• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• 제42권1호
• /
• pp.14-21
• /
• 2009

배경: 심방세동은 관상동맥우회로술후 흔히 발생하는 합병증으로, 대부분 일시적이고 양호한 경과를 보이나, 혈전색전증의 위험성을 증가시키며, 유병률의 증가와 재원기간의 증가로 인하여 의료비용의 증가를 초래할 수 있다. 대상 및 방법: 1994년 1월 1일부터 2007년 12월 31일까지 단독관상동맥우회술을 시행한 190명의 환자 중 수술 후 심방세동이 발생한 군(1군: n=139)과 발생하지 않은 군(2군: n=51)을 나누어 수술 후 심방세동 발생율, 환자의 특성, 수술관련 인자 및 수술 후 심방세동 발생으로 인한 결과를 의무기록을 토대로 후향적으로 분석하였다. 결과: 수술 후 심방세동의 발생율은 26.8%였으며, 퇴원전까지 정상동방결절리듬으로 회복된 경우는 82.4%였고, 심방세동 발생 환자의 82.4%는 수술 후 3일 이내에 발생하였다. 술후 심방세동군에서는 나이가 유의하게 많았으며, 대동맥겸자 차단시간의 차이는 없었으나, 대동맥 겸차차단 해제시 자발적으로 정상 심전도를 회복하지 못한 경우가 많았으며, 체외순환시간이 더 긴 것으로 나타났다. 수술후 베타차단제의 사용이 심방세동의 발생을 감소시키는 것으로 나타났으며, 재원기간의 차이는 없었으나, 중환자실 체류기간은 심방세동군에서 유의하게 길었다. 다변량 분석에서는 연령, 대동맥겸차 해제후 자발적 심박동 회복여부, 중환자실 재원기간 및 술후 베타 차단제의 사용이 유의한 인자로 분석되었다. 결론: 관상동맥우회로술후 심방세동은 매우 흔한 합병증으로 유병률이 증가되며, 중환자실 재원기간의 증가를 초래한다. 따라서, 술후 심방세동의 발생을 예방하기 위한 조치들이 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 특별한 금기사항이 없다면, 술후 베타 차단제를 적극적으로 사용하는 것이 좋을 것으로 생각된다.

• 마케팅과학연구
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.27-39
• /
• 2009

Compulsive consumption is regarded as a global phenomenon that can adversely affect consumer well-being. Although the topic has been studied in different cultural settings, we have seen relatively little theory development and explanations of compulsive behavior Nearly all previous empirical studies attempt to explain this behavior by correlating measures of compulsive behavior with independent variables taken within the same time frame. However, recent developments in social sciences suggest that such a phenomenon may best understood in the context of the person's earlier-in-life experiences. Using the life course paradigm as an overarching framework, the present research extends previous work on this topic. Following hypotheses were drawn from literature review: H1: The earlier in childhood and adolescence a person experiences family dislocation, the greater his or her likelihood of exhibiting compulsive behaviors in adulthood. H2: The earlier in life the young person experienced family dislocation, the greater the number of family disruption events the young person experienced prior entering adulthood years. H3: Family dislocation leads to (a) increased frequency of socio.oriented family communications and (b) decreased frequency of concept-oriented family communication. H4: Young adults who were raised in families characterized by a strong socio-oriented communication structure are more likely to exhibit compulsive consumption tendencies than those who were raised in families characterized by a weak socio-oriented family communication structure. H5: Young adults who were raised in families characterized by a strong concept-oriented communication structure are less likely to exhibit compulsive consumption tendencies than those who were raised in families characterized by a week concept-oriented family communication structure. H6: The relationship between family disruption events experienced during adolescence and perceived stressfulness of these events is moderated by (a) global family support, (b) emotional family support, and (c) material family support. Those reporting higher levels of family support as teenagers are less likely to report experiencing stress due to family disruption events. H7: Perceived stressfulness of family disruption events experienced during adolescent years are associated with compulsive consumption tendencies in early adulthood. H8: The greater the number of family disruption events young adults experienced during their adolescent years the more frequent was their communication about consumption with their peers. H9: The more frequent was the young persons' communication with their peers about consumption during their adolescent years, the more likely they are to report compulsive buying tendencies as young adults. We use a sample of 120 Thai undergraduate students attending classes taught in English as part of a four-year international program. Product-moment correlations, hierarchical regression analysis and partial correlation were used to analyze data. Results of testing hypotheses showed that hypothesis 2, 4, 7 and 9 were supported and hypothesis 1, 3, 5, 6 and 8 were not supported. Our study did not find a significant relationship between the age when a person experienced family dislocation and their compulsive behavior tendencies expressed as young adults. We did not find a significant relationship between family dislocation and family communication structures. But we found a significant positive relationship between socio-oriented communication structure and compulsive buying and a significant relationship between our peer communication and compulsive buying measures. Also we found perceived stressfulness due to the disruptive events to have a significant positive relationship between the perceived stressfulness and compulsive buying. Implications from these findings, limitations of this research and future research suggestions were discussed.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
• /
• 제10권4호
• /
• pp.583-597
• /
• 2014

난방기기에 의한 화재는 다양한 난방기기의 종류처럼 그 원인도 다양하고. 매년 계속되는 전통재래시장에서의 난방기기에 의한 화재사고가 빈번히 발생하여 인명 및 재산상의 손실을 초래하고 있다. 일반주택이나 아파트 등 대부분의 주거시설은 난방용 보일러가 보급되어 난방기기로 인한 화재가 그리 많지 않으나 식당, 시장의 점포와 사무실, 체육관, 공장, 작업장 등에서는 여전히 석유난로, 전기난로 등 난방기기를 사용 하고 있어 화재의 위험성에 노출되어 있다. 또한 난방용 기기의 발생건수를 살펴보면 가정용보일러, 목탄난로, 석유난로, 가스난로/스토브, 전기스토브/히터 순으로 발생한 것으로 분석되었으며, 인명피해 별 건수는 가스난로/스토브, 석유난로 /곤로, 전기히터/스토브, 연탄/석탄난로 순으로 분석되었다. 또한 가스 및 석유관련 난방용기기가 발생빈도(frequency)는 낮지만 화재강도(intensity)가 높은 것으로 분석 되었다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 다중이용시설인 전통재래시장에서 아직도 많이 사용되고 있고, 실제 화재발생사례가 많은 석유난로와 전기스토브에 의한 발화 위험성 즉 최소발화온도, 탄화 정도와 그에 따른 열유속을 정상상태와 비정상상태 하에서의 가연물의 접촉 및 전도로 인한 화재 발생 가능성을 재연하여 검토해 봄으로서 보다 과학적인 화재조사 및 감식 접근방법을 강구하고자 하였다. 재연실험 결과 실험체 2종(석유난로/전기스토브) 모두 양호한 축열 조건이 만들어지지 않는 한 발화위험성은 극히 적은 것으로 나타났지만 탄화의 상태는 각 부위별로 진행되는 것으로 분석되었다. 결국 화재로의 전이는 축열에 의한 발화이므로 최소한 화재장소의 축열 온도조건이 $500^{\circ}C$ 이상일 때 발화되는 것으로 분석되었다. 특히 전기스토브의 발열체인 석영관인 경우 가장 짧은 시간 내(10sec)에 $600^{\circ}C$ 이상의 온도로 급 가열 되어 이때의 열유속은 6.26kW/m2으로 나타나 이는 보온된 PVC케이블이 손상과 함께 인체에는 2도 화상을 입히는 결과를 나타내는 것으로 분석 되었다. 아울러 온도 조건 이외에 거리변화에 따른 열량의 감소분을 나타내는 형태계수(Geometric View Factor)와 화재하중(Fire Load)에 따른 온도 변화도 고려되어야 할 중요한 변수임 알았다. 따라서 이에 관한 세심한 화재조사 및 감식의 매뉴얼이 있어야 할 것으로 사료되며 이러한 실험에 의한 과학적이고 합리적인 노력들이 향후 화재조사 및 감식에 대한 매뉴얼 작성과 이론적 토대를 세우는데 기여하기를 기대한다.

• 한국응급구조학회지
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.87-104
• /
• 2004

This study selected the fifth and sixth graders of elementary school in Jeollanamdo who can express their opinions of safety consciousness and understand the items of questionnaire as the population. It selected 10 elementary schools under the supervision of Jeonnam Board of Education and sampled 700 students randomly from 2-3 classes in the 5th and the 6th grade. One preliminary survey was conducted to revise and complement the contents and forms of questionnaire with 70 students of a school from Apr. 1 to 6, 2004 and this study was conducted from Apr. 10 to 30, 2004. Data of this study were collected by explaining the purport of study to subjects after obtaining approval of principal and teacher of the school and distributing questionnaires. Total 700 questionnaires were distributed and 681 were collected (97%) and 602 were used for final analysis except 79 lacking responses. The results of this study are as follows. According to demographical characteristics of subjects, 'male' students were 302(50.%) and 'female' students were 300(49.8%) by sex and 'the 5th graders' were 285(47.3%) and 'the 6th graders' were 317(52.7%) in grade distribution. Residents at 'apartment house' were 406(67.4%) in residence type, 'going to school by foot' was 477 students(79.2%), 'high school graduates' were 297(49.3%) in fathers' education, 'high school graduates' were 366 (60.8%) in mothers' education, 'professional and office workers' were 231(38.4%) in fathers' job, 'full-time workers' were 283(47.0%) in mothers' job, and the number of siblings was one except myself in 343 students(57.0%). Respondents on the level of class showing 'good' were 340(56.5%) and those on the degree of adaptation to school life showing 'active' were 349(58.0%). On the characteristics related to safety education, 360(59.8%) responded it was 'very necessary', on the frequency of safety education at school for last one year, 339(56.3%) responded they had 'once or twice', on the frequency of safety education by parents, 279(46.3%) responded they 'often' had it, on the level of safety practice by parents, 347(57.6%) responded they practiced it 'frequently', on the source of knowledge of safety, 223(37.0%) responded they got it from 'parents, siblings and relatives', on the degree of recognizing the need of safety education textbooks, 295(38.5%) responded 'it was needed', on the recognition of necessity of teacher for safety education, 271(45.0%) answered it was very necessary', and on the recognition of qualification of teacher for safety education, 370(61.5%) answered it was 'paramedic'. The mean score of safety consciousness of subjects was 2.72 (SD. 21) of full score 3, having high score over mean score. According to each area, the area showing the highest safety consciousness was safety of fire(2.83), followed by home safety(2.76) and first-aid treatment(2.76), traffic safety(2.71), play and leisure safety(2.66) and school safety(2.56). Items showing statistical differences in the degree of safety consciousness according to demographical characteristics were sex(t=-3.11, p=.002), education(t=2.33, p=.021) and number of siblings(F=3.729, p=.011). In the difference of safety consciousness between both sexes, 'female' students(2.75) showed higher safety consciousness than 'male' students (2.69), and the former also showed higher safety consciousness than the latter in all six areas of school safety, play and leisure safety, traffic safety, fire safety, home safety and first-aid treatment, and there were statistical differences in the areas of play and leisure safety, traffic safety, fire safety and first-aid treatment. According to the differences of safety consciousness by grade, 'the fifth graders'(2.74) showed higher safety consciousness than 'the sixth graders'(2.70) and the former also showed higher safety consciousness than the latter in all six areas of school safety, play and leisure safety, traffic safety, fire safety, home safety and first-aid treatment, and there were statistical differences in the areas of fire safety and home safety. In the safety consciousness by the number of siblings, 'single son or daughter' (2.78) was highest and their safety consciousness was also highest in all six areas of school safety, play and leisure safety, traffic safety, fire safety, home safety and first-aid treatment, and there were statistical differences in the areas of school safety, fire safety and home safety, There were statistically remarkable differences in degree of adaptation to school life (F=15.349, p=.000) and perceived schooling level(F=9.552, p=.000). According to the degree of safety consciousness related to characteristics of safety education, there were statistical differences at the degree of recognizing the need of safety education(F=9.797, p=.000), degree of safety education at school(F=2.595, p=.006), degree of safety education by parents(F=12.709, p=.000), degree of practicing safety by parents(F=17.579, p=.000), source of knowledge of safety education (F=2,715, p=.044), necessity of safety education textbooks(F=3.972, p=.008), need of safety teacher(F=4.137, p=.006) and qualification standard of safety teacher(F=3.016, p=.029).

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.68-74
• /
• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study is, first, to analyze the risk factors that influence the severity of injury in pediatric multiple trauma patients and, second, to present solutions for the problems related to the treatment of such patients. Our living situations are so complicated that the danger of accidents is truly open to children who are not prepared. We need to draw attention to the increased numbers of various accidents involving children. Methods: We studied patients who visited the Emergency Medical Center at Chosun University Hospital from January 1, 2006, to December 31, 2008. Using medical records, we evaluated the general characteristics: the mechanism of injury, the vital signs, the revised trauma score (RTS), the injury severity score (ISS), and the hemoglibin value, which was checked at the time of visit, and the presence or the absence of emergent on regular surgery. We divided the level of injury as follows: light level (1-8 points), mid level (9-15 points), and serious level (above 16 points). We analyzed the medical data by using SPSS 17.0 for windows. Results: The average age of the patients examined was 8.6 years. The number of 6- to 11-year-old patients was 96, which was the largest, but the degree of injury severity was the highest among infant (0-2 years), according to ISS 7.95(${\pm}6.85$). The frequency of accidents was highest on sunny days, and most accidents occurred from 16:00 to 20:00. The cause of multiple trauma for children was the greatest in the traffic accident, (95 patients, 49.0%). In addition, the trauma caused by traffic accidents showed the highest ISS value ($9.02{\pm}6.42$) and the most serious degree (P=0.004). The ISS level of injury ($8.40{\pm}6.64$) for patients moved from a secondary hospital was higher than that ($6.49{\pm}5.57$) for patients who visited the medical center directly. The severity of injury was highest for patients who used a 119 ambulance ($8.84{\pm}5.80$). According to the injured parts of body, Injuries to the arms and the feet most frequent (79 patients, 40.7%), but the level of injury was the highest for internal organs and chest, $16.42{\pm}8.56$ and $11.23{\pm}6.97$, respectively. Conclusion: We used Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) in order to examine the characteristics by injured body part for pediatric multiple trauma patients. Because the degree of injury was the highest for internal organs or the chest, we need to more seriously examine and provide for patients who are suspected of having injuries to the internal organs or the chest. We need to quickly determine the need for surgery in patients with serious injuries to the arms and the feet, which is the greatest in frequency. In particular, we need to consider the surgical care of patients who are not very high in the severity of injury to their brains.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
• /
• 제49권2호
• /
• pp.133-144
• /
• 2016

본 연구에서는 수원 성균관대학교 내 Frequency Domain Reflectometry (FDR) 토양수분 측정 장비 및 COSMIC-ray 중성자 측정 장비를 통한 토양수분 지점 관측 사이트를 확립하였다. 또한 양질의 토양수분 데이터 확보를 위해 연구지역 내 토질실험, 토질별 FDR 토양수분 데이터 및 COSMIC-ray 중성자 개수의 시계열 분석, 관측한 토양수분 데이터와 위성 기반 토양수분 데이터와의 비교분석을 실시하였다. 2014년도부터 6개 지점에서 표층으로부터 5 cm에서 40 cm까지 총 24개의 FDR 센서를 5~10 cm 깊이별로 설치하여 토양수분 데이터를 측정하였다. 해당 지점들의 토질 분석결과, Sand에서 Loamy Sand까지의 다양한 토질이 불균질한 층을 이루어 분포되어 있는 것으로 판단되었다. 측정된 토양수분 데이터는 강우 데이터와 높은 상관성을 보이며, 위성 산출 토양수분 데이터와의 비교에서도 상대적으로 높은 상관관계와 낮은 평균제곱근편차(Root mean square deviation, RMSD)값을 보여주었다. 2014년도 설치 지역 토양수분 데이터의 신뢰도가 확보됨에 따라 2015년도에는 10개의 FDR 토양수분 측정 장비 및 COSMIC-ray 중성자 측정 장비가 추가로 설치되어 성균관대학교의 Soil Moisture site with FDR and COSMIC-ray(SM-FC) 연구지역이 구축되었다. SM-FC에 설치된 COSMIC-ray 중성자 측정 장비의 최초 검증을 위해 2015년 8~11월의 COSMIC-ray 중성자 데이터 및 FDR 토양수분 데이터가 활용되었다. 중성자기반 토양수분 값과 전체 지점 FDR 토양수분 평균값을 비교한 결과 매우 높은 상관관계를 볼 수 있었다 (상관계수 0.95). 이러한 연구를 통해 성균관대학교 SM-FC는 향후 한반도 지역 위성 및 모델 토양수분 데이터를 검증하는 대표 연구지역이 될 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.447-463
• /
• 1994

Despite the public health importance of injury and poisoning in terms of its high mortality and incidence, epidemiologic information to be utilized are scarce in Korea. This study was carried out in 1990 on a representative sample population (about 55,000 persons) along with the 6th National Tuberculosis Prevalence Survey in order to estimate the magnitude of injury and poisoning occurrence and to identify its epidemiologic characteristics which can be aided for establishing preventive strategy. Pre-tested and structured Questionnaire was used by trained interviewer to collect data including general information of the person, various information on the injury and poisoning during the past one year such as time and place of its occurrence, its nature and external causes, type of medical institute attended, duration of treatment and outcome of the accident occured. In analysis of the data collected incidence rates per 1000 persons by sex, age group and its nature as well as external causes, and relative frequencies were calculated. The result obtained are as followings; 1. The incidence rate per 1000 was 30 for both sexes, 39 for male and 22 for female, male being 1.8 times more frequent than female. Age adjusted incidences were not much different from the crude rates. Age group specific rate curve showed bimodal shape in both sexes, small peaks in preschool children and higher peaks in older ages. The incidence rate per 1000 people by area was highest in Jeon-bug province (57/1000) and the lowest in Daegu city(11/1000). 2. The place where the injuries occured were road in 46%, within the boundary of house in 25%, and working place in 12% The injuries and poisoning had occured more frequently during the months from March to August of the year than other months. 3. The relatively frequent injuries by its nature were contusion with intact skin surface (19%), fracture of upper limb (13%), open wound of head, neck and trunk (12%) and fracture of lower limb (11%) among males; contusion with intact skin surface (28%), sprains and strains of joints and adjacent muscle (14%), fracture of upper limb (10%) and fracture of lower limb (9%) among females. Higher incidence rate among males than females were fracture of skull (4.5 times), open wound and fractures of limbs ($2{\sim}3$ times). Age specific rate of injuries and poisoning by its nature showed increasing pattern by age in fractures of upper and lower limbs and sprains & strains of joints whereas the age group of 30's showed highest incidence in open wounds of upper limb. Fractures of radius and ulna in upper limb, fractures of tibia & fibula and ankle in lower limb were most frequent among fractures of upper and lower limbs. The frequent injuries among sprains and strains of joints and adjacent muscles were that of ankle, foot and back, and among open wound were that of head and fingers. 4. Relative frequency of injuries and poisoning by external causes showed following order : other accidents (25%), accidental falls (23%), motor vehicle accident (22%) and other road vehicle accident (14%) among males and accidental falls (37%), motor vehicle accident (24%) and other accident (18%) among females. The external causes revealing higher incidences among males than females, were other road vehicle accident (4.8 times), vehicle accident not elsewhere classifiable (4.4 times), accidental poisoning (4.4 times), accidents due to natural and environmental factors (2.8 times), and sucide & self-inflicted injuries (2.8 times). Age specific incidence by external causes for frequent injuries showed that incidence of other accident steadily increased from 10's till age 50's; motor vehicle traffic accident increased from age 20's and dropped after age 60's; on the other hand accidental fall increased strikingly by age. The most frequent external causes among motor vehicle traffic accidents was motor vehicle traffic accident involving collision with pedstrain (69%), pedal cycle accident (30%) and other road vehicle accident (71%) among other road vehicle accidents; falls on same level from slipping, tripping or standing (44%) and other falls from one level to another among accidental falls; accidents caused by machinary (32%) for male and striking against or struck accidentally by objects or person for female among other accidents. 5. Seventy nine percent of the injuries and poisonings were treated in general hospital or hospital/clinic. The duration of treatment ranged from a few days to 123 weeks; the majority(52%) took under 2 weeks, 36% for $3{\sim}8$ weeks and 4% over 21 weeks. 6. The accident resulted in full recovery of normal healthy state in 62%, residual functional defects in 21% and on process of treatment in 16%.

• 수면정신생리
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.45-53
• /
• 1998

연구배경 : 본 연구는 정상 단태 임부에서 임신 경과에 따른 수면양상의 변화 및 그 원인을 알아보고자 하였다. 방법 : 임신 제1 삼분기에 수면설문지를 작성한 임부를 대상으로, 임신 제2 및 제3 삼분기에도 동일한 수면 설문지를 가지고 추적조사를 하였다. 조사내용은 각 임신 시기에서의 수면 잠복기, 총 수면시간, 수면중 깨는 횟수, 각성시 회복감, 주간의 상태, 수면 자세, 수면 양상변화의 원인 등이었다. 결과 : 다음은 총 3회의 설문조사를 성실히 수행했던 26명의 임부에 대한자료분석의 결과이다. 1. 각 임신 시기와 임신전과의 비교 결과, 수면 잠복기는 임신 제1 및 제2 삼분기에서 감소하였고, 총 수면시간은 임신 제1, 제2 및 제3 삼분기에서 모두 증가하였다. 임신 제3 삼분기에는 수면 중 깨는 횟수가 증가하였고, 각성시 회복감이 감소하였다. 임신 제1, 제2 및 제3 삼분기 모두에서 주간에 피곤감과 졸리움이 증가하였다. 2. 각 임신 시기간의 비교 결과, 임신 제3 삼분기에는 수면 잠복기 및 수면중 깨는 횟수가 임신 제1 및 제2 삼분기보다 증가하였다. 또한 임신 제3 삼분 기에는 제1 및 제2 삼분기보다 각성시 회복감이 더 적었고, 주간의 졸리움도 더 심하였다. 3. 수면 자세는 임신 제1 및 제2 삼분기에 복와위 또는 앙와위를 취했던 임부도 제3 삼분기에는 모든 임부가 측와위를 취했다. 4. 수면양상변화의 원인으로서 임신제1 삼분기에는 오심과 구토, 속쓰림과 소화불량 및 빈뇨, 제2 삼분기에는 빈뇨, 태아의 움직임 및 둔부의 통증, 제3 삼분기에서는 빈뇨, 태아의 움직임, 하지의 경련과 요통순으로 많았다. 결론 : 이상의 결과는 정상 단태임신과 관련한 수면 변화의 자료로서, 향후 임부에서 수면위생의 향상과 수면장애의 치료를 위한 기초적 자료로 활용할 가치가 있다고 생각된다.

• 대한정형외과학회지
• /
• 제56권4호
• /
• pp.334-340
• /
• 2021

목적: 족관절 골절과 골다공증의 상관관계를 알아보기 위하여 족관절 골절 환자의 요추체와 대퇴골의 골밀도 값을 분석하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2002년 4월부터 2014년 7월까지 족관절 골절로 진단받고, 수상 후 1년 이내 골밀도 검사를 시행했던 100명의 환자를 분석하였다. 수상 당시 연령에 따라 50세 미만, 50세 이상 70세 미만, 70세 이상의 세 군으로 나누었고, 골절의 유형은 단과골절, 양과골절, 삼과골절로 분류하였다. 골밀도는 요추체(요추 1-4번 평균치), 대퇴골 경부, 대퇴골 전자부, 대퇴골 전체의 T점수, Z점수 및 골밀도 절대값(g/cm²)을 분석하였다. 결과: 족관절 골절 환자는 여자의 수가 남자보다 3.2배 많았다. 연령별 군에 따른 골다공증의 유병률은 50세 미만 군에서 0%, 50-69세 군에서 24.2%, 70세 이상 군에서 15%였고, 이중 50-69세 군에서 삼과골절 환자의 30%가 골다공증으로 나타났다. 전체 환자 군에서 연령이 낮을수록 단과 골절의 빈도가 높게 나타났다. 골밀도 값과 골절 유형과의 관계는 요추체의 T점수와 골밀도 절대값(g/cm²) 및 대퇴골 경부의 Z점수가 낮을수록 삼과 골절의 빈도가 증가하였으나, 이외의 다른 지표는 골절의 유형과 통계적으로 뚜렷한 상관관계를 보이지 않았다. 결론: 100명의 족관절 골절 환자를 분석한 결과, 여자의 수가 남자보다 많았으며 골다공증의 정도가 심하지 않을수록 삼과골절보다는 단과골절의 발생 빈도가 높은 경향을 보였지만, 족관절 골절과 대퇴골 및 요추의 골밀도 값과의 상관관계는 통계적으로 의미있게 나타나지 않았다.

• 마케팅과학연구
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2009

本研究的目的是对咖啡店的 "重要性"（顾客在光顾咖啡店以前的感知）和积极或消极的 "满意度"（顾客在光顾咖啡店以后的感受）之间的差距进行分类, 并分析这些差距对对购买行为的影响. 为此, 我使用重要性和满意度之间的差距作为选择咖啡店的解释变量, 并通过使用有序Probit模型（OPM）来实证分析差距对购买行为（整体满意度和愿意到再次光顾）的影响方向和大小. 先前使用IPA的研究评估了差距影响的方向和大小的象限, 但是在分析差距对顾客的影响方面却失败了. 在本研究中, 我评估了积极和消极的差距对顾客满意度和愿意去再光顾的影响. 通过使用OPM,我量化了积极和消极的差距对顾客整体满意度和愿意去再光顾的影响. 每个人的支出, 光顾的频率和购买咖啡的地方对顾客整体满意度有最积极的影响. 光顾的频率, 在每人的支出之后, 然后是购买咖啡的地方对顾客整体满意度有最积极的影响. 因此每个人的支出和光顾的频率对顾客整体满意度有最积极的影响. 这一发现意味着一个在咖啡店每次或每周花费5000韩元的顾客的实际的满意度越高（差距), 其整体满意度和愿意去再光顾就越高. 虽然经济效益对总体满意度和愿意去再光顾有显著影响, 但是大专和大学的学生仍然愿意去咖啡馆并愿意消费5000韩元, 因为他们不只是购买咖啡本身而且将咖啡店作为其他活动的场所, 例如工作, 和朋友见面或是放松的地方. 学院和大学的学生还可以在咖啡店通过个人电脑上网, 看电影, 学习, 因此, 咖啡馆应对顾客提供适当的设施和服务. 咖啡店品牌的积极差距对愿意去再光顾有积极的影响表明顾客满意度越高, 顾客越愿意去再光顾. 另一方面, 这一因素的消极差距意味着顾客满意度越低, 顾客再光顾的意愿也越低. 因此, 在本研究中, 与其他评估的因素相比, 品牌因素对满意度有较大的影响. 鉴于国内咖啡文化变得越来越高级, 大专院校的学生对这一趋势也很敏感, 所以学生有很多可选择的品牌. 在韩国最高级的咖啡店, 外墙是玻璃建造的并可以打开, 内部是充满异国情调的开放式厨房. 这些高级咖啡店作为标志的功能复合大专院校学生的品味. 韩国咖啡店已成为一个文化品牌. 从品牌因素来看, 为了让顾客觉得这些咖啡店是高级的, 高质量的设备和提供更好服务的措施应当建立起来. 韩国咖啡馆作为蓬勃发展的行业品牌竞争加剧的结果表明, 提供与竞争对手不同的额外服务是有必要的. 顾客可以免费使用扫描仪. 另一个可以用来提高品牌的战略是提供和经营为集体学习而准备的讨论会议室. 如果咖啡馆采取这些类型的策略, 学院/大学的学生将更有可能认为他们承担的费用是值得的, 随后, 他们将可能更满足这些咖啡馆的品牌, 并更愿意再次光顾. 性别和学习年数对总体满意度和再光顾的意愿有最消极的营销. 女学生比男学生更容易满足和再光顾. 三, 四年级的学生比一, 二年级的学生更容易满足和再光顾. 喝咖啡的学生, 单独在咖啡店看书, 用笔记本电脑是很容易被注意到的. 高年级学生为了有效地利用时间用于自我发展和寻找工作往往独自光顾咖啡店. 从积极的差距来看, 经济效率这一因素对总体满意度和愿意再光顾有最大的影响. 与咖啡价格一起, 学生实际满意度（差距）越高, 总体满意度和再光顾的意愿也越高. 有消极差距的经济效率队再光顾有消极营销的结果表明较小的消极差距可以让再光顾的意愿更高. 在持续恶化的市场环境中, 坐落在大专院校附近的咖啡店采取诸如积分或会员卡, 和信用卡 公司的战略联盟, 发展套餐菜单或季节菜单和免费咖啡服务这些战略来提高竞争力. 就消极差距而言产品功率也有消极的影响, 这表明较高的负差距会导致较低的再光顾的意愿. 因为还有更多的客户比前几十年, 在这十年里更喜欢咖啡, 新一代的客户, 即学院/大学的学生, 希望除了咖啡还有更重菜单项目. 因此, 咖啡店应当增加配菜项目, 如华夫饼, 糕, 蛋糕, 三明治和沙拉. 例如, 星巴克韩国正在努力加强卖草莓糕, 艾草香味, 南瓜产品, 并提供免费的咖啡或奶油. 总而言之, 咖啡馆应注重提高其经济效率, 品牌和产品功率, 以加强大专院校学生的满意度. 由于店铺毗邻学大专院校可享受地缘优势, 就经济效率, 品牌和产品功率而言提供不同的服务, 很可能会提高客户满意度和回访. 咖啡厅的品牌, 因此, 应不断创新和变化, 以满足顾客的愿望. 由于这项研究只是针对在首尔的大专院校的学生, 需要针对不同地区和年龄组的比较研究来概括本研究的结果和建议.