• 한국측량학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.399-408
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• 2006

철도는 대중교통 수단으로 가장 일찍이 개발되어 근대 산업발전에 크게 기여하였으나 20세기 중반이후 자동차, 항공기 산업의 발달과 투자의 집중으로 철도시설의 낙후 등 정체화의 길을 걷게 되었다. 그러나 산업의 고도화 및 분업화로 인한 교통수요의 급속한 증가와 다양화로 대량수송, 고속성, 안전성, 정시성, 에너지 효율성 및 환경오염 방지 측면에서 탁월한 장점을 갖는 철도의 역할을 재인식하게 되었다. 최근 기존선의 개량 및 이설하고자 할 경우 기존선의 평면선형 제원은 기본적인 자료로서 필요하게 되는데, 만약 최초 선형자료의 기본인 설계도서가 분실되었거나 훼손되었을 경우에 설계제원의 복원이 불가능하며, 최근 발생되는 각종 재난으로 인한 선로 유실시 선형의 정밀 복구가 어려운 실정이다. 철도선형제원이 기본적인 지리정보 자료로서의 기능을 발휘하기 위해서는 누락된 기존선의 철도선형에 대한 제원을 알아야 한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 사회간접자본시설인 철도를 대상으로 디지털 영상을 획득하고 분석 처리하여 선형의 3차원 형상을 재현하며, 선형제원을 역으로 산출함으로써 기존선의 선형자료를 정밀하게 추출하여 철도시설의 정보화 구축에 기여하고자 한다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제59권5호
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• pp.51-60
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• 2017

This research is a basic study to minimize the risk of disaster (earthquakes and landslides) for rural residential houses. In this study, three-dimensional numerical analysis was performed by varying the diameter (D), thickness (T) and the spacing of longitudinal members (C.T.C) of duralumin and galvanized steel pipe as the materials of main members in order to carry out the analysis of the dimension and the applied load of shelter for disaster prevention, and to evaluate the eligibility of members that can satisfy safety and usability. From the evaluation results of the member eligibility by the above numerical analysis, it was found that duralumin has a great influence on the member diameter (D) and thickness (T), and in the case of galvanized steel pipe, its spacing of longitudinal members has a huge amount of influence over the member force, so it is considered that the duralumin and galvanized steel pipe materials can be used as materials for the main members of disaster prevention shelters in terms of safety and usability.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.360-366
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• 2012

Background Coverage of defects of the pretibial area remains a challenge for surgeons. The difficulty comes from the limited mobility and availability of the overlying skin and soft tissue. We applied variable pedicled perforator flaps to overcome the disadvantages of local flaps and free flaps on the pretibial area. Methods Eight patients who had the defects in the anterior tibial area were enrolled. Retrospective data were obtained on patient demographics, cause, defect location, defect size, flap dimension, originating artery, pedicle length, pedicle rotation, complication, and postoperative result. The raw surface created following the flap elevation was covered with a split thickness skin graft. Results Posterior tibial artery-based perforator flaps were used in five cases and peroneal artery-based perforator flaps in three cases. The mean age was 54.3 and the mean period of follow-up was 6 months. The average size of the flaps was 63.8 $cm^2$, with a range of 18 to 135 $cm^2$. There were no major complications. No patients had any newly developed functional deficit of the lower leg. Conclusions We suggest that pedicled perforator flaps can be an alternative treatment modality for covering pretibial defects as a simple, safe and versatile procedure.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제31권11호
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• pp.1530-1541
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to establish a standard sizing system for Taekwondo uniforms. The sample utilized in the study consisted of 5,679 male and female subjects, obtained from Size Korea Project. Twenty three measurements were identified and selected as critical in the design and construction of Taekwondo uniforms. The results were as follows: First, it was determined that all brands used "height" as a key dimension of size designation. Two of brands added "chest girth" or "numeric numbers" to designate size in addition to "height". For example: 1) height/chest girth, 2) height/numeric number. The size pitches of all current Taekwondo uniforms in the market were 10cm of height for all brands. Second, the study showed male measurements were larger and longer than females, establishing that independent sizing specifications by sexes are needed. Third, in case of Taekwondo shirts, height and chest girth were selected as control dimensions. In case of pants, height and waist girth were selected as control dimensions. For selecting optimal sizing pitch, 2 different pitches of chest girth and waist girth(4cm pitch by KS and 8cm pitch by researchers) were compared, while height pitch was fixed at 10cm. Fourth, based on the analysis of the measurements(coverages and coverage efficiency rates), it was determined that 8cm pitches of chest and waist girth were efficient in both upper and lower Taekwondo uniforms. Fifth, subjects distribution counts and percentages were shown after analyzing coverage efficiency rates. Separate results are noted for the upper and lower Taekwondo uniforms. As previously mentioned, height pitches were 10cm and chest and waist pitches were 8cm. Finally, as a result of this research, key and referable measurements relevant to making Taekwondo uniforms were identified for male and female uniform. In case of Taekwondo shirts, 18 sizes were established for men, 16 sizes for women. Twenty five sizes for men and 20 sizes for women were presented in size tables for pants.

• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2010

말뚝 상부에서 수평력 대부분을 저항한다는 매커니즘을 활용하여, 횡방향 하중이 대부분인 항만 및 해양구조물에 효율적으로 적용할 수 있는 새로운 말뚝 형식을 고안하였다. 이번 연구에서는 버켓 기초식 보강기법, 팽이 기초식 보강기법, 그라우팅식 보강기법 등 3가지 형태의 보강기법을 활용한 상부 확대형 횡방향 지지 증대 말뚝에 대한 3차원 유한요소해석을 수행하였다. 이를 통해 지반의 종류를 비롯하여, 각 보강 기법의 종류, 말뚝의 종류 및 길이, 지반의 심도 등 다양한 변수가 말뚝의 횡방향 지지 거동에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 해석 결과, 버켓 기초를 활용한 경우 팽이기초나 그라우팅 기법 등 전반적으로 다른 보강기법을 활용한 경우에 비해 횡방향 지지력 효율이 상대적으로 가장 뛰어난 것으로 나타난다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.433-443
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• 2009

The purposes of this study were to investigate the relationships among body image, social self concept, and clothing behaviors of adolescents, and to find out the differences of the relationships among these three variables by adolescents' sex and age variables. The research method was survey and the subjects were 656 male and female adolescents in Daejeon. The questionnaire consisted of 4 measuring instruments; body image, social self concept, clothing behaviors and demographic attribution. The data were analyzed by Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, factor analysis, t-test, and path analysis, using SPSS program. The results were as follows. First, adolescents generally evaluated their bodies as middle level on their physical attractiveness and had positive social self concept. And high school students had more positive body image and social self concept than middle school students. Second, on clothing behaviors, 5 dimensions were emerged: clothing interest, psychological dependency of clothing, clothing ostentation, clothing conformity, and clothing satisfaction. Third, there were close correlations among body image, social self concept, and clothing behaviors; body image and social self concept had close interrelationship each other. However, body image had close relationship with only clothing satisfaction dimension, whereas social self concept had close relationships with all clothing behavior dimensions except clothing conformity. In conclusion, this results showed that body image, social self concept and clothing behaviors have close interrelations, therefore, clothing play an important role to enhance adolescents' body image and social self concept.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2012

In order to provide the basis for developing practical mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) culture method, how the endogenous level of self-renewal-stimulating factor genes was altered in the mESCs by different extracellular signaling was investigated in this study. For different extracellular signaling, mESCs were cultured in 2 dimension (D), 3D and integrin-stimulating 3D culture system in the presence or absence of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and transcriptional level of $Lif$, $Bmp4$ and $Wnt3a$ was evaluated in the mESCs cultured in each system. The expression of three genes was significantly increased in 3D system relative to 2D system under LIF-containing condition, while only $Wnt3a$ expression was increased by 3D culture under LIF-free condition. Stimulation of integrin signaling in mESCs within 3D system with exogenous LIF significantly up-regulated transcriptional level of $Bmp4$, but did not induce transcriptional regulation of $Lif$ and $Wnt3a$. In the absence of LIF inside 3D system, the expression of $Lif$ and $Bmp4$ was significantly increased by integrin signaling, while it significantly decreased $Wnt3a$ expression. Finally, the signal from exogenous LIF significantly caused increased expression of $Lif$ in 2D system, decreased expression of $Bmp4$ in both 2D and 3D system, and decreased expression of $Wnt3a$ in integrin-stimulating 3D system. From these results, we identified that endogenous expression level of self-renewal-stimulating factor genes in mESCs could be effectively regulated through artificial and proper manipulation of extracellular signaling. Moreover, synthetic 3D niche stimulating endogenous secretion of self-renewal-stimulating factors will be able to help develop growth factor-free maintenance system of mESCs.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2015

In order to provide some references for suitability of carrier-based aircrafts, this paper studies the flow field of exhaust jets and its impact on the flight deck. The geometrical models of aircraft carrier and carrier-based aircrafts are firstly built, on which unstructured tetrahedral meshes are generated for numerical analysis. Then, this paper simulates the flow field of exhaust jets to evaluate its impact on the Jet Blast Deflector (JBD) and the flight deck, when four carrier-based aircrafts are ready to start off in the bow. The standard k-${\varepsilon}$ equations, three-dimension N-S equations and the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) theory are used in the analysis process. To solve the equations, the thermal coupling of the wind and the jet flow are also considered. The velocity and temperature distributions are provided with the simulation of the CFD software, FLUENT. The results indicate that: (1) this analytical method can be used to simulate aerodynamic problems with complex geometrical models, and the results are of high reliability; (2) the safety working area, the installation scheme of the JBD and the arrangement of the take-off position can be optimized through analysis.

• 대한지구과학교육학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.105-113
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of storytelling skill on science learning motivation and space perception ability. For this study the 5 grade, 2 class was divided into a research group and a comparative group. The class was pre-tested in order to ensure the same standard. The research group had the science class with storytelling skill, and the comparative group had the class with teacher centered lectures for 10 classes in 10 weeks. The storytelling skill was focused on finding stories, constellation searching, story deciding, story hero deciding, story composition, storytelling completion. To prove the effects of this study, science learning motivation was split up according to attention power, relation, confidence, and sense of satisfaction. Also, space perception ability consisted of two-dimensional rotation, 3 dimension rotations, reflection, three-dimensional searching, number of block, and figure type in pattern. The results of this study are as follows. First, using storytelling skill was effective in science learning motivation. Second, using storytelling skill was effective in space perception ability. Also, after using storytelling skill was good reaction by students. As a result, the elementary science class with storytelling skill had the effects of developing science learning motivation and space perception ability. it means the science class with storytelling skill has potential possibilities and value to develop science learning motivation and space perception ability.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.301-308
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• 2002

연구는 인간에게 3차원 공간상에서 시청각 통합 환경을 만든 후 정신적 스트레스가 시각 자극을 통해 ERPs에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 정량적으로 분석하기 위하여 수행되었다. 이를 위하여, 정상 상태와 정신적 스트레스를 제시 상태를 구분하여 ERPs를 측정하였다. 실험은 정상상태의 남녀 10명의 피험자를 대상으로 하였고. 생체 신호는 Fpl, Fz, Cz. Pz, O1, O2의 영역에서 전자기적 영향을 받지 않는 차폐 공간에서 측정하였다. 그 결과 P300의 진폭은 스트레스를 제시한 경우에 좀더 커지고, 이때의 잠재기는 길어지는 결과를 얻었다 본 연구에서는 인간의 지각, 인지. 행동의 과정을 담당하는 뇌의 활동을 전위 변동으로 기록하여 정신적 스트레스의 영향을 측정하였다. 이러한 기초적 연구 검토를 통하여 인간의 제반 과정에 관한 뇌 기능의 이상을 평가 할 수 있을 것이라 기대된다.