• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.408-415
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• 1997

The backward tracing scheme of the finite element analysis, which is counted to be unique and useful for process design in metal forming, has been developed and applied successfully in industry to several metal forming processes. Here the backward tracing scheme is implemented for process design of three-dimensional plastic deformation in metal forming, and it is applied to a precision coining process. The contact problem between the die and workpiece has been treated carefully during backward tracing simulation in three-dimensional deformation. The results confirm that the application of the developed program implemented with backward tracing scheme of the rigid plastic finite element leads to a reasonable initial piercing hole configuration. It is concluded that three-dimensional extension of the scheme appears to be successful for industrial applications.