• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 1995.04a
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• pp.787-796
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• 1995

A man model is a useful design tool for the evaluation of man machine systems and products. An arm reach trajectory prediction for such a model will be specifically useful to present human activities and, consequently, could increase the accuracy and reality of the evaluation. In this study, a three-dimensional reach trajectory prediction model was developed using an inverse kinematics technique. The upper body was modeled as a four link open kinematic chain with seven degrees of freedom. The Resolved Motion Method used for the robot kinematics problem was used to predict the joint movements. The cost function of the perceived discomfort developed using the central composite design was also used as a performance function. This model predicts the posture by moving the joints to minimize the discomfort on the constraint of the end effector velocity directed to a target point. The results of the pairwise t-test showed that all the joint coordinates except the shoulder joint's showed statistically no differences at .alpha. = 0.01. The reach trajectory prediction model developed in this study was found to accurately simulate human arm reach trajectory and the model will help understand the human arm reach movement.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.74-84
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• 1963

Hexamethylenediamine dihydroiodide is monoclinic, with cell dimensions $a=4.85{\AA}$, $b=12.77{\AA}$, $c=9.73{\AA}$, ${\beta}=91.5^{\circ}$ The space group is $P2_1/c$, with two molecules per unit cell. It has a center of symetry in the molecule. All atomic positions are determined by means of a two-dimensional patterson synthesis and fourier synthesis. The C-N bond distance is $1.48{\AA}$ and the C-C bond distances are lying between $1.55{\AA}$, and $1.59{\AA}$. The iodine atom is bonded by hydrogen bridges of $3.59{\AA}{\pm}0.1{\AA}$ to nitrogen atoms and surrounded by three nitrogen atoms. The hexamethylenediamine chain is zigzag in the hexamethylenediamine dihydrochloride molecules though, it is not zigzag in the hexamethylenediamine dihydroiodide.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.142-148
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• 2011

Because currently available wireless technologies are not appropriate for wireless body area networks (WBANs), the IEEE 802.15.6 standard was introduced by the IEEE 802.15.6 Task Group to satisfy all the requirements for a monitoring system that operates on, in, or around the human body. In this work, we develop an analytical model for evaluating the performance of an IEEE 802.15.6-based WBAN under saturation condition and a noisy channel. We employ a three-dimensional Markov chain to model the backoff procedure as specified in the standard. Probability generating functions (PGFs) are used to compute the performance descriptors of the network. The results obtained from the analytical model are validated by simulation results. Our results indicate that under saturation condition, the medium is accessed by the highest user priority nodes at the vast majority of time while the other nodes are starving.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.119-131
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• 2014

In recent literature on traffic scheduling, the combination of the two-dimensional discrete-time Markov chain (DTMC) and the Markov modulated Poisson process (MMPP) is used to analyze the capacity of VoIP traffic in the cognitive radio system. The performance of the cognitive radio system solely depends on the accuracy of spectrum sensing techniques, the minimization of false alarms, and the scheduling of traffic channels. In this paper, we only emphasize the scheduling of traffic channels (i.e., traffic handling techniques for the primary user [PU] and the secondary user [SU]). We consider the following three different traffic models: the cross-layer analytical model, M/G/1(m) traffic, and the IEEE 802.16e/m scheduling approach to evaluate the performance of the VoIP services of the cognitive radio system from the context of blocking probability and throughput.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.493-498
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• 1995

Ultrathin networks of itaconic acid copolymers and poly(allylamine) were produced by a Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique employing a double-chain amine as a monolayer template which was subsequently removed by extraction after thermal crosslinking. Itaconic acid copolymers used were copoly (itaconic acid-ethyl vinyl ether) and copoly (itaconic acid-n-butyl vinyl ether). The polyion-complexed monolayers of three components consisting of template amine, itaconic acid copolymer and poly (allylamine) were formed at the air-water interface. The Langmuir film properties have been studied by the surface pressure-area isotherm and fluorescence microscopy. The monolayers were transferred on solid substrates and were characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Two-dimensional polymer networks were formed through imide or amide linkages by heat treatment under vacuum. The heat-treated films were extracted with chloroform after immersion in aq. sodium chloride to remove the template amines. SEM observation of a LB film on a porous fluorocarbon membrane filter with pore diameter of 0.1 μm showed covering of the pores by six layers in the polyion complex state.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.158-162
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• 1984

The crystal structure of chloramphenicol base, $C_9H_{l2}N_2O_4$, the deacylated base of antibiotic chloramphenicol, has been determined by X-ray diffraction techniques using diffractometer data obtained by the ${\omega}-2{\theta}$ scan technique with CuK${\alpha}$ radiation from a crystal with space group symmetry $P2_12_12_1$ and unit cell parameters a = 22.322(6), b = 7.535(6), c = 5.781(5) ${\AA}$. The structure was solved by direct methods and refined by full-matrix least-squares to a final R = 0.051 for the 573 observed reflections. The overall conformation of the base is quite different from those of the chloramphenicol congeners which are similar despite the presence of many rotatable single bonds. The propane chain in the base is bent with respect to the phenyl ring, while it is extended in the chloramphenicol congeners. There is no intramolecular hydrogen bond between the hydroxyl groups of the propanediol moiety. All of the molecules in the crystal lattice are connected by a three-dimensional hydrogen bonding network.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.5-9
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• 2023

t ENOD40B, a plant peptide hormone, was doubly labeled with C-13 and N-15 by recombinant production in Escherichia coli. The peptide was prepared by affinity chromatography followed by protease cleavage and reverse-phase chromatography. To elucidate the mode of action against its receptor, sucrose synthase, we proceeded to assign the backbone and side-chain resonances using a set of double and triple resonance experiments. This result will be used to determine the three-dimensional structure of the peptide at its bound state as well as to observe the chemical shift changes upon binding.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.567-575
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• 2009

Purpose : Epilepsy affects more than 0.5% of the world's population. It has a large genetic component and is caused by electrical hyperexcitability in the central nervous system. Despite its prevalence, the disease lacks definitive diagnostic serological biomarkers. To identify potential biomarkers for epilepsy by a convenient method, we analyzed the expression of serum proteins, reflecting alterations in the patient's proteomes. Methods : We compared two-dimensional electrophoretic band patterns of human sera from eight patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) with those of eight control subjects. The differentially expressed bands were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. esults : Twelve proteins were differentially expressed in the TLE group, of which 6 were identified. Expression of haptoglobin Hp2, PRO2675, immunoglobulin heavy chain constant region gamma 2, an unnamed protein, and three unidentified proteins were upregulated in serum from the patients with TLE, whereas those of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I antigen, plasma retinol-binding protein precursor, and three unidentified proteins were downregulated in these patients. After resection of the epileptogenic zone, the expressions of MHC class I antigen, immunoglobulin heavy chain constant region gamma 2, two of the downregulated unidentified proteins, and one of the upregulated unidentified proteins returned to the normal range. Conclusion : The 12 serum proteins in this study are potentially useful biomarkers for the diagnosis and monitoring of TLE.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.539-547
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• 1993

A stochastic approach using continuous time Markov process is presented to model the one-dimensional nuclide transport in fractured rock media as a further extension for previous works［1-3］. Nuclide transport of decay chain of arbitrary length in the single planar fractured rock media in the vicinity of the radioactive waste repository is modeled using a continuous time Markov process. While most of analytical solutions for nuclide transport of decay chain deal with the limited length of decay chain, do not consider the case of having rock matrix diffusion, and have very complicated solution form, the present model offers rather a simplified solution in the form of expectance and its variance resulted from a stochastic modeling. As another deterministic way, even numerical models of decay chain transport, in most cases, show very complicated procedure to get the solution and large discrepancy for the exact solution as opposed to the stochastic model developed in this study. To demonstrate the use of the present model and to verify the model by comparing with the deterministic model, a specific illustration was made for the transport of a chain of three member in single fractured rock medium with constant groundwater flow rate in the fracture, which ignores the rock matrix diffusion and shows good capability to model the fractured media around the repository.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.183-197
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• 2016

This study was conducted to investigate the relationships among service quality, perceived benefit, perceived value and behavioral intention as perceived by franchise snack bars customers. The service quality of franchise snack bars' was tested in three sub-dimensions: environmental quality interaction quality, and outcome quality, which are based on Brady & Cronin's third-dimensional model. A total of 450 survey questionaires were distributed from March 9th to November 12th in 2015, of whi 411 questionnaires were deemed suitable for statistical analysis. SPSS 20.0 program was employed to conduct frequency analysis and reliability analysis, while AMOS 20.0 program was used to test the hypotheses. The results revealed that all three elements of service quality have a positive impact on perceived benefit. In particular, the outcome quality element had the greatest influence on perceived benefit. In sum, customers of a franchise snack bar considered outcome variables such as food taste, reasonable amount, and general quality of food as the most important factors to fulfill the benefit. This results suggest that Korean snack bar franchise companies need to consider improvements to outcome quality features, such as food quality. In addition, perceived benefit was a critical antecedent of perceived value, which was itself a significant predictor of behavioral intention. In conclusion, this study applied the means-end chain theory on franchise sank bar segmentation, as well as three dimension service quality model as developed by Brady and Cronin, and found results that will enable meaningful strategics for snack bar foodservice segmentation in pursuit of the development of efficient business plans, and that can be utilized as a theoretical data for future studies.