• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.553-570
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• 2016

A series of three-dimensional (3D) parametric finite element analyses have been performed to study the influence of the relative locations of pile tips with regards to the tunnel position on the behaviour of single piles and pile groups to adjacent tunnelling in weathered soil. When the pile tips are inside the influence zone, which considers the relative pile tip location with respect to the tunnel position, tunnelling-induced pile head settlements are larger than those computed from the Greenfield condition. However, when the pile tips are outside the influence zone, a reverse trend is obtained. When the pile tips are inside the influence zone, the tunnelling-induced tensile pile forces mobilised, but when the pile tips are outside the influence zone, compressive pile forces are induced because of tunnelling, depending on the shear stress transfer mechanism at the pile-soil interface. For piles connected to a cap, tensile and compressive forces are mobilised at the top of the centre and side piles, respectively. It has been shown that the increases in the tunnelling-induced pile head settlements have resulted in reductions of the apparent factor of safety up to approximately 43% when the pile tips are inside the influence zone, therefore severely affecting the serviceability of the piles. The pile behaviour, when considering the location of the pile tips with regards to the tunnel, has been analysed in great detail by taking the tunnelling-induced pile head settlements, axial pile forces, apparent factor of safety of the piles and shear transfer mechanism into account.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.187-195
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• 2005

지하수위 하에서 터널을 굴착하게 되면, 지하수 흐름은 터널내로 발생하면서 터널 단면에 침투력이 작용하게 된다. 본 연구에서는 지하수 흐름을 고려한 숏크리트 라이닝 거동을 지반 및 숏크리트 라이닝 상호간의 투수계수의 비율에 따라 검토하였다. 숏크리트 응력 및 변위 관계는 3차원 유한요소 연계해석을 수행하여 산정하였다. 지하수 흐름 자체는 아칭효과가 발휘되지 않기 때문에, 터널의 응력이 평형상태에 도달한 후에도 침투력은 계속적으로 숏크리트 라이닝에 작용하여 심각한 영향을 준다. 지반 및 숏크리트 라이닝 상호간의 인터페이스 특성 및 터널의 단변형상 그리고 라이닝의 두께를 포함한 숏크리트 거동의 영향 인자에 대해 매개변수분석을 실시하였다. 또한 NATM 터널에서의 침투력을 고려한 내공변위 제어법을 제안하였다. 해석결과를 보면, 숏크리트의 투수성이 낮아질수록 잔류수압에 따른 유효응력의 감소로 인해 내공변위는 감소하고 내압은 커지는 것을 알 수 있었다. 띠라서 차수성이 강한 강섬유보강 숏크리트가 해저/하저 터널의 지보재로서 더욱 유리하다는 결론을 얻었다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제59권4호
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• pp.43-52
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• 2017

This study analyzed pore water pressure, earth pressure and settlement through laboratory model tests in order to suggest the effective remodeling method in the case of reinforcing the upstream and downstream slope of deteriorated reservoirs that has no cores and filters or is not functional. The method of remodeling the upstream slope using dredge soil is first prevent seepage by installing the core, and the leakage water can be rapidly discharged through a filter installed on the downstream slope. Therefore, it is considered a highly efficient method of remodeling that reduces piping phenomena and increasing the storage capacity of the reservoir. The variation of earth pressure without the core and filter was greater than with it, while the change largely showed in the upstream slope, the downstream slope did not show any significant changes. The remodeling method of the downstream slope with the core appeared differently pore water pressure depending on the presence of the vertical and horizontal filters. In the upstream slope, the pore water pressure rises sharply, the base and middle gradually increased, and the downstream slope appeared small. The pore water pressure of embankment with a vertical and horizontal filter will be smaller than without it. The remodeling of deteriorated reservoir that does not have the function of the filter, the vertical filter must be installed in a position that is higher than the expected seepage line by removing portions of the downstream slopes. Since the horizontal filter is an important structure that provides stable drainage during an earthquake or concentrated leak, it is necessary to examine any change in the seepage characteristics depending on the filter intervals via three-dimensional finite element analysis, and it should be connected to the tow-drain to reduce the possibility of the collapse of the reservoir.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제66권4호
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• pp.505-513
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• 2018

Steam flooding is widely used in heavy oil reservoir with coupling effects among the formation temperature change, fluid flow and solid deformation. The effective stress, porosity and permeability in this process can be affected by the multi-physical coupling of thermal, hydraulic and mechanical processes (THM), resulting in a complex interaction of geomechanical effects and multiphase flow in the porous media. Quantification of the state of deformation and stress in the reservoir is therefore essential for the correct prediction of reservoir efficiency and productivity. This paper presents a coupled fluid flow, thermal and geomechanical model employing a program (MATLAB interface code), which was developed to couple conventional reservoir (ECLIPSE) and geomechanical (ABAQUS) simulators for coupled THM processes in multiphase reservoir modeling. In each simulation cycle, time dependent reservoir pressure and temperature fields obtained from three dimensional compositional reservoir models were transferred into finite element reservoir geomechanical models in ABAQUS as multi-phase flow in deforming reservoirs cannot be performed within ABAQUS and new porosity and permeability are obtained using volumetric strains for the next analysis step. Finally, the proposed approach is illustrated on a complex coupled problem related to steam flooding in an oil reservoir. The reservoir coupled study showed that permeability and porosity increase during the injection scenario and increasing rate around injection wells exceed those of other similar comparable cases. Also, during injection, the uplift occurred very fast just above the injection wells resulting in plastic deformation.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.52-58
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• 2014

노반 성토체에서 발생하는 소성 변형은 콘크리트 궤도의 안정성과 유지보수에 영향을 미친다. 철도 노반에서의 장기적인 소성 변형은 주로 반복적인 열차 통과로 발생하는 누적된 비탄성적 변형률에 의해 발생한다. 누적 소성 변형의 예측은 궤도의 유지보수와 열차의 안전한 운영을 위해서 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 서로 다른 강화노반 두께를 가진 철도노반에서 발생하는 연직 변위를 계산하였다. 누적 소성 변형률을 계산하기 위한 멱함수의 상수는 삼축 실험과 실대형 재하 실험의 결과로부터 구하였다. 표준 노반 단면에 대한 3차원 유한요소해석 결과로부터 강화노반의 두께를 선정하는 가이드라인을 제시하였다.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.99-108
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• 2015

상하부 스플릿 T 접합부를 이용한 스마트 CFT 기둥-보 접합부는 긴결재의 직경과 체결력, 스플릿 T 형강의 기하학적 형상, 재료적 물성 특성 등의 변화에 의하여 상이한 거동특성을 나타낸다. 본 논문은 반복하중을 받는 상 하부 스플릿 T 접합부의 구조적 거동에 대해 체계적으로 수행된 3차원 비선형 유한요소 해석으로부터 얻은 결과를 제시하고 있다. 이러한 상 하부 스플릿 T 접합부는 CFT 합성골조의 변위복원 및 충분한 에너지 소산 능력을 확보하기 위하여 초탄성 성질을 갖는 형상기억합금(SMA)과 강으로 제작된 봉과 T-stub가 적용된다. 부가적인 다양한 구조적 거동은 T-stub의 두께 및 게이지 거리로 상 하부 스플릿 T 접합부의 파라미터에 대한 영향을 설명하고 있다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.51-73
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• 2014

A three-dimensional finite element model for the Jiashao Bridge, the longest multi-span cable-stayed bridge in the world, is established using the commercial software package ANSYS. Dynamic characteristics of the bridge are analyzed and the effects of structural system measures including the rigid hinge, auxiliary piers and longitudinal constraints between the girders and side towers on the dynamic properties including modal frequency, mode shape and effective mass are studied by referring to the Jiashao Bridge. The analysis results reveal that: (i) the installation of the rigid hinge significantly reduces the modal frequency of the first symmetric lateral bending mode of bridge deck. Moreover, the rigid hinge significantly changes the mode shape and effective mass of the first symmetric torsional mode of bridge deck; (ii) the layout of the auxiliary piers in the side-spans has a limited effect on changing the modal frequencies, mode shapes and effective masses of global vibration modes; (iii) the employment of the longitudinal constraints significantly increases the modal frequencies of the vertical bending modes and lateral bending modes of bridge deck and have significant effects on changing the mode shapes of vertical bending modes and lateral bending modes of bridge deck. Moreover, the effective mass of the first anti-symmetric vertical bending of bridge deck in the longitudinal direction of the fully floating system is significantly larger than that of the partially constrained system and fully constrained system. The results obtained indicate that the structural system measures of the multi-span cable-stayed bridge have a great effect on the dynamic properties, which deserves special attention for seismic design and wind-resistant design of the multi-span cable-stayed bridge.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.175-188
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 개구제형 트윈 거더 교량의 곡률에 따른 상부수평브레이싱 부재력 산정식의 적절성 및 적용성을 검토하였다. 이를 위해 3경간 연속교를 대상으로 곡률반경을 50m에서 1,200m로 변화시켜 상부수평브레이싱의 부재력 산정식과 3차원 유한요소해석을 통한 부재력을 비교하였다. 그리하여 상부수평브레이싱의 공칭부재력을 계산할 수 있는 보정계수를 제안하였다. 특히 상부수평브레이싱 수직재 부재력 산정식은 3차원 유한요소해석결과와 잘 부합하지 않는 것으로 나타났는데, 이는 가로보의 유무에 따른 교축직각방향 강성의 영향이라 판단된다. 그리고 사재와 수직재의 휨, 비틀림, 뒤틀림 및 수평분력의 영향을 곡률별로 도식화하여 나타내었다.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.523-530
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• 2009

콘크리트를 설계하기 위해 설계자는 설계의 효율성을 위하여 일축휨강도에 기초한 설계를 하고 있지만, 포 장체 및 바닥판과 같은 실제 구조요소의 응력상태는 재료전반에 작용하는 이축응력이 발생하게 된다. 따라서 콘크리트 의 이축휨시험은 사용하중상태에서 콘크리트의 거동을 평가할 수 있는 중요한 설계인자로서 사용될 수 있다. 이 연구 에서 저자들은 콘크리트 이축휨강도를 평가할 수 있는 BFT 시험법의 최적 구성을 제안하였다. 이 기법은 세라믹 또는 바이오 재료 분야에서 사용되어온 링온링 시험법을 콘크리트 재료에 적합하도록 수정, 제시한 것이다. 이를 위하여 유 한요소해석과 정밀해에 대한 분석을 통하여 시험체의 형상과 시험법을 제시하였다. 제안된 방법에 의한 실험 결과, 이 축휨실험을 통하여 콘크리트 재료의 휨강도를 충분히 판정할 수 있는 것을 증명할 수 있었다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.127-137
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• 2017

Identification of damping characteristics is of significant importance for dynamic response analysis and condition assessment of structural systems. Damping is associated with the behavior of the energy dissipation mechanism. Identification of damping ratios based on the sensitivity of dynamic responses and the model updating technique is investigated with numerical and experimental investigations. The effectiveness and performance of using the sensitivity-based model updating method and vibration monitoring data for damping ratios identification are investigated. Numerical studies on a three-dimensional truss bridge model are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Measurement noise effect and the initial finite element modelling errors are considered. The results demonstrate that the damping ratio identification with the proposed approach is not sensitive to the noise effect but could be affected significantly by the modelling errors. Experimental studies on a steel planar frame structure are conducted. The robustness and performance of the proposed damping identification approach are investigated with real measured vibration data. The results demonstrate that the proposed approach has a decent and reliable performance to identify the damping ratios.