• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제9권10호
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• pp.371-376
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• 2018

본 연구는 전신진동 자극시 스쿼트의 형태에 따른 하지근육의 근활성 효과의 차이를 분석함으로써 전신진동운동의 효과를 규명하고 효율적인 운동을 위한 과학적 근거를 제시하는데 그 목적이 있다. 본 연구는 정형외과적 질환이 없는 건강한 20대 남성 10명을 대상으로 똑바로 선자세, 슬관절을 90도, 120도 굴곡시킨 일반적인 스쿼트 자세와 뒷꿈치를 들어 올린 혼합 스쿼트 자세의 진동자극 시 근활성도를 측정하였다. 근활성도는 외측비복근, 전경골근, 외측광근, 대퇴이두근에 근전도 전극을 부착한 후 RMS를 구하여 비교하였으며 진동 자극의 강도는 각 자세에서 볼륨 50, 80, 주파수 10, 25, 40Hz를 혼합하여 적용하였다. 분석 결과 외측비복근과 전경골근 외측광근에서 자세별 근활성도의 차이가 나타났고 뒷꿈치를 들어올린 자세에서 근활성 효과가 높음을 확인할 수 있었다. 이와 같은 결과는 전신진동 자극 시 스쿼트 자세와 강도에 따라 근활성 효과에 차이가 있으며, 운동의 효율을 극대화하기 위하여 목표 근육에 따라 다양한 자세와 강도가 적용되어야 함을 의미한다.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.60-67
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• 2008

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to investigate that the change of lower-limb muscle activity when normal gait and assistive gait of older. Methods : The selected subjects of this study were 11 older who be in good physical health and have not problem to gait and over 60 age to analyze the muscle activity. This study has been conducted to analyze the muscle activity of normal gait and assistive gait in unitary status without any contrast group. We have them gait condition of a gradient of 0% and velocity of 1km/h, 2km/h, 3km/h electrode were attached to the motor point of Rectus femoris, Hamstrings, Tibialis anterior, Calf muscle. When normal gait and assistive gait performs, there are meaningful differences that the muscle activity takes a small drop in Rectus femoris by 9.17% at 1km/h, 9.79% at 2km/h, 13.80% at 3km/h, hamstring by 14.78% at 1km/h, 17.82% at 2km/h, 17.26% at 3km/h, Tibialis anterior by 24.38% at 1km/h, 23.85% at 2km/h, 33.52% at 3km/h, Calf muscle by 13.68% at 1km/h, 16.70% at 2km/h, 18.37% at 3km/h(p<0.05). Results : They show the significant difference in statistical figure. We've received the significant through the comparison between normal gait and assistive gait. These results will be utilized for the preliminary date in the future.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.227-235
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• 2012

이 연구에서는 최근 국내에서 개발된 보행용 기능성 신발 중 걷기 효율성을 변화시키는 복합적 기능성 신발(double rocker sole;CDR)과 negative-heel rocker sole(NR)형태 신발의 근육 활성도를 비교하였다. 연구대상은 하지정형 외과적 질환이 없는 40-50대 중년여성 11명을 대상(연령 $47.33{\pm}4.4$, 신장 $158.00{\pm}3.3$cm, 체중 $59.50{\pm}6.1$, BMI $23.80{\pm}1.8kg/m^2$)으로 하였다. 연구결과 좌,우측의 내측광근, 비복근, 반건양근에서는 근활성도의 수준은 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았지만, CDR신발이 전경골근에서 통계적으로 유의하게 높은 결과가 나타났다(p<.05). 걷기운 동시 동일한 조건속에 운동을 실시할 경우 신발 밑창의 변화를 통해 인위적으로 운동량을 증가시킬 수 있을 것이다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.57-63
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• 2009

Purpose: To better understand falls in elderly women, we measured differences in muscle activities of 4 lower extremity muscles (tibialis anterior, soleus, rectus femoris, biceps femoris) based on angle plantar-flexion in elderly women. Methods: Subjects were 15 healthy elderly women. No subjects had musculoskeletal or nervous disorders. EMGs were used to check muscle activity of lower extremity muscles. For statistic analysis, data were expressed as a percentage of maximal voluntary isometric contraction (%MVIC). We measured %MVIC for 5 sec under 4 conditions and did not use data for the first and last second. Muscle activities of the muscles of the lower extremities were measured based on the degree of plantar-flexion of the ankle joint. The 4 conditions corresponded to different degrees of: 0, 10, 20 and 30 degrees. This was done using a 50 cm board for measuring the degrees. Results: The tibialis anterior, soleus, and bicpes femoris showed increasing muscle activity associated with increasing degree of plantar-flexion of the ankle joint. All muscles showed a significant increase in muscle activities in association with increasing degrees. Rectus femoris showed a significant increase in muscle activity for 0 degrees and for the other degrees, but there were no further changes when plantar flexion of the ankle joint was over 10 degrees. Conclusion: Activities of the muscles of the lower extremities except rectus femoris were higher with increasing degree of plantar flexion. High muscle activity may result in muscle fatigue. Thus, increasing degree of plantar flexion may be risk factors of falls in elderly women.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.287-293
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Hoehn-Yahr scale on the activation of lower-extremity muscles during walking. Electromyography (EMG) analysis was carried out on 36 patients with Parkinson's disease in the off phase of the medication cycle. We recorded EMG signals of the tibialis anterior (TA), medial gastrocnemius (MG), lateral gastrocnemius (LG), soleus (SOL), rectus femoris (RF), vastus lateralis (VL), semitendinosus (ST) and biceps femoris (BF) using Noraxon 16 channels EMG system during walking at preferred speed. Rectified EMG signals were normalized to reference voluntary contractions (RVC) over a gait cycle at the preferred speed, allowing for an assessment of how the activity was distributed over the gait cycle. Compared to the H & Y Scale 1, H & Y Scale 3 exhibited greater activation of the vastus lateralis during mid-stance and greater activation of the medial gastrocnemius during terminal swing. Compared to the H & Y Scale 1, H & Y Scale 2 and 3 exhibited less activation of the tibialis anterior during initial swing. We conclude that the more Hoen & Yahr Scale increase, the more abnormal lower-extremity muscles activation.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.19-30
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of foot orthotics on the overall comfort and muscle activity during running. The subjects were 10 members from the joggers' club which consisted of 2 women and 8 men. These individuals ran on the treadmill by 4.0m/s speed with and without the custom foot orthotics. The data concerning the overall comfort was collected by a questionairre that examined the overall comfort, heel cushioning, forefoot cushioning, medio-lateral control, arch height, heel cup fit, shoe heel width, forefoot width, and shoe length The MegaWin ver. 2.1(Mega Electronics lid, Ma. Finland) was used to gain electromyography signals of the muscle activity; Tibialis anterior, medial gastronemius, lateral gastronemius, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, biceps femoris, and rectus femoris were measured. The results of the study were as follows. 1. During running the overall comfort was higher for the foot arthotic condition than the nonorthotic condition. Among the inquiries the overall comfort showed the biggest difference comparing the two conditions. and the shoe heel width showed the highest score for contort. 2 The muscle activity of the biceps femoris, and vastus lateralis in the stance period decreased. due to the foot orthotics. The muscle activity of the vastus medialis in the swing period also decreased and the muscle activity tibialis anterior in the stance and swing stance decreased as well During running, orthotics showed positive result in foot comfort. The foot comfort related to decreased stress, muscle activity, and foot arch strain. Overall comfort and the adequate decrease of muscle activity were associated with injury prevention and the best method to prevent injury semms to be the maintenance of foot comfort.

• 대한임상전기생리학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.33-37
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• 2010

Purpose : We investigated the effects of the insole types on lower leg muscle activation during treadmill walking. The three insole types investigated for this study were normal insole, medial wedge insole, and viscoheel. Methods : Participants were assigned into three groups. People with foot transformation were excluded from this study. Each participant walked for ten minutes. The first day we applied a normal insole. On the second day, a medial wedge insole was applied. Finally, on the last day a viscoheel was applied. After walking on a treadmill for ten minutes, we measured muscle activation in lower leg muscles (gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior). Surface electromyography (EMG) was used to measure muscle activity. The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures to determine the statistical significance. Results : The results of this study were summarized as follows. While walking on the treadmill, root mean square (RMS) values of the gastrocnemius when the viscoheel was applied were significantly lower than the other insole types. There was no significant difference for the RMS values for the tibialis anterior using viscoheel. The normal insole and viscoheel insole were significantly different in a post hoc analysis. However, there was no significant difference for normal insole and medial wedge insole. Conclusion : Using a viscoheel insole decreases muscle activity of the lower leg. Therefore, in conclusion, the viscoheel insole type reduces the load on the lower leg during walking.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.7-21
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• 2014

Objectives : To observe the regenerative effects of indirect moxibustion, a traditional Korean medical treatment on skeletal muscles using mouse model of skeletal muscle adiposity. Methods : Twenty seven ICR male mice were randomly assigned into Intact control(n=3), glycerol treatment together without moxibustion(n=12), and glycerol treatment together with moxibustion (n=12) groups. Mice of glycerol treatment groups were injected with 50 ${\mu}l$ DW(distilled water) containing 50 % of glycerol into the two tibialis anterior. After injection, moxibustion was applied at 'Shenshu'($BL_{23}$) and 'Zusanli'($ST_{36}$) acupoints three times per each session, every days for twelve days(total 12 treatments). Phospho-Erk1/2, Myostatin protein levels were analyzed by western blotting and immunofluo-rescence staining techniques for tissues of the tibialis anterior muscle. Smad, phospho-Smad were analyzed by immunofluorescence staining. Results : 1. Histological analysis of sections from injected TA muscles showed that glycerol induced rapidly muscle necrosis, with a maximum at day 3. 6 days and 9 days after injection, muscle was regenerating. 2. According to western blotting and immunofluorescence staining, phospho-Erk1/2 protein signals in glycerol treatment with moxibustion group were stronger compared to Intact and glycerol treatment without moxibustion group. 3. According to western blotting and immunofluorescence staining, myostatin protein signals in glycerol treatment without moxibustion group were stronger compared to Intact and glycerol treatment with moxibustion group. 4. According to immunofluorescence staining, Smad protein signals in glycerol treatment without moxibustion group were stronger compared to Intact and glycerol treatment with moxibustion group. 5. According to immunofluorescence staining, phospho-Smad protein signals in glycerol treatment without moxibustion group were stronger compared to Intact and glycerol treatment with moxibustion group. Conclusions : These results confirm that indirect moxibustion of 'Shenshu'($BL_{23}$) and 'Zusanli'($ST_{36}$) influences muscle regeneration in mouse models of skeletal muscle adiposity. Further discussion, and the establishment of moxibustion mechanism will prompt clinical application of moxibustion.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2002

This study was designed to identify the effects of walking conditions (normal walking vs. toe-walking) on electromyographic (EMG) activity of gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior, and soleus muscle. Seven healthy adult males participated in this study. The exclusion criteria were orthopedic or neurologic disease, congenital anomaly or acquired deformity, or pain in low back or lower extremities. The maximal voluntary isometric contraction for each muscle was used for the reference contraction, and EMG activity of each muscle during normal walking and toe-walking was expressed as a percentage of reference contraction. The gait cycle was determined with two foot switches, and gait was normalized as 100% gait cycle for each condition. The maximal values of EMG activity in terminal stance (30~50% of gait cycle) of each condition were compared for data analysis. No significant differences were found in EMG activity of the tibialis anterior and soleus (p>.05), whereas significant decrement was found in EMG activity of gastrocnemius during toe-walking compared to normal walking (p<.05). There is a limitation to generalize the results of this study, because small number of subjects participated for this study and only EMG was used for data collection. The treatment methods should be developed to improve gait efficiency by substituting the weakened muscles secondary to upper motor neuron, or by strengthening the distal muscles in lower extremity.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.147-154
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• 2007

This study's purpose is to investigate the effects on leg muscle activity caused by perturbation, using a trapdoor system during the support phase of gait for healthy adults (n = 6, height $177.5{\pm}5.5cm$, weight $81.0{\pm}9.5kg$, age $30.0{\pm}3.3yrs$). The trapdoor had the functional ability of causing inversion or eversion. The release time for the trapdoor was specified for two times, 0.3 and 0.5 seconds after heel contact. While altering these variables, EMG was recorded for the leg muscles (rectus femoris, biceps femoris, vastus lateralis, tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius, soleus). The following conclusions were derived. The steptime was longer for the 0.5s eversion than 0.3s inversion condition. So in order to regain stability after the perturbation the unsupporting leg reached forward rapidly. This quick reflex can be observed through the center of pressure (COP) and its rapid change in direction. The gastrocnemius was activated throughout the total experiment. There was a low amount of activity recorded in the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis and tibialis anterior except for the condition of inversion 0.3s. For most of the conditions, the highest average EMG peak values were recorded during the condition of inversion 0.3s. The iEMG patterns were similar for the conditions of inversion 0.3s and eversion 0.3s. To cope with the rapid change in these conditions, the biceps femoris was activated. During the experiment except for the condition of normal gait, the activity of the soleus and gastrocnemius was relatively high. Therefore, to prevent injury from perturbation of the lower leg strengthening of the soleus and gastrocnemius is required. Likewise to prevent injury to the thigh strengthening for the biceps femoris.