• 실내환경 및 냄새 학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.139-149
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• 2017

In order to reduce odor and methane emission from the landfill, open biocovers and a closed biofilter were applied to the landfill site. Three biocovers and the biofilter are suitable for relatively small-sized landfills with facilities that cannot resource methane into recovery due to small volumes of methane emission. Biocover-1 consists only of the soil of the landfill site while biocover-2 is mixed with the earthworm casts and artificial soil (perlite). The biofilter formed a bio-layer by adding mixed food waste compost as packing material of biocover-2. The removal efficiency decreased over time on biocover-1. However, biocover-2 and the biofilter showed stable odor removal efficiency. The rates of methane removal efficiency were in order of biofilter (94.9%)>, biocover-1(42.3%)>, and biocover-2 (37.0%). The methane removal efficiency over time in biocover-1 was gradually decreased. However, drastic efficiency decline was observed in biocover-2 due to the hardening process. As a result of overturning the surface soil where the hardening process was observed, methane removal efficiency increased again. The biofilter showed stable methane removal efficiency without degradation. The estimate methane oxidation rate in biocover-1 was an average of 10.4%. Biocover-2 showed an efficiency of 46.3% after 25 days of forming biocover. However, due to hardening process efficiency dropped to 4.6%. After overturn of the surface soil, the rate subsequently increased to 17.9%, with an evaluated average of 12.5%.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.345-350
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• 2011

This paper was carried about optimization for high efficiency of point contact solar cell. We have studied on the characteristics of power converter according to each parameter for the optimization for high efficiency of point contact solar cell on this study. We have 25.1352% of convert efficiency after adapt optimal parameters as mentioned in point body and superior conclusion is drawn by comparison with general efficiency has within 20%. At this time, the value of parameter is 100 um cell pitch, 0.01 um AR coating, 0.9 um N+ FSF thickness., etc. This study will continue to go on for optimization for efficiency in future, as it looks now, the results of this study would contribute to the business of high efficiency of point contact solar cell.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.393-407
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to analysis relative efficiency and efficiency in process of time. Thus we use panel data of 34 local public medical centers between 2003 and 2005 to use DEA and Malmquist analysis. The result of our this study is as flow; first, The results of static efficiency of 34 local public medical centers show 10 CCR model and 23 BCC model which is difference of efficiency by economic of scale. Second, a cause of increased efficiency is not only change of technology but also change of efficiency to management system index show between 2003 and 2005 by Malmquist analysis and contracting-out is higher than direct management between 2004 and 2005. That means efficiency of local public medical centers is their own effort and innovation not government subsidies.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.91-106
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• 1996

This paper deals with on the efficiency questions of the left-turn prohibit at an isolated intersection and a corridor with 5-phase signal system. Its objectives are three-fold ; (1) to analyze the efficiency of the left-turn prohibit with the use of an imaginary network, (2) to evaluate various factors under consideration in decision making on the left-turn prohibit, (3) to provide a framework for estimating and evaluating overall impacts of the left-turn prohibit in traffic network. the major findings using an imaginary network and computer packages such as MINUTP, TRANSYT-7F and STATGRAPH are followings. First, left-turn prohibit reduces cycle length by 33 seconds and delay time per vehicle by 36 seconds at an isolated intersection, and cycle length by 31 seconds and delay time per veicle by 43 seconds along a corridor. Second, total vehicle mile of travel and total travel time at an isolated intersection seem up to increase 38.85 miles(57.36km), 14.4 hour on the average, Regarding to a corridor, total vehicle mile of travel is increased by 50.14 miles(80.22km), but total travel time is decreased by129.9 hours. Third, the efficiency of left-turn prohibit are affected the following eight factors including left-turn volume(veh/hr) and ratio(%), average delay time per vehicle(sec/veh) and others. Finally, several simple and multiple regression models to evaluate the impacts on the left-turn prohibit are formulated from the above eight factors. It can be expected that these models will take an important role in decision-making of left-turn prohibit.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.638-644
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• 2012

본 연구에서 일반철도의 선로이용율의 범위인 60%를 검토하여, 이용가능한 시간과 이용 불가능한 시간을 수치화 하였다. 또한 선로이용율을 변화시키는 요소인 선로유지보수시간에 대한 계산과 적정한 추정시간을 분석하였다. 적절한 철도운영계획과 원활한 시설유지보수를 통한 열차의 안전을 보장하여야 한다. 동시에 매일 연속되는 열차Dia의 원상회복력도 운영계획에 반영되어야 한다. 이런 사항들을 고려하여 보유 중인 기계장비와 국가철도망에 대한 자료를 활용하여 유지보수작업시간 산출방법을 개선하고, 열차지연에 대비한 여유시간을 확보하도록 검토하였다. 결론적으로 일반철도의 선로이용율과 선로유지보수시간 구성요소를 함께 수량화하여, 선로이용율은 60% 내외가 타당함을 증명하였다.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.49-55
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 인덕션 탑플레이트(induction top plate) 소재로 사용된 후 폐기되는 사용 후 Li₂O-Al₂O₃-SiO₂계 결정화 유리를 활용하여 중금속 용액 내 존재하는 중금속(Pb, Cd, Cr⁶⁺, Hg) 이온들의 제거 실험을 진행하였다. 중금속 흡착제로 사용된 흡착제의 양, 흡착 반응 시간, 초기 중금속 원소의 농도, 초기 용액의 pH 등의 반응 조건에 따른 중금속 제거 효율의 변화를 조사하였다. 사용 후 LAS 첨가량이 증가할수록 중금속 제거 효율이 상승하였다. 흡착 반응 시간은 흡착 특성에 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었으며, 모든 중금속 원소들의 제거 효율이 상승하였다. 특히 반응 시간에 따라서 Cd의 경우 흡착제거 효율이 크게 개선되었다. 초기 중금속 용액 농도는 중금속 제거 효율에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 중금속 용액의 pH는 중금속 제거 효율에 영향을 미쳤는데, Cd의 경우 pH증가에 따라 중금속 제거 효율이 증가하였으며, Pb, Cr⁶⁺는 감소하였다. Hg는 pH가 흡착 특성에 큰 영향을 미치지 않았다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제82권4호
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• pp.445-458
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• 2022

Some of the control systems used in engineering structures that use sensors and decision systems have some time delay reducing efficiency of the control system or even might make it unstable. In this research, in addition to considering the effect of the time delay in vibration control process, predictive control is used to compensate the time delay. A semi-active vibration control approach with the help of magneto-rheological dampers is implemented. In addition to using fuzzy inference system to determine the appropriate control voltage for MR damper, structural behavior prediction system and specifying future responses are also used such that the time delays occurring within control process are overcome. For this purpose, determination of prediction horizon is conducted for one, five, and ten steps ahead for single degree of freedom structures with periods ranging from 0.1 to 4 seconds, subjected to twenty earthquake excitations. The amount of time delay applied to the control system is 0.1 seconds. The obtained results indicate that for 0.1 second time delay, average prediction error values compared to the case without time delay is 3.47 percent. Having 0.1 second time delay in a semi-active control system reduces its efficiency by 11.46 percent; while after providing the control system with structure behavior prediction, the difference in the results for the control system without time delay is just 1.35 percent on average; indicating a 10.11 percent performance improvement for the control system.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.63-70
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• 1994

This study investigated the factors influencing married men's time allocation in child care. A multidimensional theoritical approach employing the perspectives of economic efficiency time availability and role ideology was employed to explain variations in fathers' participation in child care. In addition the effects of several socio-demographic variables were investigated. The sample was drawn from the National Survey of Families and Households (NSFH) conducted in 1987-1988 by the Center for Demography and Ecology in University of Wisconsin-Madison. Results indicated that the time availability perspective was significantly supported and the economic efficiency perspective was partially supported. On the other hand no singificant evidence was found for the effect of role ideology on fathers' child care time. Overall demographic variables had a nonsignificant effect (except in the case of age) on the amount of fathers' participation in child care.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.191-191
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• 1999

A Purge & Trap Concentrator was used to analyze various volatile organic compounds(VOCs) in wat-er. The object of this study was to observe the purge efficiency of 40 VOCs in water according to the change of parameters (purge time drypurge time sample temperature) and to determine the optimum condition for VOCs using the purge & Trap concentrator interfaced with a narrow capillary connected to a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The optimum condition of purge and trap is as follows: purge time at 11min drypurge time at 5min sample temperature at 6$0^{\circ}C$ at constant purge flow (40mol/min) constant desorption flow(20ml/min) desorption temperature(2$25^{\circ}C$) and desorption time (1min) At this analytical condition the detection limits of VOCs was in the range of 0.1~0.5$\mu$g/ml and the purge efficiency of each compound was over 70%.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2005년도 ICCAS
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• pp.179-185
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• 2005

This paper presents a novel circuit topology of a high efficiency single-phase power conditioner. This power conditioner is composed of time-sharing sinewave absolute pulse width modulated boost chopper with a bypass diode in the first power processing stage and time-sharing sinewave pulse width modulated full-bridge inverter in the second power processing stage operated by time-sharing dual mode pulse pattern control scheme. The unique operating principle of the two power processing stage with time-sharing dual mode sinewave modulation scheme is described with a design example. This paper proposes also a sinewave tracking voltage controlled soft switching PWM boost chopper with a passive auxiliary edge-resonant snubber. The new conceptual operating principle of this novel power conditioner related to new energy utilization system is presented and discussed through the experimental results.