• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.328-334
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• 2018

PURPOSE. To evaluate the reproducibility of scan-based abutments using a blue light model scanner. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A wax cast abutment die was fabricated, and a silicone impression was prepared using a silicone material. Nine study dies were constructed using the prepared duplicable silicone, and the first was used as a reference. These dies were classified into three groups and scanned using a blue light model scanner. The first three-dimensional (3D) data set was obtained by scanning eight dies separately in the first group. The second 3D data set was acquired when four dies were placed together in the scanner and scanned twice in the second group. Finally, the third 3D data set was obtained when eight dies were placed together in the scanner and scanned once. These data were then used to define the data value using third-dimension software. All the data were then analyzed using the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis H test (${\alpha}=.05$) and the post-hoc Mann-Whitney U-test with Bonferroni's correction (${\alpha}=.017$). RESULTS. The means and standard deviations of the eight dies together were larger than those of the four dies together and of the individual die. Moreover, significant differences were observed among the three groups (P<.05). CONCLUSION. With larger numbers of abutments scanned together, the scan becomes more inaccurate and loses reproducibility. Therefore, scans of smaller numbers of abutments are recommended to ensure better results.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.319-328
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• 2020

This paper investigates the effect of the width of failure and tension crack (TC) on the stability of cohesive-frictional soil slopes in three dimensions. Working analytically, the slip surface and the tension crack are considered to have spheroid and cylindrical shape respectively, although the case of tension crack having planar, vertical surface is also discussed; the latter was found to return higher safety factor values. Because at the initiation of a purely rotational slide along a spheroid surface no shear forces develop inside the failure mass, the rigid body concept is conveniently used; in this respect, the validity of the rigid body concept is discussed, whilst it is supported by comparison examples. Stability tables are given for fully drained and fully saturated slopes without TC, with non-filled TC as well as with fully-filled TC. Among the main findings is that, the width of failure corresponding to the minimum safety factor value is not always infinite, but it is affected by the triggering factor for failure (e.g., water acting as pore pressures and/or as hydrostatic force in the TC). More specifically, it was found that, when a slope is near its limit equilibrium and under the influence of a triggering factor, the minimum safety factor value corresponds to a near spherical failure mechanism, even if the triggering factor (e.g., pore-water pressures) acts uniformly along the third dimension. Moreover, it was found that, the effect of tension crack is much greater when the stability of slopes is studied in three dimensions; indeed, safety factor values comparable to the 2D case are obtained.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제36권9C호
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• pp.537-545
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• 2011

본 논문은 DVB-RCS NG(Next Generation) 에서 제안된 3차원 터보 부호와 터보 ${\Phi}$부호를 각 부호화율에 따라 성능 비교 분석하였다. 터보 ${\Phi}$ 부호에 있어서 기존의 이중 바이너리 구조에서 3진 바이너리 구조로 확장 될 때, 최적의 치환 패턴과 천공 패턴 분석을 제시하였다. 또한 3차원 터보 부호에서, post-encoder의 형태, 인터리빙 기법에 따라 성능이 달라지므로 각 파라메타에 대한 최적의 값을 제시하였다. 최적의 파라메타 설정을 근거로 성능분석 결과 터보 ${\Phi}$ 부호와 3차원 터보 부호가 기존의 DVB-RCS 터보 부호가 가지고 있었던 오류 마루 현상을 극복함을 알 수 있었고 터보 ${\Phi}$ 부호가 3차원 터보 부호에 비해 성능이 약간 우수하나 계산량 측면에서는 약 18% 정도가 복잡한 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.106-118
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• 1983

The main purpose of this study is to systematically classify words indicating pain in terms of their ranks in each subclass. This study is a part of developing a Korean Pain Measurement Tool. This study didnot include exploration of each word's dimension such as sensory or affective. Eighty three Korean words tentatively classified in 19 subclasses in previous study were used for this study. At least three to six words were included in each subclass and the words were randomly placed in which each subject indicates their rank of pain degree. One hundred and fifty nursing students and one hundred clinical nurses were requested to indicate the rank of each word. One hundred and sixteen students and eighty three nurses completed the ratings for analysis. The data were collected from June 1983 to July 1983. The data using ordinal scale were analyzed by Friedman ANOVA to test significant difference between rank means. All of pain words indicated significant rank mean difference in all of 19 subclasses. Some of the words were either cancelled or replaced by other words, or rearranged for their ranks. Subclasses of which words were cancelled were 1) Simple stimulating pain, 2) Punctuate pressure, 3) peripheral nerve pain, 4) radiation pain, 5) punishment-related pain, and 6) suffering-related pain. Subclasses of which words were replaced or rearranged were 1) incisive pressure, 2) constrictive pressure, 3) dull pain, 4) tract pain, 5) digestion-related pain and 6) fear-related pain. Four subclasses such as traction pressure, thermal, cavity pressure, and fatigue- elated pain indicated significant differences among rank means in each subclasses and showed no visible overlaps of the ranks among means. Further research is needed using high level measurement of pain degree of each word and more sophisticated analysis of the pain degrees. Three pain words which would be related to chemical stimulation were newly explored and included as a new subclass. Through this study, the total number of subclasses increases from 19 to 20 and the total number of Korean words in the scale decreases from 83 to 80.

• 한국방재학회 논문집
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.159-164
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 경상남도 양산시를 통과하여 흐르는 양산천 유역에서의 홍수범람을 3차원 공간정보를 이용하여 모의하였다. Saint-Venant 방정식을 지배방정식으로 사용하였으며, 지배방정식의 선형항은 풍상차분기법을 이용하여 해석하였고 비선형항을 해석하기 위해서 Leap-frog 기법을 사용하였다. 홍수빈도에 따른 수치모의 결과는 3차원으로 가시화 되어 웹(web)상에서 제공되며 결과를 3차원적으로 가시화를 시킴으로서 2차원 도면상에 표시하여 제공하는 수치모의결과보다 대상 행정기관의 업무능률 향상과 대민서비스의 질을 향상시킬 수 있을 것이다. 본 연구를 통해 얻어진 수치모의 결과는 GIS를 이용한 3차원 홍수지도 작성에 사용될 수 있으며, 각 지방자치단체에 제공하므로서 홍수로 인한 피해를 감소시키는데 효율적일 것이다.

• 대순사상논총
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• 제34집
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• pp.171-202
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• 2020

本研究以韓華日的三個最大的末世論教派為討論對象, 並以千禧年的藍圖想像, 藍圖的再詮釋, 藍圖的轉化, 藍圖的制度化四個向度, 做為比較重點。韓國的大巡真裡會, 華人世界的一貫道, 日本的天理教等, 歷史起源的時空相當類似, 經百年後如今各自在全球都擁有超過百萬以上的信徒, 相當值得作比較性的研究。「本土性的千禧年運動」這個概念, 是我們對焦進行比較的概念工具 : 在外來侵略中, 失去祖先的土地和傳統生活方式, 產生了本土運動。透過奇蹟性的手段──外力勢力可以驟然消失, 神話人物或彌賽亞的來臨, 地景的改變──其終極目標是要去修復這些元素。遠處的終極目標激發了本土者以拋棄現有生活方式和物質擁有做為奉獻。而以千禧年藍圖的轉化與制度化為焦點, 就各團體的發展結果來看, 以兩個向度來做區別 : A千禧年的時間向度 : 由現實世界中去達成, 或是必須還要出現一個截然有別的想像性的永恆國度 ; B千禧年的集體性的視野 : 需要在神聖超越性的基礎上去建立烏托邦, 或是可能由人心的改造中創造集體性的幸福。由此交叉對應中, 我們可能得到各種團體的相對位置。分析性的來看, 三個團體轉化的模式與方向有著很大的差異。一貫道是將天國的藍圖, 轉為設定在另一個永恆的國度裡, 而將此世的世俗人生場域, 視為是修練本心的場所, 是做為進道之階所必須。天理教設定了教祖的永生, 這創造出天堂在人間的落實, 也激發成員與超越性之間的相容相洽不相分離。大巡真理會把教祖直接視為拯救全人類的開放性的上帝, 他不只是拯救信徒, 也要拯救全世界, 尤其是要創造以韓國為中心的美好世界的來臨。教祖開啟了後天世界, 它其實就在這個世間, 但這個後天世界尚未完成, 尚需要所有人員的努力, 這個努力有個人性的超自然的意義 (個人要解冤, 報恩和神人調化), 也有現實性的意義 (布德天下, 改造人間), 這些努力乃是建設人間成為理想天國的前提。本文的比較性探討, 還僅只是一個極為初步的探索, 未來有待收集更多資料, 以能進行更為細部與深刻的討論。

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.145-153
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 호흡에 의한 표적의 움직임 모사가 가능한 팬톰을 이용, 나선형 4DCT 영상에서 발생되는 위상 내 모션 아티팩트(residual motion artifact)의 경향을 분석했으며, 그 특성 및 원인 분석을 위한 이론적 모델을 제시하였다. 표적의 움직임은 SI 방향의 1차원 사인파형을 적용하였으며, 주기는 4s로 고정, 진폭은 10, 20, 30 mm로 변화를 주었다. 표적의 움직임과 동조를 이루는 호흡신호를 얻은 후 이를 기반으로 최대흡기(Inhale peak, 0%)로부터 10% 위상간격(phase bin)으로 재분류하여 총 10개의 4DCT 영상을 재구성하였다. 각각의 진폭(10, 20, 30 mm)별로 획득된 총 30 사례의 영상은 RTP 시스템(CorePLAN, SC&J)에서 분석을 수행하였으며, 경계설정 시 오류를 줄이기 위해 contour window를 고정 값으로 설정한 후 SI 방향의 표적 지름변화를 측정하여 왜곡 정도를 평가 하였다. 각 위상 별 표적의 지름 변화를 측정한 결과 일정한 변화 경향을 확인할 수 있었다. 3 사례(10, 20, 30 mm) 모두 50% 위상(phase) 영상에서 비교적 작은 지름 변화가 관찰 되었는데 10 mm 진폭에서는 정지 영상 대비 변화가 없었고, 20 mm 진폭에서는 0.1 cm (5%)의 변화, 30 mm 진폭에서는 0.1 cm (5%) 변화를 확인할 수 있었다. 반면 30% 위상(phase) 또는 80% 위상 영상에서는 다른 위상 영상에 비해 표적 지름의 변화가 비교적 크게 나타남을 확인할 수 있었다. 10 mm 진폭에서는 정지 영상대비 최대 0.2 cm (10%) 지름 변화가 나타났고 20 mm 진폭에서는 최대 0.7 cm (35%)의 변화, 30 mm 진폭에서는 최대 0.9 cm (45%)의 지름 변화가 나타났다. 이상의 실측결과를 이론모델의 시뮬레이션 결과와 비교해 봤을 때 변화의 양적인 측면에서는 다소 차이가 발생되었지만 변화의 경향성을 확인하는 측면에서는 의미 있는 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 본 연구의 결과를 통해 규칙적인 1차원 표적 움직임(sine motion)이 적용된 나선형 4DCT 영상에서도 위상 내 움직임에 의한 표적 지름변화가 발생될 수 있음을 확인했고 각 위상(phase)에서의 영상왜곡 정도가 위상 내 움직임의 속도에 비례함을 증명할 수 있었다. 또한 이상의 실측 결과를 이론모델에 적용하여 분석함으로써 위상 내 모션 아티팩트(residual motion artifact)의 발생원인 및 경향성 분석에 직관적 이해를 도울 수 있었고 이론모델에 기초한 분석 프로그램을 개발하여 특정 CT 파라미터(parameter) 상에서 영상왜곡을 줄이기 위한 최적의 위상(phase) 선택에 도움을 줄 수 있었다.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2006

A numerical investigation was performed to determine the effect of airfoil on the optimum flap height using NACA0015 Wells turbine. The five double flaps which have 0.5% difference were selected. A Navier-Stokes code, CFX-TASCflow, was used to calculate the flow field of the Wells turbine. The basic feature of the Wells turbine is that even though the cyclic airflow produces oscillating axial forces on the airfoil blades, the tangential force on the rotor is always in the same direction. Geometry used to define the three dimension numerical grid is based upon that of an experimental test rig. This paper tries to disign the double flap of Wells turbine with the numerical analysis.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회B
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• pp.2857-2861
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• 2007

Flow and aerodynamic characteristics were analyzed numerically for a commercial passenger airplane, Boeing 747-400, flying in the cruising condition. The model geometry with 100:1 in scale was obtained by the photo scanning measurement with the maximum error of 1.4% comparing with the real airplane dimension. The three-dimensional inviscid steady compressible governing equations were solved by the finite volume method in the unstructured grid system. The convective terms were treated by the Crank-Nicholson and first-order upwind schemes. In the computational results, the strong wing-tip vortices were clearly observed and the pressure contours on the airplane surface were suggested. The lift and drag forces in the wing with engines increase by 1.49% and 3.9%, respectively compared with the case without engines. The aerodynamic forces were estimated quantitatively for each element which consists of the airplane.

• 교육시설
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.14-24
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• 2007

Recently, there are three major trends in building school facilities by government. First trend is to reconstruct facilities that have been built for 30 years. Second is the creation of a new town, new construction demanded from the redeveloping area. Finally, third is to build educational convenience facilities such as gymnasium, auditorium and cafeteria etc. When building or reconstructing school facilities, it is important to consider the 7th Education curriculum. The purpose of this study is to propose the guide line of the planning the dimension of Science Laboratory in in elementary school, corresponding to teaming contents and method.