• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.129-134
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• 2015

White grub damages various crops, trees and they can also be one of the most serious pests of turf grass in golf courses. This study was conducted to determine the biocontrol of white grubs with 18 different kinds (anise, camphor, castor, cinnamon, clove oil, citronella, fennel, geranium, lavender, lemongrass, linseed, neem, peppermint, pine, rosemary, tea-tree, thyme, and turpentine) of plant essential oils in laboratory, green house and field. Anise oil (88.9%), linseed oil (100%), and tea-tree oil (88.9%) were highly effective among tested essential oils against 3rd instar of Bifurcanmala aulax in cap vial experiment. However, anise and linseed oils showed low mortality against $3^{rd}$ instar of Popillia japonica in pot greenhouse experiment. Efficacy of anise, linseed oil, and tea-tree was also different depending on target white grub in field trials. Correlated mortality showed 32.6% only in tea-tree oil treatment against pupae of Adoretus tenuimaculatus however, correlated mortality of anise, linseed and tea-tree oil were 54.8, 51.6 and 56.5% respectively against $3^{rd}$ instar of Exomala orientalis in the field trial in Adelscott Country Club in Hapcheon, Gyeongnam province.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.187-191
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• 1993

In order to find out an anticariogenic substance, antibacterial activities of some medical herbs and spices against Streptococcus mutans were investigated. The essential oils of oregano, thyme, sage, fennel, nutmeg, rosemary, calamus and cassia cortex were shown antibacterial effect against S. mutans. The essential oil of oregano among other tested medical herbs and spices showed the most active antimicrobial activity. The essential oil of oregano inhibited the activity of glucosyltransferase from S. mutans. The minimal inhibition concentration of oregano essential oil was determined as 0.05nl/ml. The activity of glucosyltransferase from S. mutans was inhibited in the presence of oregano essential oil.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.62-69
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• 2013

The black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel), damages various cultivated crops and it can also be a serious pest of turfgrass, especially on golf courses. Essential oils have potential as alternative control agents for insect pests. Sixteen essential oils (anise, camphor, cinnamon, citronella, clove, fennel, geranium, lavender, lemongrass, linseed, neem, peppermint, pine, thyme, turpentine and tea saponin) and paraffin oil were assessed in the laboratory, the green house and field trials for their efficacy against black cutworms in turf. Treatment of potted cores of perennial ryegrass turf with anise, cinnamon, neem, paraffin or turpentine reduced black cutworm damage in a greenhouse trial, and in a similar trial, applying neem oil at 4000, 2000 and 1000 ppm resulted in 100, 100 and 64% mortality, respectively, of black cutworms. Weight of survivors at the 1000 ppm rate was 5- fold less than weight of comparably-aged controls. Neem oil (2000 ppm) reduced growth of black cutworms feeding on treated clippings. A high rate of neem oil followed by irrigation (0.1 L of 20000 ppm neem oil with 0.9 L watering/$m^2$) was more effective than a lower concentration (1 L of 2000 ppm neem oil/$m^2$) against $2^{nd}$ and $3^{rd}$ instars in potted turf cores and field plots, respectively. However, not even the aforementioned higher rate effectively controlled $4^{th}$ instars in the field.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.770-774
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• 2005

This study investigated the stimulative or sedative effects of inhaling fragrant essential oils (EOs) by using a forced swimming test (FST) with mice. This behavioral test is commonly used to measure the effects of antidepressant drugs. The inhalation by mice of EOs, such as ginger oil (p<0.05), thyme oil (p<0.05), peppermint oil (p<0.05), and cypress oil (p<0.01) resulted in 5% to 22% reduction of immobility. The same results were achieved when over-agitation was artificially induced in the mice by an intraperitoneal injection of caffeine (a psycho-stimulant). In contrast, inhalation of some EOs by the mice resulted in increased immobility. To evaluate more correctly the sedative effects of EOs, the immobility of over-agitated mice induced with caffeine was ascertained after the inhalation of various EOs. Inhalation of lavender oil (p<0.01) and hyssop oil (p<0.01) increased the immobile state in mice that were treated with caffeine. The results of this study indicate that the inhalation of essential oils may induce stimulative or sedative effects in mice.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.14 no.6 s.67
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• pp.1003-1008
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• 2004

11 plant essential oils are screened in vitro for their antifungal activities against Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani, which are causative agents of serious plant diseases. The radial growth of the test fungi were reduced in response to the oils. Among them, the essential oil from the bark of Cinnamomum zeylanicum inhibited 3 tested fungi growth, strongly, followed by those of oregano and thyme. The major constituents of the three essential oils, cinnaldehyde, carvacrol and thymol were tested for their effects on the fungi. From the results obtained, cinnamaldehyde, the major constituents of C. zeylanicum bark esential oil, has potential to be developed as a biopesticide for controlling phytopathogenic fungi causing serious damages on the important crops cultivated in Korea.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control Conference
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• 1999.04a
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• pp.96-99
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• 1999

최근들어 다양한 정보매체를 통해 허브가 소개되면서, 허브에 관한 관심과 소비가 증가되고 있다. 허브는 조경소재로 이용될 뿐만 아니라 기능성 채소로써 샐러드와 쌈 등으로 이용할 수 있고, 정유를 이용한 여러 가지 의약품 및 가공품 생산 그리고 아로마테라피 등 그 이용과 기능이 다양하다. 정유는 허브의 품질을 대표할 수 있는 성분으로서, 각 작물은 정유 성분에 따라 독특한 향과 기능을 갖게된다. (중략)

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.255-263
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• 2011

The present work evaluated the effects of alcoholic extracts of salvia (Salvia officinalis), thyme (Thymus vulgaris), and 2 pure compounds (thymol and menthol) on the viability of Echinococcus granulosus protoscolices in vitro. Four different concentrations of each extract (2,500, 1,500, 1,000, and 500 ${\mu}g$/ml) and 3 different concentrations each of thymol and menthol (50, 10, and 1 ${\mu}g$/ml) were used. Concentration of 2500 ${\mu}g$/ml of both extracts showed a significant protoscolicidal activity on the 6th day. Complete loss of viability of protoscolices occurred with 500 ${\mu}g$/ml concentration of both extracts at day 6 and day 7 post-treatment (PT), respectively. Pure compounds, i.e., menthol and thymol, showed potent effects with 50 ${\mu}g$/ml concentration at day 2 and day 5 PT, respectively. These effects were compared with those of albendazole sulfoxide (800 ${\mu}g$/ml), a commonly used treatment drug for hydatidosis. Krebs-Ringer solution and the hydatid cystic fluid at a ratio of 4:1 was a good preservative solution which kept the protoscolices viable for 15 days.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.54-64
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• 2010

Effects of thirteen essential oils (anise oil, clove oil, marigold, mustard oil, neem oil, quassia, quilaja, rosemary oil, rotenone, tea tree extract, thyme oil, wintergreen oil, and yucca) and caffeine on typical industrial insect, silkworm (Bombyx mori) and two entomopathogenic nematodes, Steinernema carpocapsae GSN-1 strain (Sc) and Heterorhabditis sp. Gyeongsan strain (Hg) were investigated in the laboratory. When 1,000 ppm of each essential oils was treated, neem oil showed the highest insecticidal activity against silkworm. Mortality of silkworm fed on neem oil treated mulberry leaf was 55.3 and 100% 5 and 10 days after treatment, respectively. The silkworm fed on neem oil treated mulberry leaf did not make cocoon and pupa. Weight of cocoon and pupa was low in rotenone treatment showing 0.27 g and 1.01 g, respectively. Mustard oil had the highest nematicidal activity against entomopathogenic nematodes. 20 ppm of mustard oil resulted in 69.0% and 100% mortality of Sc and Hg 3 days after treatment, but 4% and 36% at 5 ppm in X-plate, respectively. Mortality of baited Galleria mellonella larva by Sc was not different from control at the concentration of 100 ppm of mustard oil while 30% lower in Hg in sand barrier. Mean numbers of established infective juveniles of Hg in Galleria larva were lower than Sc in sand barrier. Survival rate of Sc was similar to control at the concentration of <200 ppm of mustard oil in sand barrier.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.141-147
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• 2012

This work describes the characteristics of $Malassezia$ $pachydermatis$ isolated from dog ear canals and the effect of essential oils on the growth of this organism. Sterile cotton swabs were used to collect specimens from the external ear canal and culture tests were performed to detect the population size of $Malassezia$ yeast. Using three different isolation media, included Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) to isolate common $M.$ $pachydermatis$, and SDA supplemented with olive oil (SDAO) and Leeming's medium (LM) to detect lipophilic yeast, $Malassezia$ spp were isolated from 14 of 18 dogs (77.8%); isolation rates were 33.3% in SDA, 72.2% in SDAO and 66.7% in LM media. All $Malassezia$ spp isolates were identified as $M.$ $pachydermatis$ according to results of PCR amplification, but gross colony morphology and SDA growth rates suggested four different subtypes. Large (LC) and medium colony (MC) types respectively describe large colony (diameter > 3 mm) and medium colony (around 2 mm) after 72 hour incubation, and small (SC) type refers to smaller colony (< 1 mm) even after 5 days incubation; lipid dependent colonies did not grow onto SDA. Large Colony type strains were isolated from 4, 11, and 11 samples, MC type strains from 2, 3 and 1 and SC type strains from 1, 2 and 1 in SDA, SDAO and LM, respectively. Lipid-dependent $M.$ $pachydermatis$ (Lipo) were isolated from 3 samples each in SDAO and LM. Anti-$M.$ $pachydermatis$ activity testing was done using disc-diffusion assays and well diffusion tests. Most essential oils inhibited the growth of $M.$ $pachydermatis$ in a range from 0.5% to 1.0% of essential oils. MIC90 and MIC50 were variable depending upon the nature of essential oils. Thyme oil was found to be highly effective in inhibiting the growth of $M.$ $pachydermatis$ in a range from 0.125% to 0.0625% while marjoram and then tea tree oil exhibited lower inhibitory capacity.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.973-981
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• 2022

'Shine Muscat' (Vitis labruscana Bailey x Vitis vinifera L.) grapes recently have been greatly favored in Korea, and as of 2022, account for 38.6% of the total grape market in Korea. However, there is a lack of research on post-harvest quality control appropriate to the unique characteristics of 'Shine Muscat'. In order to continuously increase domestic demand and exports in the future, it is essential to establish proper postharvest techniques. Essential oils have remarkable potential as biologically active and environmentally friendly antiseptics for the fruit industry. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of essential oils and aroma constituent treatment on fruit quality attributes of 'Shine Muscat' grapes in order to extend fruit quality during a simulated export period. A cluster of 'Shine Muscat' grapes was placed in a newly developed paper box container, and treated with rosemary essential oil, thyme essential oil, and linalool, along with an untreated control. The results showed no significant effect on fruit quality indices, such as cluster weight loss, berry firmness, soluble solids content, titratable acidity, sugar acid ratio, and color change, but showed a positive effect on the alleviation of berry shatter compared to the untreated control. In addition, rosemary oil treatment reduced the proportion of unhealthy berries. Therefore, the results indicated that the newly developed packaging container along with certain essential oil treatment could be applied as a promising packaging material for table grape export.