• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.28 no.1 s.66
• /
• pp.123-133
• /
• 1998

The effectiveness of TiN ion-plating was examined with TiN ion-plated Co-Cr wires(.016“, .016”x.022“) on three different types of bracket(TiN ion-plated metal bracket ceramic bracket and plastic bracket). Maximum static frictional forces and characteristic curves obtained from the frictional characteristic graph, were compared and surface roughness of wires and bracket slots before and after friction experiment was observed by SEM. The obtained results were as follows $\cdot$The frictional forces of TiN ion-plated wires were significantly lower than those of non ion-plated wires(p<0.05). $\cdot$On the effect of wire shape, the frictional forces of round wires were significantly lower than those of rectangular wires(p<0.05) $\cdot$As the result of the SEM observation on the wires and bracket slots after the friction experiment the surface of non ion-plated wires was rougher than that of TiN ion-plated ones. $\cdot$The difference between the static frictional forces and the kinetic frictional forces was not significant in case of the TiN ion-plated round ins, but the static frictional forces were a little higher than the kinetic frictional forces in the TiN ion-plated rectangular wires. $\cdot$The static frictional forces were much higher than the kinetic frictional forces in the case of non ion-plated wires.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.23 no.3 s.42
• /
• pp.327-340
• /
• 1993

The purpose of this study was to estimate the possibility of practical application of TiN ion-plating method on orthodontic appliances. TiN was coated on the surface of orthodontic stainless steel roll band by means of ion-plating method, and colorimetric properties of its obtained TiN film were investigated by using color analyzer. Also its corrosion and discoloration properties were compared with those of non ion-plated stainless steel roll band by using immersion test, which was done in 1N HCl solution for 10 days. Both weight changes and surface corrosion appearances of specimens for each day were respectively investigated by using electronic weighing machine and SEM(Scanning Electron Microscope). The discoloration degress of TiN-coated specimens immersed in 1N HCl solution were investigated by using color analyzer and then judged by N.B.S.(National Bureau of Standard) Unit. The results of this study were summarized as follows. o TiN ion-plated films showed the hue of 5Y, the value of 7, and the chroma of 3 by Munsell notations. o The weight losses and surface changes of TiN ion-plated specimens immersed in 1N HCl solution were less than those of non ion-plated specimens. It was shown, therefore, that the corrosion resistance was significantly improved by TiN ion-plating. o The discoloration degrees of non ion-plated specimens were too significant to be examined by color analyzer, while those of TiN ion-plated specimens were slight when judged by N.B.S. Unit. It was also apparent, therefore, that the anti-discoloration property was significantly improved by TiN ion-plating.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.21 no.1 s.33
• /
• pp.7-16
• /
• 1991

To estimate the possibility of the application of TiN ion-plating to the orthodontic appliance, colorimetric properties, and characteristics of ion-plated film as well as adhesive strength of TiN film to the substrate and mechanical properties of ion-plated orthodontic appliance were investigated. The obtained results were as follows: 1) TiN ion-plated film had the colorimetric properties which were the hue of about 2.5 Y, the brightness of about 6, and the chroma of about 4 by the standard color chip of JIS. 2) TiN ion-plated film was $2{\mu}m$ in thickness and its deposition pattern was rather irregular. 3) TiN phase was confirmed on the X-ray diffraction pattern. 4) Critical load for delamination of ion-plated film from stainless steel band was 10N. 5) Tensile and yield strength of ion-plated specimen was increased about 10Kg $f/mm^2$, while elongation was decreased $1\%$ compairing to the values of the non ion-plated specimen.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.115-125
• /
• 2000

TiN films were deposited onto Stellite 6B alloy (Co base) by the reactive magnetron sputter ion plating. As the bias increases, TiN film changes from columnar structure to dense structure with great hardness and smooth surface due to densification and resputtering by ion bombardment. The content of oxygen and carbon impurities in the TiN film decreases greatly when the substrate bias is applied. The preferred orientation of the TiN films changes from (200) to (111) with decreasing $N_2$/Ar ratio, and from (200) to (111) and then (220) with increasing the substrate bias. The change of the preferred orientation is discussed in terms of surface energy and strain energy which are related to the impurity contents and the ion bombardment damage. The hardness of the TiN film increases with increasing compressive stress generated in the film by virtue of ion bombardment. It becomes as high as up to 3500kgf/mm$^2$ when an appropriate substrate bias is applied.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.157-171
• /
• 1997

This study was conducted to see the effect of TiN ion-plating on the bond strength of orthodontic bracket. Three stainless-steel brackets with different base types were chosen; when TiN ion-plated brackets and non iorrplated brackets were bonded to the teeth, initial and long-term bond strength were measured, The observations oi bonding surface and failure sites through the scanning electron microscope were analysed and compared. The summary of this study was as follows; ${\cdot}$ When TiN ion-plating was not applied, the Micro-Loc type was the highest in bond strength atter 24 hours as $5.89{\pm}1.77$ MPa, followed by $4,27{\pm}1.12MPa$ for Foil Mesh type and $2.64{\pm}0.58MPa$ for Undercut type(P<0.05). ${\cdot}$ Under TiN ion-plating, the bond strength after 24 hours showed: Micro-Loc type $-6.26{\pm}1.51MPa$, Foil Mesh type $-7.45{\pm}2.01MPa$, Undercut type $-2.93{\pm}0.84MPa$. Unlike in the case of non ion-plating, Foil Mesh type showed a higher strength than Micro-Loc type, with Undercut type still showing the lowest bond strength(P<0.05). The bond strength, after 24 hours, increased in case of ion-plated in all 3 types, but a significant increase was shown only in Foil Mesh type(P<0.001). ${\cdot}$ Under a long-term immersion, regardless of ion or non ion-plating, bond strength in general increased over the initial bond strength(one day), with more stability. ${\cdot}$ Through scanning electron microscopic observation of bonding surface, it was found that, regardless of the bracket base type or the application of ion-plating, the resin was thoroughly spreaded into bracket base to form a solid bonding surface between the bracket and the tooth. This was also true in case of a long-term immersion. ${\cdot}$ The scanning electron microscopic observation of failure sites revealed diverse failure patterns.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
• /
• 2001.02a
• /
• pp.191-192
• /
• 2001

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.23 no.4 s.43
• /
• pp.671-691
• /
• 1993

To estimate the possibility in the application of TiN ion-plating to the orthodontic appliance, this study investigated frictional force and frictional coefficient between non-ionplated and TiN ion-plated to the orthodontic appliance. The obtained results were as follows : 1. For each group, the frictional force between metal bracket and arch wire in the wet condition was exhibited lower than that in the dry condition. 2. In the dry condition, the frictional force was lowest with fourth group, and it increased in the order of the 3rd, 1st, and 2nd group. Same situation happened in the wet condition. 3. Experimental results using ceramic & plastic bracket showed that group B was lower than group A, and group D was similar to group C. 4. The surface texture after experiment showed that the scratch due to a friction with bracket was observed in an arch wire of dry contition. Also the surface of bracket was rougher than before. 5. We observed that a specimen surface processed with the TiN ion plating was smoother than that of without the TiN ion plating. 6. The surface texture of a metal bracket and an arch wire in the wet condition was observed smoother than that in the dry condition. 7. In the dry condition, the friction coefficient of each specimen was very similar to each other, but in the wet condition, the friction coefficient of specimen processed with the TiN ion plating showed lower values.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
• /
• 2005.05a
• /
• pp.401-406
• /
• 2005

In this paper, both effect of TiN-coating and effect of temperature in TiN-coating by arc ion plating on surface characteristics of TiN coated SKH51 steel are investigated by experiments. Hardness, surface roughness, TiN coating thickness and adsorption force are measured in order to evaluate the effects. For evaluation of the experimental data, the two-way ANOVA method is used. It is concluded that the furnace temperature in the rang of $400^{\circ}C\~500^{\circ}C$ in AIP processing has very little influence on the TiN coating of the SKH51 steels.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
• /
• v.23 no.2 s.179
• /
• pp.97-103
• /
• 2006

In this paper, effect of temperature in TiN-coating by arc ion plating on surface characteristics of a TiN coated high speed steel is investigated by experiments. Hardness, surface roughness, TiN-coating thickness and adsorption force are measured in order to evaluate the effects. For evaluation of the experimental data, one-way ANOVA method is used. It is concluded that the furnace temperature in the range $400^[\circ}C\~500^{\circ}C$ in AIP processing has a little influence on the TiN coating of the SKH51 steels.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
• /
• v.17 no.12
• /
• pp.1904-1911
• /
• 2003

In order to determine the wear properties of AIP (Arc Ion Plating) deposition, wear process was evaluated by using a Falex test machine. Also, in order to determine the effects of coating material on the wear process, TiC, TiN, and TiCN coatings of thickness about 5 $\mu\textrm{m}$∼6 $\mu\textrm{m}$ coated by Arc ion plating deposition method were tested. The wear property was determined under a dry sliding condition as a function of the applied load, sliding distance, sliding velocity and temperature. The results show that when wear of the coating-layer occurred, specific wear amount increased with the wear rate. At initial state, the wear rate rapidly increased, but it gradually reduced as the velocity increased. Also, when raising the temperature, the wear rate increased in the order of TiCN, TiN and TiC due to the frictional heat.