• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.463-471
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• 2011

Cooperative communications using relays in wireless networks have similar effects of multiple-input and multiple-output without the need of multiple antennas at each node. To implement cooperation into a system, efficient protocols are desired. In IEEE 802.11 families such as a/b/g, mobile stations can automatically adjust transmission rates according to channel conditions. However throughput performance degradation is observed by low-rate stations in multi-rate circumstances resulting in so-called performance anomaly. In this paper, we propose active relay-based cooperative medium access control (AR-CMAC) protocol, in which active relays desiring to transmit their own data for cooperation participate in relaying, and it is designed to increase throughput as a solution to performance anomaly. We have analyzed the performance of the simplified AR-CMAC using an embedded Markov chain model to demonstrate the gain of AR-CMAC and to verify it with our simulations. Simulations in an infrastructure network with an IEEE 802.11b/g access point show noticeable improvement than the legacy schemes.

• Journal of Multimedia Information System
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.273-276
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• 2018

In video compression standards, the entropy coding is essential to the high performance compression because redundancy of data symbols is removed. Binary arithmetic coding is one of high performance entropy coding methods. However, the dependency between consecutive binary symbols prevents improving the throughput. For the throughput enhancement, a new probability model is proposed for encoding multi-symbols at one time. In the proposed method, multi-symbol encoder is implemented with only adders and shifters, and the multiplication table for interval subdivision of binary arithmetic coding is removed. Compared to the compression ratio of CABAC of H.264/AVC, the performance degradation on average is only 1.4% which is negligible.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제8권8호
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• pp.2607-2625
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• 2014

Previous studies on multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) mostly assume a homogeneous signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), where each user has the same average SNR. However, real networks are more likely to feature heterogeneous SNRs (a random-valued average SNR). Motivated by this fact, we analyze a multiuser MIMO downlink with a zero-forcing (ZF) receiver in a heterogeneous SNR environment. A transmitter with Mantennas constructs M orthonormal beams and performs the SNR-based proportional fairness (S-PF) scheduling where data are transmitted to users each with the highest ratio of the SNR to the average SNR per beam. We develop a new analytical expression for the sum throughput of the multiuser MIMO system. Furthermore, simply modifying the expression provides the sum throughput for important special cases such as homogeneous SNR, max-rate scheduling, or high SNR. From the analysis, we obtain new insights (lemmas): i) S-PF scheduling maximizes the sum throughput in the homogeneous SNR and ii) under high SNR and a large number of users, S-PF scheduling yields the same multiuser diversity for both heterogeneous SNRs and homogeneous SNRs. Numerical simulation shows the interesting result that the sum throughput is not always proportional to M for a small number of users.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제30권9A호
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• pp.803-813
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• 2005

본 논문애서는 IEEE 802.11a 무선 LAN에서 주파수 선택적이고 완만하게 변하는 Ricean 페이딩 채널환경을 고려하여 $E_{b}/N_{o}$ 및 BER에 따른 MAC(Medium Access Control) 계층의 CSMA/CA 기반 DCF(Distributed Coordination Function) 처리율을 분석하였다. 또한 처리율을 분석하는 데 단말수 및 MSDU(MAC SDU) 크기도 고려하였으며 IEEE 802.11a의 필수 전송속도인 6, 12, 24Mbps 및 54Mbps급에 대하여 검토한 결과 $E_{b}/N{o}$가 증가할 수록 BER이 감소할수록 처리율은 증가한다는 것을 알 수 있다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제37B권9호
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• pp.741-749
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• 2012

항해 중인 선박과 육상기지국간에 VHF 대역을 통해 다중-홉 데이터 통신을 수행하기 위해 애드-혹 자율 구성 TDMA (Ad Hoc Self-Organizing TDMA: ASO-TDMA) 방식이 제안된 바 있으며, 이를 통해 해로를 따라 넓은 영역에 걸쳐 항해 중인 선박들이 분산적으로 무선 자원을 공유하면서 다중-홉 애드-혹 네트워크를 구성할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 마코프 체인 모델을 기반으로 ASO-TDMA 방식 매체접근제어 프로토콜의 평균 수율 성능을 분석한다. 또한, 모의실험을 통해 수학적 분석 결과를 검증하고, 각 홉 영역에서 부프레임의 크기와 선박의 수에 따라 수율을 최대화하기 위한 최적의 전송률이 존재함을 보인다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제35권3C호
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• pp.287-294
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• 2010

본 논문은 대표적인 고속 UWB 시스템인 MB-OFDM UWB 시스템에서 데이터 전송율을 올리면서 복호 성능을 보장하기 위해서 제안하고 있는 LDPC 부호에 대한 연구 결과를 보인다. 하드웨어 효율적인 복호기의 구조를 제안하기 위해서 LLR(log likelihood ratio) 계산 알고리즘과 체크노드 갱신 알고리즘을 시뮬레이션 하여 효율적인 방법을 선택 하였고, LDPC 디코딩 알고리즘의 반복 횟수를 결정하였다. 그리고 본 논문은 LDPC 디코더의 UWB 응용에 필요한 요구사항을 만족시키기 위한 LDPC 복호기의 구조를 제시하였다. 이 구조는 FPGA를 통하여 합성되어 구현성을 검토하였으며, 기존 QC-LDPC 부호의 FPGA 합성 결과와 비교하여 높은 throughput을 제공함을 확인하였다. 이 구조를 이용하면 BP 알고리즘에 비해서 약 0.2dB의 성능열화를 포함하지만, 고속 데이터 전송에 적합한 LDPC 복호기를 구현할 수 있다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제34권1C호
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• pp.113-119
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• 2009

The training sequence with the appropriate length for equalization and initial synchronization is necessary before sending the pure data in the burst transmission type DS-UWB system. The length of the training sequence is one of the factors which make throughput decreased. The noble structure with the variable length of the training sequence whose length can be adaptively tailored according to the channel conditions (CM1,CM2,CM3,CM4) in the DS-USB systems is proposed. This structure can increase the throughput without sacrificing the performance than the method with fixed length of training sequence considering the worst case channel conditions. Simulation results under IEEE 802.15.3a channel model show that the proposed scheme can achieve higher throughput than a conventional one with the slight loss of BER performance. And this structure can reduce the computation complexity and power consumption with selecting the short length of the training sequence.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제64권10호
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• pp.1460-1468
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• 2015

As the number of IoT service increases, the interest of lightweight block cipher algorithm, which consists of simple operations with low-power and high speed, is growing. LEA(Leightweight Encryption Algorithm) is recently adopted as one of lightweight encryption standards in Korea. In this paper a pipeline LEA architecture is proposed to process large amounts of data with high throughput. The proposed pipeline LEA can communicate with external modules in the 32-bit I/O interface. It consists of input, output and encryption pipeline stages which take 4 cycles using a muti-cycle pipeline technique. The experimental results showed that the proposed pipeline LEA achieved more than 7.5 Gbps even though the key length was varied. Compared with the previous high speed LEA in accordance with key length of 128, 192, and 256 bits, the throughput of the pipeline LEA was improved 6.45, 7.52, and 8.6 times. Also the throughput per area was improved 2, 1.82, and 2.1 times better than the previous one.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제5권6호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2004

Proportional Fair (PF) share policy has been adopted as a downlink scheduling scheme in CDMA2000 l×EV-DO standard. Although It offers optimal performance in aggregate throughput conditioned on equal time share among users, it cannot provide a bandwidth guarantee and a strict delay bound. which is essential requirements of real-time (RT) applications. In this study, we propose a new scheduling policy that provides quality-of-service (QoS) guarantees to a variety of traffic types demanding diverse service requirements. In our policy data traffic is categorized Into three classes, depending on sensitivity of Its performance to delay or throughput. And the primary components of our policy, namely, Proportional Fair (PF), Weighted Fair Queuing (WFQ), and delay-based prioritized scheme are intelligently combined to satisfy QoS requirements of each traffic type. In our policy all the traffic categories run on the PF policy as a basis. However the level of emphasis on each of those ingredient policies is changed in an adaptive manner by taking into account the channel conditions and QoS requirements. Such flexibility of our proposed policy leads to offering QoS guarantees effectively and. at the same time, maximizing the throughput. Simulations are used to verify the performance of the proposed scheduling policy. Experimental results show that our proposal can provide guaranteed throughput and maximum delay bound more efficiently compared to other policies.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.17-29
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• 2019

Purpose - This study examines the relationship between public-private partnerships and the performance of ports based on three factors: the quality of the port infrastructure, container throughput, and logistic performance in three Latin American countries, Mexico, Panama, and Brazil, for the period of 1994-2017. Design/methodology - The selected countries are top ranked in terms of container throughput in Latin America. The methodology employs secondary data from the World Bank (Quality of Port Infrastructure, Logistics Performance Index, and Private Participation in infrastructure database). Findings - Overall, the results revealed that the private investment of these countries varies significantly over the past couple decades. Panama, with the least public-private investment over the study period, performs better than Mexico and Brazil with regards to port quality infrastructure and container throughput. For ports in the selected countries to keep up with global competition, there is a need to enhance efficiency. Originality/value - Compared with ports in Asia, Latin American ports are lagging behind with respect to container throughput and efficiency. This study suggests greater collaboration from the private sector, academia, and other organizations, as well as a review of the regulatory framework to ensure better transparency and project allocation. Throwing more light on the public-private investment environment of Mexico, Brazil, and Panama, this study offers policy makers and regulators insightful information on port infrastructure.