of germination, stem length, stem diameter, leaf length, leaf width, root length, root diameter, and root weight . Especially, the seeds treated with the high concentration of EMS , above 0.8%, were not germinated The growth injury was directly proportional to the concentration of EMS but not relative to the post-washing time of afire 25 hours. The useful range of EMS concentration and post-washing time in ginseng seeds were 0.4 % - 0.6% and above 24 hours, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.18-23
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• 1997

The study was carried out to clarify reasonable production of healthy seedling, optimal Pot depth, and appropriate transplanting time, which can be deduced from understanding of seedling quality. Seedling quality results from growth of root and shoot, morphology and distribution of root system under influence of Pot depth during seedling growing period. Stem height, shoot dry weight, leaf area and leaf number were increased in proportion to depth of pots. Growth of shoot and root during seedling growing period showed the most dramatic development between 20th and 25th day after temporary planting. Root number increased as pot depth decrease and total root length and dry weight increased as pot depth increase. In 5cm pot, relative multiplication rate was higher and mean extension rate was lower than other depth of Pot. The limitation of pot volume in which rhizosphere was located enhance the development of roots of second and third order. At 20th days after temporary Planting root distribution was relatively uniform in length and development of adventitious root on stem base was poor as Pot depth decreased.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 2006

In order to improve the final product quality, tobacco industry has gradually decreased the size and number of steams in the cigarette. Especially, steams bigger than $3{\times}3$ mm($length{\times}thickness$) and $2{\times}10$ mm($width{\times}length$) are not acceptable in the process as objectionable stems. A total number of 12 samples where the $length{\times}tickness$ samples were prepared by decreasing the present sample ($3{\times}3$ mm) with 1 mm up to $1{\times}1$ mm, and the $width{\times}length$ samples were prepared by decreasing the present sample ($2{\times}10$ mm) with 2 mm up to $2{\times}6$ mm for the stems in leaf and stems in expanded cut-tobacco were prepared to apply a fire ball drop test using stems. In addition, cigarettes were produced for these stems in order to analyze the forced fire ball drop including the burning, encapsulation and unencapsulation pressure drop and a single or unspecified direction combustion. Based on the results of the test, it was evident that the fire ball drop in the stems in expanded cut-tobacco presented a lower level than that of the stems in leaf. Also, the stems in expanded cut-tobacco presented a larger swelling and higher burning for a single direction than that of the stem in leaf. In addition, it was considered that the management criteria for objectionable stems should be changed as $3{\times}3$ mm and $2{\times}8$ mm for the $length{\times}thickness$ and $width{\times}length$ sample, respectively, in both steams in leaf and expanded cut-tobacco.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.3-8
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• 1986

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of different soil moisture contents on the growth and chemical constituents of burley tobacco and on the protein pattern in tobacco leaf. Height, stem diameter, and largest leaf length of tobacco droughted from 45 to 60 days after transplanting was not recovered by rewatered amount of water supply from 60 to 75 days after transplanting, but leaf width enlarged. Dry weight per unit leaf area and total nitrogen content showed high values in low soil moisture, but total alkaloid contents were not different according to soil moisture contents. Soil moisture content didn't effect on the protein pattern of middle and upper leaves, but lower leaves showed the mild color and fewer numbers of the protein bands than those of midd1e and upper leaves.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.25-32
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• 1983

To obtain basic information on the breeding of burley tobacco, classification of 41 varieties was carried out by using the cluster analysis of correlation coefficients and taxonomic distance based on twenty-one agromonic characters. Eight characters, such as days to flowering, length of flower axis, internode length, leaf length, yield, leaf angle to stem, vein angle to midrib and plant height, were useful in monothetic classification. Forty-one varieties were classified into four groups (I, II, III and IV) with weighted variable group method (WVGM ) and weighted jai. group method(WPGM), whereas the results classification of 33 varieties among them by WVGM were coincident with the results by WPGM. As for the characteristics of each group, group I related to late maturity, tall height and high yield, group II related to intermediate maturity, tall height and low yield, group 19 related to early maturity, intermediate height and low yield, and group W related to early maturity, short height and intermediate yield.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.3-6
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• 1985

The typical dark brown stripe symptom of bacterial wilt disease was observed in the cuttings of tobacco stem treated with the culture filtrate of virulent Pseudomonas solanaceamm. And the tobacco callus create.4 with that culture filtrate showed deterioration of the callus 2 days after the treatment. On the contrary, the cuttings and the callus treated with the culture filtrate of the avirulent bacteria expressed no typical symptom and vigorous growth respectively. Therefore it was suggested that certain toxin which might be produced by the virulent bacteria could break down tobacco cells.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.76-83
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• 2000

This study was carried out to predict blending ratio of cut tobacco(CT), expanded stem(ES), and expanded cut tobacco(ECT) in cigarettes. CT, ES, and ECT samples from A brand were, ground and blended with reference to A blending ratio, and scanned by near infrared spectroscopy(NIRSystem Co., Model 6500). Calibration equations were developed and then determined blending ratio by NIRS. The standard error of calibration(SEC) and performance(SEP) of C factory samples between NIRS and known blending ratio were 0.97%, 1.93% for CT, 0.50%, 1.12 % for ES and 0.68%, 1.10% for ECT, respectively. The SEP of CT, ES and ECT of Band D factory samples determined by C factory calibration equation were more inaccurate than those of C factory samples determined by C factory calibration equations. These results were caused by the difference of CT, ES and ECT spectra followed by each factory. The SEP of CT, ES and ECT of Band D factories determined by calibration equations derived from each factory samples were more accurate than those of determined by calibration equation derived from C factory samples. Each factory SEP of CT, ES and ECT determined by calibration equation derived from all calibration samples(B+C+D factory) was similar to that determined by calibration equation derived from each factory samples. To improve the analytical inaccuracy caused by spectra difference, we need to apply a specific calibration equation for each factory sample. Data in development of specific calibrations between sample and NIRS spectra might supply a method for rapid determination of blending ratio of CT, ES, and ECT.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.122-125
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• 1992

The essential oils from whole plant, flower, seed, stem and leaves of domestic chamomile were extracted by simultaneous distillation-extraction and analyzed by GC/ MSD/IRD and retention index matching. The experimental results revealed the presence of over 31 volatile components. Major components were chamazulene, bisabolol, bisabolol oxide A, B. The contents of these major components which possess the pharmacological effects were found to be flower(75.1%), seed(76.6%), stem and leaves(10.09%), whole plant (48.9%), respectively, in domestic chamoile oil, whereas found to be flower(49.2%) in foreign chamomile oil. These results suggest that the usefulness of domestic chamomile is promising because of high contents of these four major components which posses pharmacological effects.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.95-102
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• 2001

This study was conducted to obtain the basic information for breeding of burley(N. tabacum cv. burley) and sun-cured tobacco(N. tabacum cv. sun-cured) variety. Two burley(Burley 21, KB 108), and T.I. 1068 and three sun-cured varieties(Yeonbyeon 3, Jaheungyeon and Jaraehong) were diallel crossed and 15 combinations of F$_1$generations were made in 1998, respectively. Six parental varieties, 15 F$_1$s were grown under the complete randomized block design with 3 replications at Chonju Experiment Station, Korea Ginseng & Tobacco Research Institute in 2000. The data of 12 quantitative characters were measured for degree of heterosis. The results obtained are as follows. Heterosis of F$_1$generation was positive in weight per leaf, plant height, stem diameter, yield, leaf length and total alkaloid content. Cross combinations between either Burley 21 or KB 108 and sun-cured varieties showed comparatively high heterosis in each characters.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.69-73
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• 2000

In order to understand the biological role of calmodulin in plants, transgenic plants expressing a mutant calmodulin (VU-4, Iys to ile-115) have been analyzed. We found that tobacco plants expressing VU-4 calmodulin have approximately twofold higher $\gamma$-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels than the control plants. Cell suspension cultures established from the stem explants of the transgenic tobacco seedlings also have higher levels of GABA than the control cell cultures. Specific activity of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD), which catalyzes the decarboxylation of glutamate to $CO_2$ and GABA, of the transgenic tobacco cell extracts was about twofold higher than the activity of the control cell extracts. Western-blot analysis showed that the GAD is highly expressed in the transgenic tobacco plants. GAD partially purified from tobacco cell extracts showed approximately threefold $Ca^{2+}$/calmodulin-dependent activation. These data suggest that GABA synthesis in the transgenic tobacco plants is elevated, possibly due to higher levels of the calmodulin-dependent GAD enzyme and/or as a result of enhanced activation due to increased levels of the foreign calmodulin.