• 대한화학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.179-186
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• 2002

$TiO_2$(110) 표면에서 물의 OH 결합 활성화가 어떤지 전자적 메카니즘에 의해 이루어지는 extended Hiickel 방법을 통해 알아보았다. 물분자는 $3a_1$오비탈의 시그마 상호작용 겨로가로 5배위 $Ti^{4+}$원자바로위에 수직으로 흡착한다. 이 결합구조에서는 물분자의 H원자가 $TiO_2$의 2배위 bridging $O^{2-}(O_b)$원자와 너무 멀리 떨어져 있으므로 OH 결합 해리를 촉진시키는 수소결합 상호 작용을 할 수 없으므로 물분자를 $O_b$ 원자쪽으로 기울여 수소결합이 형성되도록 한다. 이 경우 $O_b$ P 오비탈로부터 흡착 물분자의 LUMO $2b_1$반 결합성 오비탈로 전자밀도의 이동이 일어나고 또 물의 $3a_1$오비탈(약한 결합성)로부터 $Ti^{4+} 3d_{z2}$오비탈로 전자밀도의 이동이 일어남으로써 물의 OH 결합이 상당히 약화됨을 확인할 수 있었고 그 결과 OH와 H로 해리할 것이라는 해석이 가능하다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.42-50
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• 2009

유전율-분광법과 교류 전도도 측정 연구를 망간이 혼입된 층상구조의 $Na_{1.9}Li_{0.1}Ti_3O_7$에 시도하였다. 373-723K 온도와 100Hz-1MHz 주파수 영역에서 loss 탄젠트 (Tan$\delta$), 상대적 유전율 ($\varepsilon_{r}$) 그리고 교류 전도 도 ($\sigma_{ac}$)의 의존성을 혼입 유도체들에 대하여 조사하였다. 다양한 전도도 메커니즘이 존재하는데 MSLT-1과 MSLT-2의 경우에는 낮은 온도영역에서 전자에 의한 전도도를 보인다. MSLT-3의 경우에는 금지된 층간 이온 전 도도가 전자 전도도와 함께 존재한다. 이러한 층간 이온 전도도는 모든 혼입 유도체들에 대하여 중간 온도 영역에 존재한다. 가장 높은 온도 영역에서는 MSLT-1과 MSLT-2의 경우에는 이온 전도도와 polaron에 의한 전도도가 존재하고 MSLT-3에 대하여는 이온 전도도 만이 존재한다. 망간이 혼입된 층상구조의 $Na_{1.9}Li_{0.1}Ti_3O_7$에서 Loss 탄젠트 (Tan$\delta$)는 전자 전도도와 쌍극자의 위치, 그리고 공간 전하 분극화에 기인한다. 상대적 유전율의 증가는 층간 에 쌍극자 수의 증가에 기인하고 반면 상대적 유전율의 감소는 높은 혼입율에 따른 누전 전류의 증가에 기인한다.

• 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국재료학회 2009년도 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.41.1-41.1
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• 2009

Aerosol Deposition (AD) is anovel way to fabricate bioactive ceramic coatings in biomedical implants and prostheses applications. In the present work, silicon-substituted hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings on commercially pure titanium were prepared by aerosol deposition using Si-HA powders. The incorporation of silicon in the HA lattice is known to improve the bioactivity of the HA, makingsilicon-substitute HA an attractive alternative to pure HA in biomedical applications. Si-HA powders with the chemical formula $Ca_{10}(PO_4)_6-x(SiO_4)x(OH)_2-x$, having silicon contents up to x=0.5 (1.4 wt%), were synthesized by solid-state reaction of $Ca_2P_2O_7$, $CaCO_3$, and $SiO_2$. The Si-HA powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR). The corresponding coatings were also analyzed by XRD, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA). The results revealed that a single-phase Si-HA was obtained without any secondary phases such as $\alpha$- or $\beta$-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) for both the powders and the coatings.The Si-HA coating was about $5\;{\mu}m$ thick, had a densemicrostructure with no cracks or pores. In addition, the proliferation and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast cells grown on the Si-HA coatings were significantly higher than those on the bare Ti and pure HA coating. These results revealed the stimulatory effects induced by siliconsubstitution on the cellular response to the HA coating.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.52-59
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• 2008

The geometric design of an implant surface may play an important role in affecting early osseointegration. It is well known that the porous surfaced implant had much benefits for the osseointegration and the early stability of implant. However, the porous surfaced implant had weakness from the transgingival contamitants, and it resulted in alveolar bone loss. The other problem identified with porous surface implant is the loss of physical properties resulting from the bead sintering process. In this study, we developed the new bead coating implant to overcome the disadvantages of porous surfaced implant. Ti-6Al-4V beads were supplied from STARMET (USA). The beads were prepared by a plasma rotating electrode process (PREP) and had a nearly spherical shape with a diameter of 75-150 ${\mu}m$. Two types of titanium implants were supplied by KJ Meditech (Korea). One is an external hexa system (External type) and the other is an internal system with threads (Internal type). The implants were pasted with beads using polyvinylalcohol solution as a binder, and then sintered at 1250 $^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours in vacuum of $10^{-5}$ torr. The resulting porous structure was 400-500 ${\mu}m$ thick and consisted of three to four bead layers bonded to each other and the implant. The pore size was in the range of 50-150 ${\mu}m$ and the porosity was 30-40 % in volume. The aim of this study was to evaluate the osseointegration of the newly developed dental implant. The experimental implants (n=16) were inserted in the unilateral femur of 4 mongrel dogs. All animals were killed at 8 weeks after implantation, and samples were harvested for hitological examination. All bead coated porous implants were successfully osseointegrated with peripheral bone. The average bone-implant contact ratios were 84.6 % (External type) and 81.5 % (Internal type). In the modified Goldner's trichrome staining, new generated mature bones were observed at the implant interface at 8 weeks after implantation. Although, further studies are required, we could conclude that the newly developed vacuum sintered Ti-6Al-4V bead coating implant was strong enough to resist the implant insertion force, and it was easily osseointegrated with peripheral bone.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제38권
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• pp.16.1-16.9
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• 2016

Background: The association of biomaterial combined with repair factor-like platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has prospective values. Bovine-derived xenograft has been identified as an osteoconductive and biocompatible grafting material that provides osseointegration ability. PRP has become a valuable adjunctive agent to promote healing in a lot of dental and oral surgery procedures. However, there are controversies with respect to the regenerative capacity of PRP and the real benefits of its use in bone grafts. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of PRP combined with xenograft for the repair of peri-implant bone defects. Methods: Twelve rabbits were used in this study, and the experimental surgery with implant installation was performed simultaneously. Autologous PRP was prepared before the surgical procedure. An intrabony defect (7.0 mm in diameter and 3.0 mm deep) was created in the tibia of each rabbit; then, 24 titanium dental implants (3.0 mm in diameter and 8.5 mm long) were inserted into these osteotomy sites. Thus, a standardized gap (4.0 mm) was established between the surrounding bony walls and the implant surface. The gaps were treated with either xenograft alone (control group) or xenograft combined with PRP (experimental group). After healing for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 weeks, the rabbits were sacrificed with an overdose of KCl solution. Two rabbits were killed at each time, and the samples including dental implants and surrounding bone were collected and processed for histological analysis. Results: More newly formed bone and a better bone healing process were observed in control group. The histomorphometric analysis revealed that the mean percentage of bone-to-implant contact in the control group was significantly higher than that of the experimental group (25.23 vs. 8.16 %; P < 0.05, independent-simple t test, analysis of variance [ANOVA]). Conclusions: The results indicate that in the addition of PRP to bovine-derived xenograft in the repair of bone defects around the implant, PRP may delay peri-implant bone healing.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.491-504
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• 2000

In clinical therapy, the current goal of dental implants is to enhance quantity and quality of osseointegration. Surface roughness and oxide structure are considered to influence the behavior of adherent cells. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of different surface treatment on cellular response. The attachment and proliferation of osteoblast-like cell on sandblasted, sandblasted and etched, thermal oxidated surfaces have been compared. Sandblasting was done with $Al_2O_3$ particles(grain size of $50{\mu}m$), etching was processed with $NH_4OH$ : $H_2O_2$ : $H_2O(1:1:5)$ at $90^{\circ}C$ for 1 minute. Thermal oxidation was followed sandblasting and etching at $400^{\circ}C$, $600^{\circ}C$, $800^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours. Measurement of surface roughness after the different treatment did not show any differences of Ra value between terated surfaces. Cell attachment and proliferation were increased during experiment period, but no difference was observed. SEM evaluation revealed a similar pattern of osteoblast-like cells, well attached with dendritic extension and producing numerous matrix vesicles on cell surface. The results of this study showed that oxide layer alteration by thermal oxidation did not affect the attachment and proliferation of osteoblast-like cells. This suggests the possibility that the cellular responses are further influenced by surface roughness than titaniun oxide structure.

• 전기화학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.21-26
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• 2002

비정질 루테늄 산화물을 사용한 수퍼캐패시터를 개발하였다. 삼염화루테늄 수화물$(RuCl_3{\cdot}xH_2O)$로부터 제조한 비정질의 이산화루테늄 수화물$(RuO_2{\cdot}nH_2O)$을 사용하여 수퍼캐패시터 전극을 제조하였다. 집전체로는 티타늄 및 STS 304박막에 비해 보다 넓은 전위창을 가지는 탄탈륨 박막을 사용하였다. 제조한 전극과 4.8M 황산 전해액을 사용하여 수퍼캐패시터를 제조하였다. 전극의 비정전용량은 순환전위전류분석에서 미분 최대 값으로 산화 및 환원 과정 각각 710 및 $645\;F/g-RuO_2{\cdot}nH_2O$이었으며, 평균값은 $521\;F/g-RuO_2{\cdot}nH_2O$으로 나타났다. 수퍼캐패시터를 포화카로멜기준전극에 대하여 0.5 V로 protonation level을 조정하고, 충방전 시험한 바, $151\;F/g-RuO_2{\cdot}nH_2O$의 비정전용량을 나타내었다.

• 공업화학
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.298-302
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• 2018

질소가 도핑된 이산화티타늄의 광촉매 특성을 알아보았다. 질소가 도핑된 이산화티타늄에 대하여 자외선 및 가시광선 분위기에서 메틸렌블루 광촉매 분해를 수행하였다. XPS 분석을 통해 제조한 $TiO_2$에서 질소(N)가 산소(O)와 치환되었음을 확인하였다. UV-Vis DRS 분석 결과 질소가 도핑된 무정형 $TiO_2$ 시료에서는 가시광선을 거의 흡수하지 않고 자외선을 흡수하는 반면 무정형/anatase 혼재 $TiO_2$ 시료의 경우 가시광선 흡수가 상당히 증가하였다. 질소가 도핑된 anatase $TiO_2$ 시료는 자외선 및 가시광선 조사에서 메틸렌블루 광분해 반응이 나타났다. 그러나 가시광선 조사에서 분해율은 자외선 조사의 분해율보다 낮았다. 무정형/anatase 혼재 $TiO_2$ 시료의 경우 자외선과 가시광선 조사에서 anatase $TiO_2$ 시료의 분해율보다 높았다. 이러한 결과는 anatase $TiO_2$ 시료에 비해 3배 정도 큰 무정형/anatase 혼재 $TiO_2$ 시료의 높은 표면적이 질소 도핑된 작은 anatase 입자와 관련이 있음을 보여준다.

• 한국표면공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국표면공학회 2016년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.195-195
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• 2016

Titanium and its alloys are widely used as implants in orthopedics, dentistry and cardiology due to their outstanding properties, such as high strength, high level of hemocompatibility and enhanced biocompatibility. Hence, recent works showed that the synthesis of new Ti-based alloys for implant application involves more biocompatible metallic alloying element, such as, Nb, Hf, Zr and Mo. In particular, Nb and Hf are one of the most effective Ti ${\beta}-stabilizer$ and reducing the elastic modulus. Plasma electrolyte oxidation (PEO) is known as excellent method in the biocompatibility of biomaterial due to quickly coating time and controlled coating condition. The anodized oxide layer and diameter modulation of Ti alloys can be obtained function of improvement of cell adhesion. Silicon (Si) and magnesium (Mg) has a beneficial effect on bone. Si in particular has been found to be essential for normal bone and cartilage growth and development. In vitro studies have shown that Mg plays very important roles in essential for normal growth and metabolism of skeletal tissue in vertebrates and can be detected as minor constituents in teeth and bone. The aim of this study is to research Si and Mg doped hydroxyapatite film formation by plasma electrolytic oxidation. Ti-29Nb-xHf (x= 0, 3, 7 and 15wt%, mass fraction) alloys were prepared Ti-29Nb-xHf alloys of containing Hf up from 0 wt% to 15 wt% were melted by using a vacuum furnace. Ti-29Nb-xHf alloys were homogenized for 2 hr at $1050^{\circ}C$. Each alloy was anodized in solution containing typically 0.15 M calcium acetate monohydrate + 0.02 M calcium glycerophosphate at room temperature. A direct current power source was used for the process of anodization. Anodized alloys was prepared using 270V~300V anodization voltage at room. A Si and Mg coating was produced by RF-magnetron sputtering system. RF power of 100W was applied to the target for 1h at room temperature. The microstructure, phase and composition of Si and Mg coated oxide surface of Ti-29Nb-xHf alloys were examined by FE-SEM, EDS, and XRD.

• 한국표면공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국표면공학회 2016년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.197-197
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• 2016

Commercially pure titanium (CP Ti) and Ti-6Al-4V alloys have been widely used for biomedical applications. However, the use of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy in biomaterial is then a subject of controversy because aluminum ions and vanadium oxide have potential detrimental influence on the human body due to vanadium and aluminum. Hence, recent works showed that the synthesis of new Ti-based alloys for implant application involves more biocompatible metallic alloying element, such as, Nb, Hf, Zr and Mo. In particular, Nb and Hf are one of the most effective Ti ${\beta}-stabilizer$ and reducing the elastic modulus. Plasma electrolyte oxidation (PEO) is known as excellent method in the biocompatibility of biomaterial due to quickly coating time and controlled coating condition. The anodized oxide layer and diameter modulation of Ti alloys can be obtained function of improvement of cell adhesion. Manganese(Mn) plays very important roles in essential for normal growth and metabolism of skeletal tissue in vertebrates and can be detected as minor constituents in teeth and bone. Radio frequency(RF) magnetron sputtering in the various PVD methods has high deposition rates, high-purity films, extremely high adhesion of films, and excellent uniform layers for depositing a wide range of materials, including metals, alloys and ceramics like a hydroxyapatite. The aim of this study is to research the Mn coatings on the micro-pore formed Ti-29Nb-xHf alloys by RF-magnetron sputtering for dental applications. Ti-29Nb-xHf (x= 0, 3, 7 and 15wt%, mass fraction) alloys were prepared Ti-29Nb-xHf alloys of containing Hf up from 0 wt% to 15 wt% were melted by using a vacuum furnace. Ti-29Nb-xHf alloys were homogenized for 2 hr at $1050^{\circ}C$. Each alloy was anodized in solution containing typically 0.15 M calcium acetate monohydrate + 0.02 M calcium glycerophosphate at room temperature. A direct current power source was used for the process of anodization. Anodized alloys was prepared using 270V~300V anodization voltage at room. Mn coatings was produced by RF-magnetron sputtering system. RF power of 100W was applied to the target for 1h at room temperature. The microstructure, phase and composition of Mn coated oxide surface of Ti-29Nb-xHf alloys were examined by FE-SEM, EDS, and XRD.