• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.83-89
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• 1997

About one-third of radiologically indeterminate solitary pulmonary nodules (SPN) are eventually turned out to be malignant. It is very important to noninvasively determine whether the SPN is malignant or not for the decision of its way of management. PET imaging is highlighted by its unique ability of imaging the function and metabolism of cells. Glucose metabolism is increased in malignant transformed cells. We peformed FDG-PET studies in patients who had radiologically indeterminate SPN and compared the findings with histologic diagnoses to assess the diagnostic accuracy in the detection of malignancy and to decide which parameter is the most suitable for clinical practice among peak SUV (pSUV), average SUV (aSUV), 50/10 ratio, and time-activity curve (TAC), Thirty patients were included in this study and the most useful parameter was pSUV. The sensitivity and specificity in the detection of malignant SPN using 3.5 as a cut off pSUV were both 87%. Interestingly, all 2 false-negative cases were bronch-ioloalveolar carcinoma on histologic examination. If these cases, which could be strongly suspected by CT findings, were excluded, the sensitivity of pSUV was 100%. In conclusion, PET imaging is very helpful for determining malignancy in indeterminate SPN and pSUV is a conveniently measurable parameter which is valuable for interpretation.

• Journal of Information Management
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.71-94
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• 2011

Query by visual example is the principal query paradigm for expressing queries in a content-based image retrieval environment. Query by image and query by sketch have long been purported as being viable methods of query formulation yet there is little empirical evidence to support their efficacy in facilitating query formulation. The ability of the searcher to express their information problem to an information retrieval system is fundamental to the retrieval process. The aim of this research was to investigate the query by image and query by sketch methods in supporting a range of information problems through a usability experiment in order to contribute to the gap in knowledge regarding the relationship between searchers' information problems and the query methods required to support efficient and effective visual query formulation. The results of the experiment suggest that query by image is a viable approach to visual query formulation. In contrast, the results strongly suggest that there is a significant mismatch between the searchers information problems and the expressive power of the query by sketch paradigm in supporting visual query formulation. The results of a usability experiment focusing on efficiency (time), effectiveness (errors) and user satisfaction show that there was a significant difference, p<0.001, between the two query methods on all three measures: time (Z=-3.597, p<0.001), errors (Z=-3.317, p<0.001), and satisfaction (Z=-10.223, p<0.001). The results also show that there was a significant difference in participants perceived usefulness of the query tools Z=-4.672, p<0.001.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2000

This study was carried out with 436 college students in Chungnam to investigate the relationship between residences and eating patterns of college students. The subjects were devided into two groups; those who live in self-boarding house(SB) and home with parents(HWP). The results were as follows. An average height, weight and BMI were 173.5cm, 66.0kg and 21.9 in male SB and 161.8cm, 50.2kg and 19.2 in female SB and 172.9cm, 67.6kg and 22.6 in male HWP and 161.2cm, 50.9kg and 19.6 in female HWP, respectively. There were no significant differences in the general characteristics between the SB and the HWP. The proportions of disease possession, vitamin/mineral supplements and physical exercise were not significantly different between two groups by residences. Sleeping time of the SB was longer than that of the HWP. And, frequency of cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking of the SB were higher than those of the HWP. The proportions of skipping meals in the SB were higher than those in the HWP. Approximately 40.42% of the SB tended to skip the breakfast, while 11.26% of the HWP did. It turns out that the most common reason why skipped meals was due to a eating habit(44.21%) in the SB and a lack of time(48.85%) in the HWP, respectively. The survey shows that while a great majority of the SB had lunch at campus(50.00%) and home(30.00%), the HWP ate lunch at campus(33.79%) and restaurant(33.33%). About 48% of the SB ate out more than 2-3 times a week compared to 42% of the HWP. The daily intakes of calcium, iron, vitamin A, vitamin $B_2$, niacin and vitamin C in the SB were significantly higher than those in the HWP. The percent RDAs of calcium and iron intakes were lower in female students than in male students. In conclusions, students of self-boarding had more dietary problems than students of home with parents. These results suggest that college students of self-boarding might have low ability of meal management. Therefore, nutrition education for college students is needed, and menus of campus cafeterias should be developed to meet the various needs of students.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.37-52
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• 2002

This study was made on the concerns and implementation of the ICT(Inormation and Communication Technology)-utilized lesson by home economics teacher. The objective of this study is to investigate the stages of concern and the level of use of the ICT-utilized lesson by home economics teachers in Kyunggi Province through the concerns based adoption model(CBAM) and to provide assistance for ICT-utilizing lesson to be efficiently adopted to home economics. This study made selected 200 schools by random sampling among 233 middle schools which have two or more home economic teachers and 21 or more classes in Kyunggi Province which has a total of 395 middle schools and mail-surveyed on 400 home economics teachers by means of questionnaire. The stages of concern. the levels of use and the types of implementation were used as instruments in this survey. The results of this study on the stages of concern. the levels of use and the type of implementation of the ICT-utilized lesson by home economics teachers in Kyunggi Province were as following: First. the highest point of the concern of home economics teachers of ICT-utilized lesson was the stage of awareness. the second highest point was the stage of management. the 3rd stage. and the stage of information. the lst stage. Second. the highest level of implementation of ICT-utilized lesson by home economics teachers was the level of mechanical use. the 3rd stage(30.4％), which followed by the level of orientation. the 1st stage(22.5％). and the level of nonuse(16.7％). the level of rountine use. the 4th stage(13.7％) the level of integration. the 5th stage(11.8％). the level of preparation 2(3.9％). and the level of renewal. the 6th stage(1.0％) Third, information search was the most in the type of ICT-use and in the course of lesson CD-ROM was used the most.. During ICT-utilized lesson. most of teachers used computer one to two hours a week mainly in the lessons of clothing life and eating life. Home economics teachers took the most training of how to use word-processor(68.6％) during computer education. and 60 teachers(66.0％) gave positive response about the effect of computer education on teacher's learning. Finally. the biggest problem with ICT-use in the teacher's learning was the long preparation time for lesson. and problem with ICT-utilized lesson was the burden of time and effort spent to buy needed materials and to recompose the existing materials for the lesson. Therefore. so as to adopt ICT-utilized lesson efficiently into school it is needed that active promotion for the lesson should be made to teachers. training teachers to raise their ability to use computer and various kinds of software should be expanded. and school authorities' financial and administrative assistance should be given for the smooth proceeding of the lesson.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.81-92
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• 2016

Purpose - In recent years, management scholars have expressed growing interest in the concept of person-Job fit because of having many benefits for employees' attitudes and behaviors. The related research is needed to determine what specific types of fit are related to each other, and to get important individual outcomes. Person-job fit of employees in service organization plays an important role in company as well as person in service industry. Person-job fit, representing the consistency between person (service provider) and job (service provided to the customers), gives significant and positive effects on the attitude and behavior of service provider. On the basis of the study background, the purpose of this study is as follows. First, we would like to examine the effects of person-job fit of service provider on their emotional intelligence. Emotional intelligence is divided into four sub-factors such as self-understanding, understanding others, emotional utilization, and emotional regulation. Second, we would like to identify the relationships between job satisfaction and sub-factors such as self-understanding, understanding others, emotional utilization, and emotional regulation. Research design, data, and methodology - We performed structural equation model using Spss 18.0 and Amos 20.0 in order to verify the hypotheses. Subjects were golf service assistants who were high-touching service with high degree in interaction and long contact time with customers. 178 out of the total 200 surveys were used in evaluation from helpers of golf service working as full-time service provider after selecting two locations of golf course located near Busan. From the evaluation of reliability and validity with variables used in this research, they satisfied and confirmed certain standard. Results - The results are as follows. First, as the results of identifying the relationships between person-job fit and emotional intelligence of service provider, person-job fit did not have positive and significant effect on self-understanding. On the other hand, it affected positively and significantly other factors in emotional intelligence such as emotion to others, emotional utilization, and emotional regulation. Second, as the results of identifying the relationship between emotional intelligence and job satisfaction, sub-factors in emotional intelligence such as emotion to others, emotional utilization, and emotional regulation except self-emotion affected significantly and positively job satisfaction. However, self-emotion did not have significant and positive effects on job satisfaction. Conclusion - These results will be valuable and used for service providers. In addition, many service providers will recognize that person-job fit is very important to get a job. This research has a purpose on the assumption that appropriateness between individual and task in service industry shall act as major influence in emotional intelligence of service provider. Recognitive ability of service provider is also very important per characteristics of service, but emotional intelligence that interacts and connected directly with most customers can be a very meaningful factor as well. Emotional intelligence allows people to recognize, understand, and empathize the emotion of customers shall be a positive reinforcement for customers to evaluate the service ultimately.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.26-35
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• 2021

Objective: This study was conducted to assess the level of pregnancy-associated glycoprotein (PAG) in whole and skim milk samples, and its suitability for early pregnancy diagnosis in goats. Methods: A two-step sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system for estimation of milk PAG was developed and validated, which employed caprine-PAG specific polyclonal antisera. Whole and skim milk samples (n = 210 each) from fifteen multiparous goats were collected on alternate days from d 10 to d 30, and thereafter weekly till d 51 post-mating. PAG levels in milk samples were estimated by ELISA and the pregnancies were confirmed at d40 post-mating by transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS). Results: The level of PAG in whole and skim milk samples of both pregnant and nonpregnant goats remained below the threshold values until d 24 after mating. Thereafter, PAG concentration in whole and skim milk increased steadily in pregnant goats, whereas it continued below the threshold in non-pregnant does. The PAG profiles in whole and skim milk of pregnant goats were almost similar and exhibited strong positive relationship (r = 0.891; p<0.001). Day 26 post-mating was identified as the first time-point for significantly (p<0.05) higher milk PAG concentration in pregnant goats than to non-pregnant goats. When compared to TRUS examination for pregnancy diagnosis, the accuracy and specificity of PAG ELISA using whole and skim milk samples were 94.5% and 95.4%; and 95.3% and 100%, respectively. The high values of area-under-curve (0.904 [whole milk] and 0.922 [skim milk]), demonstrate outstanding discrimination ability of the milk assays. Among the sampling dates chosen, d 37 post-mating was identified as the best suitable time point for collection of milk samples to detect pregnancy in goats. Conclusion: The PAG concentration in whole and skim milk of goats collected between days 26 and 51 post-breeding can be used for the accurate prediction of pregnancy and may be useful for assisting management decisions in goat flocks.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.63
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• pp.43-82
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• 2016

The purpose of this paper is to study the image of the 16th Century Honam Chinese poetry. for that, Park Sang, Im Eokryeong, Ko Gyeongmyeong in this study. This paper identified the characteristics of Ho Nam poetry is two things. First of all, is "literary talent does not acknowledge" consciousness and image of army. Park Sang, Im Eokryeong, Ko Gyeongmyeong was advanced to the center politics with excellent literary talent to the talents our 16th century Honam. However, at that time, the ruling layer was time to lead the politics. Therefore, the three people to frustration. Yet three people were criticizing the reality. And they thought that they were unhappy. It is unfortunate that they did because of their literary talent to be recognized. Three people were very sensitive to not be recognized literary talent. This is because they were subject to the management by the literary ability. It does not recognize the literary consciousness appears as sword, spear, admiral image. Second, The HwaIbulryu consciousness and image of integrity. Park Sang, Im Eokryeong, Ko Gyeongmyeong thought it not right politics. Yet continued to politics. This is not behavior that is typical scholar. What they did so because we follow a man named Yuhahye. A man named yuhahye pursue life, be it a dirty political reality was to continue the crest. But that never lose their integrity. Three people who will follow the life of this Yuhahye. This is a life attitude graft Japanese apricot flower, oriole, rock of pillar, appears as an image.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.397-405
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• 2020

The purpose of study was to compare respiratory function and quadriceps muscle activity in stroke patients by applying inspiratory muscle training combined with whole body vibration. In addition, the purpose of study is to present an exercise method for improving the respiratory function of stroke patients and the function of the lower limb muscles of stroke patients. Totally, 21 patients with Stroke patients were randomly assigned to two groups through clinical sampling. 11 patients who applied whole body vibration combined with respiratory exercise were randomly assigned to Experiment Group I, and 10 patients who applied placebo exercise combined with breathing exercise were randomly assigned to Experiment Group II. And for 5 weeks, 4 days/week, 1 time/day, 4 sets/1 time intervention program was implemented. Before intervention, the respiratory function was measured with a maximum inspiratory pressure meter, the lower extremity muscle activity was measured using the surface EMG, and the balance ability was measured using a bug balance test. And after 5 weeks, the post-test was re-measured and analyzed in the same way as the pre-test. In the comparison of changes within the group of experimental group I, there were significant differences in the activity and balance of the respiratory muscle strength, the biceps femoris, and the anterior tibialis muscle (p<.05). In the comparison of the changes in the experimental group I, there was a significant difference in respiratory strength and balance (p<.05). In the comparison of changes between groups, there was a significant difference in the activity of the biceps femoris and anterior tibialis (p<.01). In the future, research on protocols for respiratory exercise and whole body vibration to improve neuromuscular function is considered to be necessary.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.251-262
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• 2023

In this study, we examine other factors that may contribute to the decline in students' academic performance and educational attainment. Many media reports, as well as previous studies, have suggested that virtual learning is the main reason for the decline in students' academic performance. However, the 2020 National Student Achievement Survey, which was conducted in conjunction with the COVID-19 Distance Learning Environment Student Survey, showed that students were highly satisfied with distance learning (70-80%), and the analysis of the National Assessment of Educational Achievement showed that students' academic performance had already been declining year by year since 2017, with a general downward curve. For further confirmation, we analyzed the performance of high school students on mock exams and found that their performance was not normally distributed, but rather a right-skewed U-shaped distribution with a shrinking number of medians and severe polarization. We found that this phenomenon is not simply because of the mode or quality of the virtual classroom, but to a variety of factors, including environmental influences such as care and management at home, changes in investment in private education, increased time spent on online devices while taking virtual classes at the bottom, and increased time spent watching online content, games, and videos that are not related to learning.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.82-98
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• 2019

The importance of spatial information is rapidly rising. In particular, 3D spatial information construction and modeling for Real World Objects, such as smart cities and digital twins, has become an important core technology. The constructed 3D spatial information is used in various fields such as land management, landscape analysis, environment and welfare service. Three-dimensional modeling with image has the hig visibility and reality of objects by generating texturing. However, some texturing might have occlusion area inevitably generated due to physical deposits such as roadside trees, adjacent objects, vehicles, banners, etc. at the time of acquiring image Such occlusion area is a major cause of the deterioration of reality and accuracy of the constructed 3D modeling. Various studies have been conducted to solve the occlusion area. Recently the researches of deep learning algorithm have been conducted for detecting and resolving the occlusion area. For deep learning algorithm, sufficient training data is required, and the collected training data quality directly affects the performance and the result of the deep learning. Therefore, this study analyzed the ability of detecting the occlusion area of the image using various image quality to verify the performance and the result of deep learning according to the quality of the learning data. An image containing an object that causes occlusion is generated for each artificial and quantified image quality and applied to the implemented deep learning algorithm. The study found that the image quality for adjusting brightness was lower at 0.56 detection ratio for brighter images and that the image quality for pixel size and artificial noise control decreased rapidly from images adjusted from the main image to the middle level. In the F-measure performance evaluation method, the change in noise-controlled image resolution was the highest at 0.53 points. The ability to detect occlusion zones by image quality will be used as a valuable criterion for actual application of deep learning in the future. In the acquiring image, it is expected to contribute a lot to the practical application of deep learning by providing a certain level of image acquisition.