• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.08a
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• pp.1334-1338
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• 2006

In this work, indium tin oxide (ITO) thin film was fabricated by indium-tin-organic sol including ITO nanoparticle. ITO nanoparticle showed ultrafine size about 5 nm and (222) preferred crystal structure. Also, ITO sol-gel thin film showed good optical transmittance over 83% and electrical resistance less than $7\;{\times}\;10^3\;{\Omega}$.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2003.07b
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• pp.727-730
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• 2003

Thin tin oxide film with nano-size particle was prepared on silicon substrate by hydrothermal synthetic method and successive sol-gel spin coating method. The fabrication method of tin oxide film with ultrafine nano-size crystalline structure was tried to be applied to fabrication of micro gas sensor array on silicon substrate. The tin oxide film on silicon substrate was well patterned by chemical etching upto 5${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$width and showed very uniform flatness. The tin oxide film preparation method and patterning method were successfully applied to newly proposed 2-dimensional micro sensor fabrication.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.151-160
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• 2001

The composition and the microstructure of the lead-tin alloy electrodeposited in a gluconate bath were invesitigated according to electrolysis conditions. The tin content of the lead-tin alloy electrodeposits increased with increasing current density and EDTA addition, while it decreased with increasing temperature and sodium gluconate concentration. The preferred orientation of the alloy deposits changed from the (220) plane through (200) to (200) + (111) planes with increasing cathode overpotential. The surface morphology of the films was closely related to both the preferred orientation and the alloy composition.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.1031-1034
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• 1999

Tin oxide films have been grown employing the chemical vapor deposition technique under reduced pressure conditions using tetramethyltin as the precursor and oxygen as the oxidant. An activation energy derived for the deposition reaction under representative deposition conditions has a value of 89±3 kJ mol-1, suggesting a typical kinetic control. Deposition rates of tin oxide films exhibit a near first order dependence on tetramethyltin partial pressure and a zeroth order dependence on oxygen partial pressure. This study provides the first quantitative information about the growth kinetics of tin oxide films from tetramethyltin by the cold-wall low-pressure chemical vapor deposition.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.709-719
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• 2012

Prospection was performed on the tin mineralized belt in Mwanza and Kongolo areas of Katanga, DR Congo. Most of deposits in Katanga areas are related to the granites which are located in Kibaran belt in NE and SW trends of mid Proterozoic. Metasedimentary rocks in the Kibaran belt are intruded by granites, and tin, niobium and tantalum deposits are especially developed along with tin-granite. Cassiterite, coltan and gold are developed in the pegmatite, quartz vein and greisen in related to the tin-granite in Mwanza and Katanga areas, and they are exploited by artisan in the smale scale. And we conducted the works with the alluviums and stream sediments in the case of no outcrops. With the results of analysis of samples, we will choose a few potential mineralized zones and con-tinue to prosepect precisely.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 2011

A nano-porous structure of tin oxide was prepared using an anodic oxidation process and the sample's electrochemical properties were evaluated for application as an anode in a rechargeable lithium battery. Microscopic images of the as-anodized sample indicated that it has a nano-porous structure with an average pore size of several tens of nanometers and a pore wall size of about 10 nanometers; the structural/compositional analyses proved that it is amorphous stannous oxide (SnO). The powder form of the as-anodized specimen was satisfactorily lithiated and delithiated as the anode in a lithium battery. Furthermore, it showed high initial reversible capacity and superior rate performance when compared to previous fabrication attempts. Its excellent electrode performance is probably due to the effective alleviation of strain arising from a cycling-induced large volume change and the short diffusion length of lithium through the nano-structured sample. To further enhance the rate performance, the attempt was made to create porous tin oxide film on copper substrate by anodizing the electrodeposited tin. Nevertheless, the full anodization of tin film on a copper substrate led to the mechanical disintegration of the anodic tin oxide, due most likely to the vigorous gas evolution and the surface oxidation of copper substrate. The adhesion of anodic tin oxide to the substrate, together with the initial reversibility and cycling stability, needs to be further improved for its application to high-power electrode materials in lithium batteries.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.1222-1228
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• 2020

The adsorption and ion exchange properties of tin phosphate were studied in an aqueous solution of KCl, varing the pH and metal ion concentration in the solution. The data were explained on the basis of chemical equilibrium. Tin phosphate behaved as an acidic ion exchanger and had an adsorption selectivity toward the bivalent transition metal ions in the following order : Cu⁺² > Co⁺² > Ni⁺². As in the case of a weekly acidic exchanger, the change in hydration of metal ions played the dominant role in determining the selectivity of tin phosphate. In all cases the extent of adsorption increased with an increase in temperature and concentration. The apperance of irregular kinks in the titration curves justified the presence of several exchangeable adsorption sites with different pKa values.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.37-43
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• 2014

A study has been made on the recovery of tin and copper from waste solder stripper by oxalate precipitation. With the increasing of the oxalic acid addition, tin was precipitated effectively and removed above 99.5% of tin when the oxalic acid, in an amount 1.0-1.5 times the stoichometric requirement, was added. But, in this case, only 2.0% of copper was precipitated and lead, iron were not precipitated. So, tin was selectively removed from the waste solution. With the increasing of the reaction temperature, the removal percentage of tin was increased and maximum value at arounf $60^{\circ}C$ and decreased with increase in the temperature any more. After filtering the precipitate and drying in oven, $SnO_2$ was obtained from the precipitate. After removal of tin in stripping solution, above 91% of copper was selectively removed by Cu-oxalate by addition of oxalic acid.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.61-68
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• 2017

Cyclone electrowinning method was used to recover tin to metal in hydrochloric acid solution. The effects of flow rate, current density, tin concentration, and hydrochloric acid concentration on the electrowinning of tin were investigated. As the flow rate increased and the concentration of tin and hydrochloric acid decreased, the tin recovery and current efficiency increased. As the current density increased, the recovery rate increased but the current efficiency decreased. Tin can be effectively recovered at flow rates of 18 L/min., $3A/dm^2$, 2.5 g/L Sn, and 5 wt.% HCl.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.38-43
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• 2018

In this study, using electro-refining process and methane gas reduction, we performed studying the recovery of tin with high purity from waste tin oxide had used as a electrode rod of ceramic furnace which occurred during glass production process. We recovered the crude tin of 99% purity from a methane gas reduction process and controlled a little amount of impurities. When the electrolytic refining condition was a current density of $60A/dm^2$ and the sulfuric acid concentration of 0.75 mol, 96.8% of recovered tin (99.979% of purity) were recovered during the electrolytic refining. We confirmed that toxic impurities such as Pb, Sb included in electrode rod. could be controlled.