• Journal of Radiopharmaceuticals and Molecular Probes
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.3-9
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• 2020

Tetraiodothyroacetic acid (tetrac) is a derivative of thyroid hormone T₄ and causes anti-angiogenesis by blocking T₄ binding to integrin α_vβ₃. In this study, we synthesized [^99mTc]Tc-Cys-Asp-Gly(CDG)-tetrac and evaluated it in vitro as a tumor angiogenesis imaging ligand. The CDG was conjugated to tetrac as a chelator for technetium-99m labeling. The cold vial containing CDG-tetrac, sodium glucoheptonate, and reducing agent was completed under nitrogen-filled atmospheric glove bag. [^99mTc]Tc-CDG-tetrac was synthesized in quantitative yield by heating the cold vial with [^99mTc]TcO₄^- at 100℃ for 30 min. In vitro serum stability of [^99mTc]Tc-CDG-tetrac was measured by incubating the radioligand in 50% fetal bovine serum at 37℃ and analyzing the incubation mixture by radio-TLC, which showed high stability over 6 h (≥ 98%). Cell binding study was carried out by incubating [^99mTc]Tc-CDG-tetrac with human umbilical vein endothelial (HUVE) cells at 37℃ for 6 h. The cell binding of the radioligand increased from 100% at 0.5 h to 293.7% at 6 h in a time-dependent manner. For blocking study, the cells were incubated with the radioligand in the presence of either tetrac (20 μM) or cRGDyK (20 μM) at 37℃ for 4 h. The results demonstrated that the cell binding of the radioligand was inhibited by tetrac (19.1%) or cRGDyK (35.6%), indicating specific binding of the radioligand to integrin α_vβ₃. Thus, this study suggests that [^99mTc]Tc-CDG-tetrac may be a potential radioligand for tumor angiogenesis imaging.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.75-80
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• 2009

The preventive effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza extracts (SM) with or without high molecular weight soluble kitosan (K) on the progress of bone loss induced by ovariectomized (OVX) was studied in rats. From light microscopic analyses in histochemistry data, trabecular bone area in OVX rats was significantly decreased compared with that in sham rats. The decrease was regulated by administration of SM and especially the combination of SM and K (SM + K) for 7 weeks. In addition, the numbers of osteoblasts and osteoclasts were regulated in SM + K-administered rats but not different from those in either SM or K-administered rats. In OVX rats, free Triiodothyronine ($T_3$) and Thyroxine ($T_4$) were similar to control, ruling out the involvement of abnormal thyroid hormone. Although serum calcium is similar among all the groups, estrogen level was higher especially in SM+K-administered rats. These results strongly suggest that SM+K are effective in preventing the development of bone loss induced by OVX in rats.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.3 s.67
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• pp.169-177
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• 2006

Objective: The aim was to study experimentally the effects of Dioscorea bulbifera L. induced by sodium levothyroxine. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were separated into four groups. Except for the normal group, the other three were treated with sodium levothyroxine $160{\mu}g/kg$ for 5 days. Among the three groups, two (except the control) were treated with Dioscorea bulbifera L. extract of 0.75g/kg (sample A) or 1.5g/kg (sample B). $T_3-uptake,\;T_3,\;T_4$, TSH, total cholesterol, glucose, ALP, AST, ALT, tree fatty acids, $\beta-lipoprotein$, and change in the serum of rats were measured after medication with solid extract of Radix Scrophulariae. Results: $T_4$ concentration and $T_3-uptake$ level decreased in sample A and B compared to controls. $T_3$ concentration decreased but not statistically meaningful. Considering lipid metabolism, only free fatty acid level was significantly reduced glucose level also significantly decreased in sample B. Serum AST, ALT and ALP levels were slightly elevated but there was no meaning statistically, which doesn't mean Dioscorea bulbifera L. has liver toxicity because the quantity of the extract perhaps couldn't reach the minimal dose causing liver toxicity, which according to an article was 60g. Body weight significantly increased in comparison to controls. Conclusion: These results suggest that Dioscorea bulbiftra L. lowers excess thyroid hormone and increased metabolism, resulting in improvement of hyperthyroid state.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.143-151
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• 1997

The present study was designed to investigate if antithyroid antibodies (ATA) could affect the pregnancy outcome in euthyroid women undergoing in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET). From October 1995 to September 1996, 28 euthyroid women with ATA who underwent IVF-ET were studied. Fifty-one euthyroid women without ATA who underwent IVF-ET served as control. Thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOA) and thyroglobulin antibody (TGA) were assayed using radio ligand assay kits as ATA. All patients included in study and control groups had only tubal factor in infertility. Long protocol of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) was used for controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) in all patients. There were no significant differences between study and control groups in patient characteristics such as age, infertility duration and hormonal profile. There were also no significant differences between two groups with respect to the clinical response to COH and IVF results such as number of retrieved oocytes, fertilization rate, number of embryos frozen and number of embryos transfered. There were no correlations between ATA (TPOA and TGA) titers and fertilization rate. The clinical pregnancy rate per cycle seemed to be lower in the study group than in the control group (26.3% vs 39.3%), but the difference was not statistically significant. The biochemical pregnancy rate per cycle and miscarriage rate were significantly higher in the study group at 18.4% (7/38) and 40.0% (4/10) compared with 5.6% (5/89) and 11.4% (4/35) in the control group. In the study group, both TPOA and TGA titers were significantly higher in the biochemical pregnancy group than in the clinical pregnancy group or non-pregnancy group. In 10 women with ATA who achieved pregnancy following IVF-ET, both TPOA and TGA titers were significantly higher in the miscarriage group than in the ongoing or delivery group. In conclusion, euthyroid women with ATA appear to represent a less favorable subset within other tubal factor patients when treated with IVF-ET.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.124-132
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• 2007

Objective : This study was to elucidate the effects of Hyunsamkabhangbang (HSK) on the hyperthyroidism induced by sodium levothyroxine. Method : Sprague-Dawley rats were separated into five groups. Except the normal group, the other four groups were treated with sodium levothyroxine 160${\mu}g/kg/day$ for 5 days by oral administration. Among the four groups, all except one (as control) were treated with various concentrations of HSK (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 g/kg/days) for 3 days separately. T3-uptake, T3, T4, TSH, total cholesterol, free fatty acid, ${\beta}$-lipoprotein, glucose, ALP, AST, ALT change in the serum and body weight of rats were measured after medication of solid extract of HSK. Results : HSK decreased significantly serum T3, T4, T3-uptake, ALP, free fatty acid and glucose level in a dose-dependent manner compared with control. HSK increased significantly serum TSH and total cholesterol level and body weight in a dose-dependent manner compared with control. HSK also increased serum ${\beta}$-lipoprotein level compared with control, but not statistically meaningfully. HSK increased significantly serum AST and ALT level compared with control, but relationship to hyperthyroidism is not found. Conclusions : From these results, it could be concluded that HSK lowers excess thyroid hormone and increased metabolism, resulting in improvement of hyperthyroid state.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.118-124
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• 2018

Obecity in pregnancy causes many problems and increases risk of pregnancy complications at the time of childbirth. But there is a lack of comprehensive analysis of factors that are negatively affected during pregnancy. Therefore, this study is intended to analyze seven factors of high-risk maternal diseases by the degree of obesity using body mass index(BMI). We conducted a cross tabulation analysis and regression analysis to analisized relationship between variables : Gestational Hypertension(GH), Gestational Diabetes Mellitus(GDM), Thyroid Stimulation Hormone(TSH), Age, Blood Urea Nitrogen Test(BUN), Total-Cholesterol(T-C), and newborn's weight. As a result, the more the obesity level of mothers increases, the more the proportion of mothers with GH, GDM, TSH increases. And there was a positive relationship between the BMI of mothers and their age, T-C, and Newborn weight, and a negative relationship to the BUN.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.694-700
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• 2001

Synthetic pyrethroids are analysis of a natural chemical moiety, pyrethrin derived from the pyrethrum plant Chrysanthemum. The natural pyrethrin structure has been modified to be highly lipophilic and photostable, creating an effective pesticide and resulting in an increased presence in the environment. Worldwide, they are commonly used insecticides against ticks, mites, mosquitoes, and as treatment for human head lice and scabies. Therefore, human exposure to their compounds in extensive. Several studies on the effects of pyrethroids on thyroid hormone regulation, estrogen and androgen function have been reported and yet little has been done try assess their potential hormonal activities. Among humans, a pyrethroid compound was suggested to be the causal agent for gynecomastia in a group of Haitian men. The reports suggest that some pyrethroid compounds are capable of disrupting endocrine function. Therefore, we examined estrogenic/antiestrogenic potential of three pyrethroid insecticides, that is permethrin, allethrin and fenvalerate in human breast cancer cell and action mechanism mediated by the estrogen receptor. Fenvalerate showed weak estrogenic activity but aallethrin and permethrin showed no effect. In combination with high levels (10$^{-10}$ M, 10$^{-11}$ M) of 17$\beta$-estradiol and three synthetic pyrethroids inhibited cert proliferations in MCF7-BUS cell by 17$\beta$-estradiol. Whereas, fenvalerate increased cell proliferative activity at lower level of estradiol (10$^{-12}$ M, 10$^{-13}$ M). The relative affinities to the estrogen receptor were observed by allethrin and permethrin treatment, but not by fenvalerate. These results indicated that some of pyrethroid insecticides may modulate estrogen functions in human breast cancer cell. The action mechanisms of estrogen receptor mediated antiestrogenicity by allethrin and permethrin were postulated.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.118-122
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• 1997

We experienced a case of 51-year-old female patient who showed symptoms of persecutory delusion, auditory hallucination and hallucinatory behavior, severe insomnia, psychomotor retardation and social withdrawal, along with some clinical signs of the deficiency of various hormones those gradually progressed after massive postpartum vaginal bleeding 13 years ago. She was admitted to a psychiatric ward under the impression of psychotic depression. However careful history taking and evaluation of clinical feature gave rise to the possibility of underlying medical condition. Laboratory work-up revealed panhypopituitarism, hypoglycemia and hyponatremia. After replacement of thyroid hormone and cortisol for 1 week, her clinical symptoms including psychiatric symptoms were improved. Taken together, these findings were compatible with the diagnosis of Sheehan's syndrome. On reporting this case, we would like to emphasize again the importance of differential diagnosis of medical problems causing psychiatric symptoms those are easily neglected in the clinical approach toward psychiatric patients.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.154-160
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• 2020

Objectives: It remains unclear whether methylphenidate (MPH) has yadverse effects on growth in children. This study aimed to investigate the association of MPH with serum biological markers of growth in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: The present study included 103 children with ADHD (64 drug-naive children, 39 MPH-treated children) and 112 control subjects. Children with ADHD were diagnosed on the basis of a semi-structured interview. Levels of biochemical markers of growth, including insulin-like growth factor-I, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free T₄, calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, vitamin D, hemoglobin, total protein, albumin, total cholesterol, and hematocrit were measured in these individuals. Results: Except in case of TSH, no intergroup differences were found in the levels of the growth markers. The levels of TSH were found to be lower in the MPH-treated boys with ADHD than in the drug-naive and control groups (p<0.05), although the levels of TSH in all the groups were within normal limits. Conclusion: In this cross-sectional study, no significant association was found between MPH and growth markers. This calls for the need to carry out prospective longitudinal research studies in the future that investigate the effect of MPH on the growth trajectory in children.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 1982

Serum thyroxine binding globulin (TBG) was measured with a radioimmunoassay (RIA) kit (GammaDab TBG). The TBG concentration in 23 adult normals was $23.7{\pm}1.9{\mu}g/ml(mean{\pm}SD)$. The serum TBG levels of $21.6{\pm}3.5{\mu}g/ml$) in hyperthyroidism, $24.7{\pm}4.9{\mu}g/ml$ in subacute thyroiditis, $20.7{\pm}7.0{\mu}g/ml$ in liver cirrhosis and $22.6{\pm}3.7{\mu}g/ml$ in sick patient were not significantly different from normals. The levels of $31.8{\pm}5.9{\mu}g/ml$ in hypothyroidism, $36.2{\pm}5.1{\mu}g/ml$ in pregnancy (p<0.01, p<0.001) and $29.3{\pm}6.1{\mu}g/ml$ in molar pregnancy (p<0.01) were significanty higher that in normals. In various cases without thyroid dieases (euthroid group), the TBG concentration correlated with the value for Amerlex $T_3$ (r=0.816) though there was curvilinear relationship. This relationship was altered in hyperthyroidism, subacute thyroiditis and molar pregnancy in which sera were overloaded with thyroxine $(T_4)$ so that concentration of unoccupied binding sites on TBG (free TBG concentration) were more decreased than expected from normal TBG concentrations. Hypothyroidism was also separated from the curvilinear relationship in euthyroid group indicating that free TBG concentrations were more increased relative to slightly increased TBG concentrations. Measurement of the TBG concentration was considered useful in the diagnosis of TBG defiency, in differentiating molar pregnancy from hyperthyroidism and for correct understanding the hormone binding in liver dieases and other nonthyroidal illness.