• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.87-94
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• 2003

Recently, many researches for plant alkaloids, one of the largest groups of natural products, are reported because of their various pharmacological activity. This study was carried out to clone putrescine N-methyltransferase (PMT) gene which is a key enzyme in diverting polyamine metabolism towards the biosynthesis of nicotine and related alkaloids from Burley tobacco. To induce expression of PMT gene in tobacco plant, the floral meristem was removed and then mRNA was purified from root. cDNA encoding PMT gene was isolated by RT PCR and cloned. Three different groups of clones were screened by PCR and restriction enzyme digestion analysis and were characterized. The data of these screening revealed that three types of PMT are present in Burley tobacco. Comparison of the nucleotide sequence of this three genes encoding putative PMT with those of other tobaccos revealed that two types of PMT are newly discovered from Nicotiana tabacum cv. Br21 tobacco and they were same as PMT2, PMT3 of N. tabacum cv. Xanthi.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.287-298
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• 1987

The regenerative capacities of protoplasts isolated from potato (Solamum tuberosum L.) tubers and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) mesophyll tissues were examined, and then their intergeneric protoplast fusion was carried out. The potato tuber-derived protoplasts proliferated into the calli some of which showed rudimentary shoot-like structures, which had not been attempted before from tubers, while the tobacco protoplasts were regenerated into the whole plants. Intergeneric protoplast fusion between potato and tobacco was carried out and the heteroplasmic fusion products were formed. The first cell division of some of them was observed after 5 days of culture.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.131-136
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• 1988

The mutagenicity of pyrolyzates (at 30$0^{\circ}C$, $600^{\circ}C$ and 75$0^{\circ}C$) prepared from three kinds of Maillard reaction Products, KG-19, KG-24 and KG-32, and that of the tar of cigarettes added these products were determined by using Salmonella typhimurium TA 98. The pyrolyzates of Maillard reaction products showed linear increases of revertant colonies according to the increase of pyrolysis temperature and dose of pyrolyzates, respectively. However, there was no difference in revertant colonies between the tar of cigarettes containing these products and those containing imported Maillard reaction products, or not containing any reaction product. It seems due to a little amount of these products added to the cigarettes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.67-75
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• 1990

The pyrolytlc behavior of cocoa powder, a flavorant of tobacco smoking products, was examined by determining its pyrolyzate constituents. Cocoa powder was pyrolyzed of two cigarette smoking conditions'distillation-pyrolysis zone(35$0^{\circ}C$, 55$0^{\circ}C$) and high temperature zone($650^{\circ}C$, 85$0^{\circ}C$). Pyrolyzate was flushed from the tube by NB gas into CS2 trap in dry ice-acetone cooled bath and charcoal tube and its constituents were analyzed by GC/MS. As results, the major components of pyrolyzates were identified as hydrocarbon and phenolic compounds. In addition to these, aldehyde, ketone, pyrazin in very small amount. Component changes were observed with temperature increase; decane, styrene, tridecane, m-cresol,4-ethylphenol were increased while hexadecane, tetradecane were decreased. o-cresol and 2-ethylphenol were constant in amounts despite temperature change.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.3299-3304
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• 2013

Background: The Global Adult Tobacco Survey has 15 key indicators, cigarettes smoked per day (CPD) among daily smokers being one of them. The first wave of GATS in 14 countries indicated that mean CPD use is higher in women than men in India only, which is contrary to the current understanding of tobacco use globally. This study was undertaken to understand the unusual findings for mean CPD use in the GATS-India survey. Materials and Methods: Items B06a and B06b of the GATS India survey questionnaire that collected information on daily consumption of manufactured and rolled cigarettes were analyzed using SPSS software. Exclusive users were identified from these items after excluding the concurrent users of other tobacco products. Cigarette type, exclusive use and gender stratified analyses were made. Consumption of different types of cigarettes among the mixed users of manufactured and rolled cigarettes were correlated. Results: Higher mean number of CPD use among male daily-smokers was observed than their female counterparts in product specific analysis. Mean CPD as per GATS cigarette definition was higher in males than females for exclusive users but a reverse trend was observed in case of non-exclusive users. Use of manufactured cigarettes increased with increase in use of rolled cigarette among the mixed users and around half of these users reported equal CPD frequency for the both types of cigarettes. Conclusions: The anomaly in mean CPD estimate in GATS-India data was due to inclusion of two heterogeneous products to define cigarettes, variation in cigarette product specific user proportions contributing to the average and non-exclusive concurrent use of other tobacco products. The consumption pattern of cigarettes among the mixed users highlights bias in CPD reporting. Definition, analysis and interpretation of 'cigarettes per day' in the GATS India survey need to be improved by redefining cigarettes and making product specific analyses.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.317-338
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• 2011

The World Health Organization (WHO) tries to accomplish the goal of 'smoke free society', and developed countries regard the nicotine as an addictive drug. In order to better protect human health, all parties are required to adopt and implement effective legislative, executive, administrative or other measures for tobacco control in accordance with Article 4 the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC). In order to achieve the objective of the FCTC and its protocols and to implement its provisions, Korea need to take an attention on the U.S. Family Smoking Prevention And Tobacco Control Act of 2009 and Final Rule. It is need to integrate and centralize of tobacco safety administration and smoking prevention for the national health promotion.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.71-81
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• 2016

Objectives: Tobacco marketing encourages smoking initiation of non-smokers, especially adolescents, and it hinders quit intention of those who smoke or who attempt to quit smoking. Article 13 of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control(WHO FCTC) requests a comprehensive ban on tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship(TAPS). Ratified the Convention in 2005, Korea has partially implemented the provisions. However, online marketing regulations are still insufficient. Methods: Based on relevant national and international regulations, this research designed monitoring mechanism for online tobacco marketing and studied 1,404 websites to identify current situation of online sales and advertisement of tobacco in Korea. Results: This study found that online trade of tobacco products are overtly conducted, while tobacco advertising with flavoring and misleading descriptors are also prevalent. Also, online tobacco marketing facilitate adolescents' access to tobacco product and that advertising and promotion activities lead to tobacco purchase without difficulties. Conclusions: Fundamental solution to prevent online tobacco advertisement and promotion is banning online sales of tobacco and conducting a regular monitoring for compliance. Korean government should consider establishing an official surveillance system for online tobacco advertisement, followed by a comprehensive ban on TAPS to fulfill its obligation as a Party to the FCTC.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.84-95
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• 2000

Panax ginseng and the herbal medicinal mixtures containing ginseng have been widely used as a traditional medicinal prescriptions. In order to develop more efficient and protective prescriptions on seizures and subsequent memory deterioration, we investigated the biochemical and ethopharmacological effects of ginsenosides and fractions from the natural medicinal plant products related to control convulsions. In this studies we show results improving spatial teaming and memory deficits induced by kainic acid, a potent neurotoxic and neuroexcitatory analogue of the amino acid neurotransmitter glutamate.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.11-19
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• 2016

Objectives: FCTC is the first international convention in public health field. Global progress report is about the implementations of the FCTC that are conducted with comparison and analysis for recent trend of tobacco control policies and convention performances on the global level. Methods: By conducting literature review related to tobacco control, expecially through reviewing Implementation of the WHO FCTC GPR(2014), this report compared and analyzed Korea's status of tobacco control based on tobacco control policy in every member state. Results: As a result of the comparison of FCTC to Korea's tobacco control policy, for the first, the most outstanding article that has been peformed continuously is Article 8, 12, 14. Secondly, the policy that has been partially renovated and reinforced is Article 6, 9, 10, 11, and for the last, the policy that has no progress and needs improvement is Article 13. Conclusions: For improvement in Korea's tobacco control policy in the future, first, betterment in policies on categories about advertisements, promotions, sponsorships on tobacco products that passed FCTC commitment period is required along with the modifications of FCTC related laws and reinforcement of the policies, and development of national core competence for an effective implementation of the convention.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.189-194
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• 2005

The morphological properties of various structure materials of domestic and foreign reconstituted tobacco products(RTP) were investigated by using the Bauer-McNett classifier and the image analyzer. The results of the fiber classification showed the fraction of the bigger size structure materials was larger in a domestic RTP than that in two foreign RTPs. In case of fine fraction, the domestic RTP had bigger fine fraction than two foreign RTPs. Images of each structure materials showed the scrap in the foreign RTPs kept the original shape which were rare in the domestic RTP fractions. Those results deduced that the raw materials in a foreign RTP process might be treated separately depending on the mechanical and morphological properties, which could reduce the amount of fine generation and increase the efficiency in raw material treatment.