• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권11호
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• pp.1638-1642
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• 2006

An experiment was conducted to elucidate the effect of graded levels of vitamin $D_3$ in White Leghorn (WL) layer breeders on egg production, shell quality, hatchability of eggs and juvenile performance of offspring during their late laying period (72-88 wk). White Leghorn breeder females were randomly divided into 5 groups of 50 each and were housed in individual California cages in an open-side housing system. Considering birds in five cages as a replicate, 10 such replicates were randomly allotted to each treatment. A basal diet was formulated containing all the nutrients as recommended for WL layers except vitamin $D_3$, which served as control. Another, four diets were formulated by supplementing graded levels of feed grade crystalline cholecalciferol to the basal diet that contained 300, 600, 1,200 and 2,400 ICU of vitamin $D_3$ per kg. Each diet was offered ad libitum to one of the above five treatment groups. The egg production, egg weight, daily feed consumption and the feed intake per dozen eggs or kg egg mass of the birds fed diet without any supplemental vitamin $D_3$ was comparable with those of supplemental groups. Similarly, the level of vitamin in the diet did not have any effect on any of the above parameters. However, the specific gravity of eggs laid by the birds fed the diet without supplemental vitamin $D_3$ was comparable with either 600 or 2,400 ICU supplemental groups but significantly higher when compared to the 300 and 1,200 ICU groups. The egg -shell breaking strength was significantly lowered in the 600 ICU supplemental groups as compared to the strength of other dietary groups. The Haugh unit, egg shell weight, shell thickness, tibia breaking strength, bone ash and calcium content were not influenced by vitamin $D_3$ concentration in the diet. Serum Ca concentration was influenced by vitamin $D_3$ level in the diet. The serum Ca concentration of birds fed either control or the vitamin supplemented diet up to 1200 ICU/kg diet was comparable. However, increasing the concentration of vitamin $D_3$ to 2,400 ICU/kg diet significantly enhanced the concentration of Ca in the serum, which was significantly higher compared to other dietary groups. The serum concentration of P and protein, however, was not influenced by level of vitamin $D_3$ in the diet. Neither fertility nor hatchability was influenced by vitamin $D_3$ concentration in the diet. Feeding a vitamin $D_3$ deficient diet or supplementation of vitamin to hens did not have any influence on their progeny chicks. It can be concluded that dietary supplementation of vitamin $D_3$ may not be essential for optimum production, shell quality, hatchability, and juvenile performance of WL breeders during 72 to 88 weeks of age.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.60-66
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of bone boiling duration on bovine bone extract supplement quality in terms of growth performance, leg bone length, and blood profile in broilers. A total of twenty ROSS 308 broilers (initial BW of $970{\pm}50g$) were randomly divided into the following 4 treatment groups: CON (basal water), T1 (1 : 1 ratio water to bone extract boiled for six hours), T2 (1 : 1 ratio water to bone extract boiled for 12 hours), and T3 (1 : 1 ratio water to bone extract boiled for 24 hours). The broilers were allowed free access to the source of fluid or diets. Average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG), and feed efficiency showed no significant differences among treatments during this experiment. However, broilers fed bone extract boiled for six hours showed a tendency for increased ADG to other treatments (p < 0.17). No significant differences were observed in organ weights (liver, spleen, bursa of fabricius) or blood profiles among the treatments during the experiment, but broilers fed bone extract boiled for six hours showed a tendency for decreased cholesterol, triglycerides, and HDL compared to the control diet. In the case of leg bone length, there were significant difference (p < 0.05) on tibia and femur among treatments. It was concluded that the six hour-boiled bone extract supplementation had beneficial effects on growth performance and blood profile of broilers.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.295-306
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• 2009

본 실험에서는 사료 내 Ca 공급 수준의 증가 및 25-$(OH)D_3$의 첨가 급여가 산란종계에서 후기 난각질 강화 및 종란 생산성에 미치는 영향을 검토하기 위한 목적으로 수행하였다. 60주령 Hy-Line Brown 산란종계 암탉 540수와 수탉 54수를 공시하여 사료 내 Ca을 3.3%, 3.9% 및 4.5% 로 하고, 25-$(OH)D_3$를 각각 0, 75 및 $150{\mu}g/kg$ 수준으로 첨가한 총 9개 실험사료를 10주간 급여하였다. 주별로 사료섭취량을 조사하였고, 산란율과 난중은 매일 조사하였다. 종란율과 부화율 조사를 위해 생산된 종란을 주별로 처리하였다. 실험사료 급여 후 주별로 생산된 계란을 반복구별로 10개씩 수집하여 난각질 측정에 이용하였다. 실험 종료 시 반복구별로 평균체중이 비슷한 개체를 선발하여 채혈 후 희생시킨 다음 경골을 적출하였다. 채취한 경골은 화학적 조성의 분석을 위한 시료로 이용하였고, 얻어진 혈액에서도 성분 분석을 실시하였다. 산란율은 Ca 3.9% 첨가구가 Ca 3.3%와 Ca 4.5% 첨가구에 비해 유의한 증가가 나타났으며(P<0.01), 25-$(OH)D_3$의 무첨가구에서 25-$(OH)D_3$ 첨가구에 비해 유의하게(P<0.01) 높게 나타났다. 난각강도는 Ca 4.5% 첨가구가 Ca 3.9%와 Ca 3.3% 첨가구에 비해 유의하게 개선되었으며(P<0.01), 25-$(OH)D_3$ $150{\mu}g/kg$ 첨가구에서 25-$(OH)D_3$ $70{\mu}g/kg$ 첨가구와 25-$(OH)D_3$ 무첨가구에 비해 유의하게 개선되었다(P<0.01). 수정율은 Ca 급여수준 변화 및 25-$(OH)D_3$의 첨가 급여에 따라 처리구간에 큰 차이는 없는 것으로 나타났으나, 입란대 부화율은 25-$(OH)D_3$ $150{\mu}g/kg$ 첨가구에서 25-$(OH)D_3$ 무첨가구에 비해 유의하게(P<0.05) 높게 인정되었다. 경골내 Ca 함량은 Ca 4.5% 급여구에서 Ca 3.3% 급여구 및 Ca 3.9% 급여구에 비해 유의한 차이가 나타났으나(P<0.05), 25-$(OH)D_3$의 첨가 효과는 인정되지 않았다. 상기의 결과로부터 산란종계의 후기 난각질 개선을 위해서는 사료 내의 Ca 수준을 비교적 높게 설정하는 것이 유리하며, 25-$(OH)D_3$의 첨가에 의해서도 난각질이 개선될 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 25-$(OH)D_3$를 $150{\mu}g/kg$ 첨가에 의해 입란대 부화율이 유의하게 개선되는 결과가 시사되었다. 그러나 25-$(OH)D_3$를 $150{\mu}g/kg$ 수준으로 첨가했을 때 관찰된 산란율의 저하에 대해서는 그 원인을 밝히기 위한 추가적인 연구가 필요하겠다.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.130-135
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• 2013

Purpose: Preshaped Locking compression plate(LCP) has holes with fixed angle between screw and plate and have advantage firm fixation because it has stability of angular and axial deformity. We evaluated usefulness of LCP after open reduction and internal fixation in distal fibular fracture. Materials and Methods: Between December 2011 and May 2012, 23 patients with fracture of distal fibula were followed up at least 12 months underwent open reduction and internal fixation with LCP. There were 15 males and 8 females with a mean age 39.8(20~69) years. According to Danis-Weber classification, there were 20 cases of type B and 3 cases of type C. There were 13 cases of isolated lateral malleolus fractures, 1 case of bimalleolar fracture, 6 cases of trimalleolar fractures and 3 cases of distal tibia fractures with proximal fibula fracture. Intraoperatively, we assessed whether preshaped LCP fit lateral margin of distal fibula or not and evaluated quality of reduction and postoperative complications. The cases were analyzed by radiological bone union time and clinical results according to the criteria of Meyer Results: Of all cases, complete bone union was achieved and average radiological bone union time was 7.3(6~12) weeks. The clinical results were excellent in 18 cases(78%), good in 5 cases(22%). There were 5 cases of plate with 3 holes, 13 cases of plate with 4 holes, 2 cases of plate with 5 holes, 1 case of plate with 6 holes and 2 cases of plate with 7 holes. The average number of screws at proximal fragement was 2.5 and at distal fragment was 3.5. In 14 cases (60.8 %), we needed re-bending of plate because the distance between plate and lateral cortical margin of distal fibula was more than 5 mm at anteroposterior X-ray after reduction. All cases have anatomical reduction and there were no complications of wound infections. There were no complaint about hardware irritation. Conclusion: At fractures of distal fibula,preshaped LCP had a excellent stability although far cortex was not fixed with screw and bending of plate. And there are less complications of hardware irritation and wound problems. But, Some complement would be needed because there were no complete fitting between precontour of LCP and lateral cortical margin of distal fibula.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.379-391
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• 2003

The present study was undertaken to evaluate bone regenerative capacity around titanium screw implants placed in irradiated rat's tibiae. At one week after single 15-Gy dose irradiation, miniaturized titanium screw implants were inserted into anterior aspect of the upper tibia of rats weighing 200-250g. Seventy rats were involved: 35 rats were control and 35 rats radiation group. The rats were killed at different intervals as 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 weeks after implantation for histologic observation, histomorphometric analysis and immunohistochemical study with fibronectin and CD34 antibody. 1. Histologically, various stages of bone maturation and ossification can be seen at 4 weeks and regenerated bone close to edges demonstrates more advanced calcification, and network of new bone are well formed at 12 weeks in non-irradiated group. In contrast, active bone formation with increased contact of newly formed bone to implant surface was noted at 4 weeks and a significant amount of new bone formation and bone-implant contact is oberved at 12 weeks in irradiated group. 2. Histomorphometrical analysis confirmed these histologic findings. A significant difference in implant-bone contact and bone density was measured between the control and radiation group. Mean MBD was 62.2% in control group and 27.5% in radiation group, mean MBIC was 86.6% in control group and 47.7% in radiation group, and mean TBIC was 87.3% in control group and 45.6% in radiation group at 12 weeks after implantation. 3. In immunohistochemical study with fibronectin and CD34, radiation reduced hematopoietic progenitor cells severely and disturbed differentiation of osteoblast in bone marrow. The results of this study revealed bone healing capacity around implant after radiation therapy was severely impaired and irradiation reduces the capacity for osseointegration of titanium implants. Many factors including radiation dose, period between radiation and implantation, bone quality, time elapse between first and second surgery, type of prosthetics and hyperbaric oxygen therapy must be considered carefully in postradiation implantation.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.129-138
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• 2020

Rosenberg Method 특성상 환자는 일정한 시간 동안 자세 유지가 필요하고 무릎 골곡 각도에 따라 관절공간이 다양한 형태로 관찰이 되어 검사에 어려움이 발생하고 있다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하고자 보조기구를 자체 제작하여 보조기구의 유용성을 평가하기 위해 화질을 평가하였다. 하지 Phantom을 이용한 보조기구의 유·무에 대한 SNR과 CNR 그리고 보조기구 자체에 대한 각도의 비교에서 모두 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다(p < 0.05). 보조기구 유·무로 오른쪽과 왼쪽의 내측과 가장자리 사이 거리를 측정한 결과, 보조기구 사용 무(96.00±40.6 mm), 보조기구 유( 134.86±17.68 mm), 통계적으로 유의하게 나타났다(p < 0.05). 대퇴골과 경골에 대한 aLDFA의 관계를 알아보고자 보조기구 유·무를 통해 오른쪽과 왼쪽의 aLDFA을 측정하였고, 오른쪽 aLDFA 보조기구 무 (74.63°±4.87), 보조기구 유(78.91°±3.12), 통계적으로 유의하게 나타났고(p < 0.05), 왼쪽 aLDFA 보조기구 무 (76.39°±4.62), 보조기구 유(79.64°±3.65), 통계적으로 유의하게 나타났다(p < 0.05). 그러나 보조기구 유·무로 오른쪽과 왼쪽의 몸쪽 정강종아리관절과 외측과의 겹친 부위의 거리를 측정한 결과, 오른쪽과 왼쪽 모두 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다(p < 0.05). 결론적으로 자체 제작한 보조기구를 사용하여 무릎과 무릎 사이의 간격이 일정한 진단적으로 가치 있는 영상을 획득할 수 있으며, 대퇴골과 경골의 aLDFA의 관계를 통해 각도가 작을수록 내측과가 JSW에 겹침을 알 수 있었고, 보조기구를 사용으로 aLDFA의 Normal Range 값에 유사한 값을 도출되어 유의성을 확인하였다. 그러나 몸쪽 정강종아리관절과 외측과의 겹친 부위의 거리 평가로 내회전, 외회전에 주의할 필요성이 있는 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제65권2호
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• pp.336-350
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• 2023

Two experiments were conducted in this research. Experiment 1 investigated the spatial expression characteristics of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) transporters in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum of 21-day-old broilers provided with adequate nutrient feed. Experiment 2 evaluated the effects of dietary vitamin D₃ (VD₃) concentration (0, 125, 250, 500, 1,000, and 2,000 IU/kg) on growth performance, bone development, and gene expression levels of intestinal Ca and P transporters in 1-21-day-old broilers provided with the negative control diet without supplemental VD₃. Results in experiment 1 showed that the mRNA levels of calcium-binding protein 28-kDa (CaBP-D28k), sodium-calcium exchanger 1 (NCX1), plasma membrane calcium ATPase 1b (PMCA1b), and IIb sodium-phosphate cotransporter (NaPi-IIb) were the highest in the broiler duodenum. By contrast, the mRNA levels of inorganic phosphate transporter 1 (PiT-1) and 2 (PiT-2) were the highest in the ileum. Results in experiment 2 showed that adding 125 IU/kg VD₃ increased body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), bone weight, and percentage and weight of Ca and P in the tibia and femur of 1-21-day-old broilers compared with the negative control diet (p < 0.05). The rise in dietary VD₃ levels from 125 to 1,000 IU/kg further increased the BWG, FI, and weights of the bone, ash, Ca, and P (p < 0.05). No difference in growth rate and leg bone quality was noted in the broilers provided with 1,000 and 2,000 IU/kg VD₃ (p > 0.05). Supplementation with 125-2,000 IU/kg VD₃ increased the mRNA abundances of intestinal Ca and P transporters to varying degrees. The mRNA level of CaBP-D28k increased by 536, 1,161, and 28 folds in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, respectively, after adding 1,000 IU/kg VD₃. The mRNA levels of other Ca and P transporters (PMCA1b, NCX1, NaPi-IIb, PiT-1, and PiT-2) increased by 0.57-1.74 folds by adding 1,000-2,000 IU/kg VD₃. These data suggest that intestinal Ca and P transporters are mainly expressed in the duodenum of broilers. Moreover, the addition of VD₃ stimulates the two mineral transporter transcription in broiler intestines.