• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제35권10호
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• pp.1023-1030
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• 2002

This study was conducted to examine the effects of dietary xylooligosaccharides on lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activitiy in epididymal adipose tissue and lipid composition in serum of rats fed normal or high fat diet. Male Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 100 $\pm$ 10 g were randomly divided into four groups, two normal diets and two high fat diets containing 1% cholesterol and 10% lard. Two normal diets were classified into a basal diet (normal group) and that with 10% xylooligosaccharide diet (NX group). The high fat diet groups were classified into a HF group without xylooligosaccharides diet and HFX group supplemented with 10% xylooligosacchride diet. Experimental diets were fed ad libitum to the rats for 4 weeks and then they were sacrificed. Body weight, epididymal weight and abdominal weight in HF group were hevier than the those of normal group, but HFX group was significantly reduced compared to HF group. Relative body weight to epididymal weight and relative body weight to abdominal weight in HF group were increased to 50%, 51%, respectively, compared to normal group, but HFX group was reduced 22%, 16%, respectively, compared to HF group. The levels of serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and atherogenic index in HFX groups were significantly lower than those of HF group, whereas HDL-cholesterol levels were significant increased. Triglyceride contents of epididymal adipose tissue in HF group was increased to 39%, compared to normal group, but HFX group was reduced to 15.8%, compared to HF group. Cholesterol contents of epididymal adipose tissue in HF group was increased 121%, compared to normal group, but HFX group was reduced to 26%, compared to HF group. The activity of LPL in epididymal adipose tissue was increased to 259% in HF group, compared to normal group and HFX group was reduced to 66%, compared to HF group. These result of this study suggested that improved lipid metabolism observed in rats fed xylooligosaccharides may be caused by an alteration of LPL activity in epididymal adipose tissue and lipid composition in serum.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.91-96
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the folate nutritional status of Korean pregnant women and to investigate the relation between folate levels of maternal-umbilical cord blood, placenta tissue, and pregnancy outcomes. The study subjects consisted of 25 pregnant women who have had normal term deliveries. Dietary folate intakes of the pregnants were estimated by semi quantitative frequency questionnaire and the serum and placenta tissue folate level was measured by microbiological analysis. The total folate intakes of the pregnant women was 655.6 ${\mu}$g/d, which was 131.1% of the Korean RDA for pregnants. Maternal serum folate level was 16.18ng/ml, which was significantly lower than that of umbilical cord blood (34.98ng/ml, p<0.05). Mean folate concentration of the placental tissue was 998.0ng/ml, which was the highest compared to maternal and umbilical cord serum level. Umbilical cord serum folate level and placental tissue folate level were highly influenced by maternal serum folate level. The umbilical cord folate levels of the infant group whose birth weight was higher than 3500g were significantly higher than the group whose birth weight was less than 3500g (p<0.05). The placental folate level was significantly higher in maternal group who showed desirable weight gain during pregnancy (11 - 14kg). In conclusion, the birth weigt was related to the umbilical cord folate level and the maternal weight gain was affected by the placental folate level.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.9-15
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• 1968

Changes in gastrointestinal tissue blood volume induced by variations of venous pressure between 6 and 40 mmHg were studied in 32 rabbits. Venous pressure lowering was produced by withdrawal of appropriate volume of blood and venous pressure elevation was obtained by partial occlusion of intra-thoracic vena cava inferior. Estimation of regional tissue blood volume was performed by means of regional distribution of injected $Cr^{51}-labeled$ red blood cells. The following results were obtained. 1. At the normal control venous pressure value of 18 mmHg, spleen showed the highest value of tissue blood volume expressed on weight basis, namely, $111{\mu}l/gm$, Liver tissue blood volume was $95\;{\mu}l/gm$, small intestine 24 and stomach $21\;{\mu}l/gm$, respectively. 2. Linear relationships were observed between venous pressure change and gastrointestinal tissue blood volume. The coefficients of correlation were: in spleen r=0.723; in liver r=0.791; in stomach r=0.704, respectively. In small intestine the relationship was less clear and r=0.358. Tissue blood volume of extrabdominal tissue, such as M. gastrocnemius was not influenced by venous pressure change. 3. The highest change in tissue blood volume expressed on weight basis was observed in spleen. The liver tissue showed the next highest change. Change in total tissue blood volume, however, was greatest in liver and next greatest in small intestine. This was interpreted by the fact that total weight of these two organs was much greater than that of spleen. 4. The mechanism that the change in tissue blood volume lies in the venous system which has a great compliance was discussed.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.1091-1097
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• 2001

The main experiments was investigated the skin tissue damage changing for the skin bum having influence on the skin and the liver and also observed the radical liver weight, ALT in the serum, the fluctuating of AST for the skin bum causing to the liver damage. Anatomically the edema formation of skin after thermal injury was showed, and skin bum increased liver weight (% of body weight, p<0.05) and the activity of serum aniline aminotrasferase (p<0.05), and also histologically induced wes of epidermal layer, protein degeneration of connective tissue, local hemorrhage and degeneration of glandular epithelium in the skin tissue. Liver tissue showed the evidences of postbum damage, they were sinusoidal dilatation, cell swelling, infiltration of inflammatory cells.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제38권11호
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• pp.1522-1527
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• 2009

우리는 고지방식이에 의해 유도된 비만 마우스의 몸무게, 부고환 지방조직 무게, 부고환 지방조직의 지방세포 크기 및 혈장 지질 농도에 약용식물 물 추출물들(MPWEs) 혼합식이가 어떤 영향들을 미치는지 연구하였다. MPWEs 혼합식이의 항비만 효과를 알아보기 위하여 C57BL/6J 마우스는 11주 동안 고지방식이를 섭취시켰다. 마지막 6주 동안, 계속해서 고지방식이(HFD)만 섭취시키거나 고지방식이에 MPWEs(5 g/kg, HFD＋MPWEs)이나 고지방식이에 orlistat[0.5 g/kg, HFD＋orlistat(항비만 약)]을 섞어 섭취시켰다. HF-free군은 11주 동안 일반 식이를 섭취시켰다. 11주간 고지방식이를 섭취한 군은 일반식이군과 비교하여 혈장 지질 수준, 몸무게, 간 무게 및 부고환 지방조직 무게가 현저하게 증가하였다. MPWEs를 함유하고 있는 식이는 몸무게, 간 무게 및 부고환 지방조직 무게와 마찬가지로 혈장 총콜레스테롤, LDL 콜레스테롤, 중성지방 그리고 혈당 농도를 현저하게 감소시켰다. 혈장 중성지방 수준은 6주 동안 orlistat를 함유한 고지방식이군(HFD＋orlistat)에서 현저히 낮았고 MPWEs를 함유한 고지방식이군(HFD＋MPWEs)의 그것과 유사하였다. 고지방식이군 마우스의 지방세포크기가 일반식이군의 그것에 비해 현저하게 증가하였고, MPWEs와 orlistat(positive control)는 부고환 지방세포 크기를 현저하게 감소시켰으나 orlistat가 MPWEs보다 약간 더 영향력이 있었다. 이들 결과들은 MPWEs 섭취는 몸무게 증가, 지방세포 형성 및 지방세포 크기 증가를 저해함으로써 항비만 효과가 있을 것이라는 것을 시사하고 있다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.15-25
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• 2013

Objectives : This study was designed to investigate the anti-obesity effects in local area adipose tissue using by pharmacopuncture of Eriobotryae Folium on mice fed high fat diet. Methods : Male ICR mouse were divided into three groups. Normal diet group (N), High-fat diet(HFD) group, HFD+E(pharmacopuncture of the Eriobotryae Folium) group for 8 weeks. HFD+E group was injected in the concentration of 50 mg/kg once a day for 4 weeks and every other day during the next 4 weeks. We measured body weight, food intake, absolute weight and relative weight in the liver and adipose tissue. Also, we analyzed hematological levels and histopathological changes on adipose tissue. Results : 1. We observed no difference in food intake among three groups. 2. HFD+E group significantly decreased body weight gain and absolute weight and relative weight in the liver and adipose tissue compared with HFD group. 3. Blood AST and ALT were no differences among the experiment groups. However, HFD group was significantly increased higher TG, TC, HDL and LDL than in N group and HDL/LDL ratio was remarkably decreased. On the other hand, HFD+E group was significantly decreased in obesity markers and HDL/LDL ratio was remarkably increased. 4. Levels of adiponectin in serum of HFD+E group was remarkably increased compared with those of HFD group. 5. HFD group was significantly decreased compared with N group in adipocyte number. Compared with the HFD group, HFD+E group was displayed a significant increase by adipocyte number. Conclusions : We suggest that pharmacopuncture of the Leaves of Eriobotrya japonica can play the anti-obesity effects in local area adipose tissue.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.224-227
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• 1993

Weight (g/root) and bulk density (g/$cm^3$) of tap root in 15-root-grade of 4-year-old white ginseng were investigated by specific gravity and weight-volume method. Bulk density measured by specific gravity ranged from 0.8 to 1.2g/$cm^3$ with almost normal distribution in frequency (number 1 of roots). Bulk density measured by volume-weight method had significant correlation with root weight. The percentage of high bulk density root (above 1.0) showed significant positive correlation with mean root weight or mean bulk density of root weight, indicating that the growth conditions for large root provide the better compactnes of root tissue.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.116-132
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• 2008

Objective: This study investigated the effects of Bimanbang-1 (肥滿1號方: here in after referred to BMB-1) on the obese gene and obese inhibitory. Methods: C57BL/6 mice were induced by high fat diet. Mice were divided into three groups (normal, high fat diet with control, high fat diet with BMB-1 extract) and fed for 15 weeks. Items of this experimental study are as follows: body weight change, final body weight, the weight change of the adipocytes in body, the level change of LFT, NEFA and creatinine, the expression of ${\beta}3AR$ and leptin gene in primary adipocytes, the production change of leptin in primary adipocytes, the expression of ${\beta}3AR$, leptin and $TNF-{\alpha}$ in adipocytes tissue. Result: 1. All experimental groups showedthat the weight change decreased considerably and the high density group showedthat the final weight decreased considerably. 2. The high density group showed that the amount of the adipocyte in weight decreased considerably. 3. All experimental groups showedthat the amount of ALT decreased considerably, and AST decreased in the high density group. However, the amount of creatinine and glucose did not increase considerably. 4. All experimental groups showed that the amount of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, and NEFA decreased, and HDL-cholesterol increased considerably. 5. The high density groups showedthat the amount of leptin decreased considerably. 6. All experimental groups showed that the revelation of ${\beta}3AR$ in primary adipose cell and 3T3-L1 cell increased considerably, and that the revelation of leptin and $TNF-{\alpha}$ in primary adipose cellsand 3T3-L1 cells decreased considerably. 7. All experimental groups showed that the size of adipocyte in adipocytes tissue decreased. 8. All experimental groups showed that the adipose vacuoles in liver tissue decreased considerably. Conclusion: The findings suggest that Bimanbang-1 causes weight loss and histological change, thus it may be effective to treat obesity.

• 운동영양학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2009

The effects of a hypocaloric diet with or without strength training on body fat distribution and serum lipid concentrations in obese elderly women were investigated. Twenty-six healthy women (age 66±4.6 yr; body mass index 32.3±2.9 kg/m²) were randomly assigned to 3 groups: control (C; n=8), hypocaloric diet (DO; n=9) or hypocaloric diet with strength training (DST; n=9). Subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and inter and intra muscular adipose tissue (IMAT) were measured using magnetic resonance imaging. Serum lipid concentrations including total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), and triglycerides (TG) were measured. No significant changes occurred in body weight and percent body fat in the C group over the 16-week period. The DO and DST groups lost similar amounts of weight and fat after 16 weeks. SAT and VAT decreased after weight loss in the DO and DST groups but not in the C group. IMAT was significantly reduced in the DO and DST groups, whereas in the C group IMAT increased. The loss in IMAT mass was similar in the DO and DST groups. TC and LDLC decreased in the DO and DST groups but not in the C group. There were no differences between the DO and DST groups in decrease in TC and LDLC. HDLC decreased in the DO group but not in the C and DST groups. TG tended to decrease in the DST group. In conclusion, body fat distribution including SAT, VAT, and IMAT and serum lipid concentratons were modulated by weight loss resulting from the hypocaloric diet with or without strength training in obese elderly women. Strength training did not enhance the improvement in body fat distribution and serum TC and LDLC concentrations by the hypocaloric diet.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.195-207
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• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate how Rhei Radix et Rhizoma affects on insulin resistance and adipose tissue inflammatory response in high fat diet induced obese C57BL/6 mice. Methods : Obesity was induced in C57BL/6 mice by high fat diet for 12 weeks. Models were divided into 3 groups (n=6) of normal diet, high fat diet (HFD), and high fat diet with Rhei Radix et Rhizoma and investigated for 12 weeks. We measured body weight, FBS and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), serum insulin, homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), weight of liver and epididymal fat pad. Inflammatory markers such as adipose tissue macrophage (ATM), tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ and interlukin-10 and CD68 of epididymal adipocyte were determined to evaluate the effect of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma on adipose tissue inflammation. Results : Compared with the HFD group, we observed loss of body weight and epididymal fat pad weight, improvement of glucose level and HOMA-IR, reduction of ATM and gene expression of TNF-${\alpha}$, CD68 in the high fat diet with Rhei Radix et Rhizoma group. Conclusions : This study suggests that Rhei Radix et Rhizoma has effects on insulin resistance and adipose tissue inflammatory response in high fat diet induced obese mice.