• 한국세라믹학회지
• /
• 제36권12호
• /
• pp.1350-1355
• /
• 1999

Sintering characteristics and dielectric properties of low temperature sinterable Glass/Ceramic dielectric materials were investigated. The dielectric materials which were developed for microwave frequency applications consist of SiO2-TiO2-Bi2O3-RO system(RO:BaO-CaO-SrO) crystallizable glass and Al2O3 as a ceramic filler. Sintering experiments showed that no more densification occurred above 80$0^{\circ}C$ and bulk density and shrinkage depended on Al2O3 content only. Results of dielectric measurements showed that $\varepsilon$r Q$\times$f and $\tau$f of the material containing 30wt% Al2O3 were 17.3, 600 and +23 ppm respectively. Those values for 45 and 60wt% Al2O3 samples were 11.6, 1400, +0.7 ppm and 7.2, 2000, -8.5 ppm, repectively. The results clearly showed that the Glas/Ceramic materials of present experiment decreased in $\varepsilon$r and increased in $\times$f value and changed from positive to negative value in $\tau$f value with the increasement of Al2O3 content.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
• /
• 제16권9호
• /
• pp.795-800
• /
• 2003

The dielectric and piezoelectric properties of the xPb(A $l_{0.5}$N $b_{0.5}$) $O_3$-(1-x)Pb(Z $r_{0.52}$ $Ti_{0.48}$) $O_3$ [xPAN-(1-x)PZT] thin films by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) were investigated as a function of PAN contents. The effect of texture on dielectric and piezoelectric properties of the 0.05PAN-0.95PZT thin films having the highest piezoelectric constant( $d_{33}$) was studied more precisely. For 0$\leq$x$\leq$0.15 compositions in xPAN-(1-x)PZT thin films, the well-developed perovskite phase with (111) preferred orientation was obtained at the deposition temperature of 50$0^{\circ}C$. With increasing PAN content, remanent polarization and coercive field decreased. The dielectric constant increased with an increase of PAN content until it reached 1450 at $\chi$= 0.05, and then decreased for higher PAN content. The maximum points of dielectric constant coincides with the maximum points of the piezoelectric constant $d_{33}$.33/.33/././.

• The Korean Journal of Ceramics
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.68-73
• /
• 2000

The effects of oxygen annealing on the carbon content in MgO thin films were investigated, MgO thin films were deposited on Si(100) substrate at different temperatures of 400 to $700^{\circ}C$ and different deposition rates of 3.4 to 11.6$\AA$/min. Using rf magnetron sputtering method. Carbon content change on the surface of MgO thin films with the oxygen annealing at different temperatures was investigated using various method. The carbon content decreased as the annealing temperature increased. $Pb(Zr_{0.53}Ti_{0.47})O_3$(PZT) thin films were deposited on the MgO/Si(100) substrates. The effects of carbon content on the phase formation and the electrical properties of PZT thin films were also investigated.

• 한국재료학회지
• /
• 제23권7호
• /
• pp.353-358
• /
• 2013

To improve coating ability and the life of the coating, Ti based composite materials with hydroxyapatite(HA) should be developed. The raw materials of Ti-26wt%, Nb-1wt%, and Si with 10wt% HA were mixed for 24 h by a mixing machine and milled for 1 h to 6 h by planetary mechanical ball milling. Ti-26%Nb-1%Si-(10%HA) composites, composed of nontoxic elements, were fabricated successfully by spark plasma sintering(SPS) at $1000^{\circ}C$ under 70MPa. The relative density of the sintered Ti-Nb-Si-HA composites using the 24 h mixed powder, and the 6 h milled powder, was 91% and 97 %, respectively. The effects of HA contents and milling time on microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated by SEM and hardness tester, respectively. The Vickers hardness of the composites increased with increasing milling time and higher HA content. The Young's modulus of the sintered Ti-26%Nb-1%Si-10%HA composite using the 6 h-milled powder was 55.6 GPa, as obtained by compression test. Corrosion resistance of the Ti-26wt%Nb-1wt%Si composite was increased by milling and by the addition of 10wt%HA. Wear resistance was improved with increasing milling time. Biocompatibility of the Ti-Nb-Si alloys was improved by the addition of HA.

• 한국재료학회지
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.135-142
• /
• 2013

The Ti-6Al-4V extra low interstitial (ELI) alloy has been widely used as an orthopedic implant material because of its excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility. However, it still has many problems, including a high elastic modulus and toxicity of the Al and V elements. Therefore, non-toxic biomaterials with a low elastic modulus need to be developed. A high energy mechanical milling (HEMM) process is introduced to improve the effect of sintering. Rapid sintering of spark plasma sintering (SPS) under pressure was used to make an ultra fine grain of Ti-25 wt.%Nb-7 wt.%Zr-10 wt.%Mo-(10 wt.%CPP) composites with bio-attractive elements for increasing strength. These composites were fabricated by SPS at $1000^{\circ}C$ at 60 MPa using HEMM powders. During the sintering process, $CaTiO_3$, TixOy, and CaO were formed because of the reaction between Ti and CPP. The effects of CPP content on the physical and mechanical properties of the sintered Ti-Nb-Zr-Mo-CPP composites were investigated. The biocompatibility and corrosion resistance of the Ti-Nb-Zr-Mo alloys were improved by the addition of CPP.

• 대한금속재료학회지
• /
• 제46권11호
• /
• pp.730-736
• /
• 2008

$TiO_2$ nanotubes fabricated in aqueous HF-based electrolytes have been generally grown only to about 500nm in length because of the strong dissolubility of HF acid. In this paper, ethylene glycol solution has been applied for increasing the length of the anodic $TiO_2$ nanotubes, and the growth behaviors of the nanotubes according to water contents has been investigated. Anodization of Ti in ethylene glycol + 1 wt% $NH_4F$ (EG solution) with water additions up to 10 wt% were carried out at the constant voltage of 20 V. The results show that a thin titanium oxide layer is formed in the initial stage and the nanotube structure grows underneath the initial layer. And the length of $TiO_2$ nanotubes decreases with the increasing water content in the solution. It can be ascribed to the locally acidified circumstance around the barrier layer inside the nanopore due to $H^+$ ion originated from water. The XPS for the nanotubes suggests that the spectra of Ti2p and O1s are the major chemical bonding states of the $TiO_2$, and those for F1s, N1s and C1s come from the compound of $(NH_4)_2TiF_6$.

• 한국재료학회지
• /
• 제14권12호
• /
• pp.857-862
• /
• 2004

Production of titanium powder directly from tantalum oxides ($TiO_2$) pellet through an electronically mediated reaction (EMR) by calciothermic reduction has been investigated. Feed material ($TiO_2\;pellet$) and reductant (Ca-Ni alloy) were charged into electronically isolated locations in a molten calcium chloride ($CaCl_2$) bath at $950^{\circ}C$. The current flow through an external circuit between the feed (cathode) and reductant (anode) locations was monitored during the reduction of $TiO_2$. The current approximately 3.2A was measured during the reaction in the external circuit connecting cathode and anode location. After the reduction experiment, pure titanium powder with low nickel content was obtained even though Ca-Ni alloy was used as a reductant. These results demonstrate that titanium powder can be produced without direct physical contact between the feed and reductant. In certain experimental conditions, pure titanium powder with approximately $99.5\;mass\%$ purity was successfully obtained.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제23권4호
• /
• pp.280-288
• /
• 1990

마른 김의 배소(焙燒) 및 배소김의 저장중에 일어나는 색소(chlorophyll a, carotenoid 및 biliprotein). Trypsin Tndigestible Substrate(TIS) 및 dietary fiber 등 성분들의 변화를 측정하고 색소단백, TIS 및 소화율과의 관계를 고찰한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다 1. 마른김을 $50,\;70,\;90,\;100,\;120^{\circ}C$ 에서 각각 1시간 가열처리하였을 때 chlorophyll a와 carotenoid는 비교적 안정하여 $120^{\circ}C$ 에서도 $85\%$이상의 잔존량을 보였다. 그러나 biliprotein은 매우 불안정하여 $70^{\circ}C$에서 $60\%$ $100\~120^{\circ}C$에서는 $20\~10\%$의 잔존량에 불과하였다. Chlorophyll a는 carotenoid보다 다소 안정하였고 biliprotein 색소중에서는 phycoerythrin보다 phycocyanin이 더 불안정하였다. 2. TIS는 열에 대하여 비교적 안정하였는데 $100^{\circ}C$ 이상에서 $10\%$감소하였고 소화율은 대조시료가 $80\%,\;100^{\circ}C$ 처리시료에서는 $85\%$로 증가하였다. TIS의 감소와 소화율의 증가는 색소 단백의 감소와 상관관계를 보였다. 3. 열처리중에 insoluble dietary fiber(IDF)가 다소 감소하는 경향을 보였으나 온도별 영향은 크지 않은 반면에 soluble dietary fiber(SDF)는 열처리 온도가 높을수록 다소 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 4. 배소김을 실온에서 20주간 저장하였을 때 chalorophyll a는 aw 0.65의 경우 약 $20\%$ aw 0.1에서는 $75\%$이상, carotenoid의 경우 aw 0.1일때 $40\%$, aw 0.65일 때 $2\%$ 정도와 잔존량을 보여 저장중 크게 감소하는 반면, biliprotein 색소는 안정하였다. 5. 저장중 TIS는 aw 0.65일 때 $15\%$ 정도가 감소하였고 같은 조건에서 소화율은 $92\%$로 증가하여 TIS와 소화율과의 관계를 나타내었고 SDF는 점차 증가하여 12주 경부터 상당한 변화를 보였다.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기물성ㆍ응용부문C
• /
• 제50권11호
• /
• pp.539-543
• /
• 2001

ln this paper, the $Sr_{l-x}Ca_xTiO_3(0\leqx\leq0.2)-based$ grain boundary layer ceramics were fabricated to measure dielectric properties with the sintering temperature and the thermal treatment time. The sintering temperature and time were $1420~15206{\circ}C$, 4hours, and the thermal treatment temperature and time of the specimen were $l150^{\circ}C$, 1, 2, 3hours, respectively. The structural and the dielectric properties were investigated by SEM, X-ray, HP4194A and K6517. The average grain size was increased with increasing the sintering temperature, but it decreased up to 15mo1% with increasing content of Ca. X-ray diffraction analysis results showed that all specimens were the cubic structure, and the main peaks were moved to right and the lattice constant were decreased with increasing content of Ca. The appropriate thermal treatment time and temperature of CuO to obtain dielectric properties of $\varepsilon_r>50000,\; tan \delta<0.05\; and \;\DeltaC<\pm10%$ were 2hrs and $l150^{\circ}C$, respectively.

• 에너지공학
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.73-80
• /
• 1998

Zinc titanate 탈황제를 제조하여 연료가스의 고온탈황에 사용된 탈황제의 재생에 대해서 연구하였다. 준비된 탈황제의 Zn/Ti 몰비는 1.5이고 반응기는 내경 1 cm와 3 cm의 석영관 고정층반응기들을 사용하였다. 고온에서 zinc titanate 탈황제의 재생은 발열반응을 수반하여 탈황제의 물성을 저하시킨다. 따라서 zinc titanate 탈황제의 가장 적합한 재생조건을 선정하기 위해서 반응온도, 산소함량, 유량변화, steam 함량 등을 변화시키면서 재생반응을 실험하였다. 탈황-재생의 실험동안 H2S와 SO2의 파과곡선을 구하였다. 또한 반응실험 전후의 탈황제의 물성을 SEM, XRD, Hg-porosimetry 및 BET로 분석하였다. 이런 결과들로부터 zinc titanate 탈황제에 가장 적합한 재생조건은 $650^{\circ}C$, O2 함？ 5%, steam 함량 10% 이상이라는 결론을 얻었다.