• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.28-42
• /
• 2023

Seed dispersal supports community structure, maintains genetic connectivity across fragmented landscapes, and influences vegetation assemblages. In the Philippines, only two seed dispersal studies have compared different dispersal agents. We examined the seed dispersal patterns of water, wind, birds, and bats in the Caliraya Watershed, Philippines. We aimed to determine the floral species that were dispersed and how the forest characteristics influenced seed dispersal. By running seed rain traps and drift litter collection from March to June 2022, we analyzed 14,090 seeds in a privately owned study site within the watershed. Water did not exclusively disperse any species and acted as a secondary disperser. Seed density (seeds/trap) was significantly higher for bird-dispersed (n=166) and bat-dispersed (n=145) seeds than for wind-dispersed (n=79) seeds (One-way analysis of variance [ANOVA]: F_2,87=16.21, P<0.0001). Species number (species/trap) was significantly higher for bird-dispersed (n=3.7) and bat-dispersed (n=3.9) seeds than for wind-dispersed (n=0.2) seeds (One-way ANOVA: F_2,87 =16.67, P<0.0001). Birds dispersed more species because they are more diverse and access a wider variety of fruits, unlike bats. Birds and bats target different fruits and provide separate seed dispersal services. Generalized linear model analyses revealed that the number and basal area of fleshy fruit trees most strongly influenced the bird seed dispersal patterns. Therefore, we recommend a three-way approach to restoration efforts in the Caliraya Watershed: (1) ensure the presence of fleshy fruit trees in restoration zones, (2) assist the establishment of mid-successional and wind-dispersed trees, and (3) intensify the conservation efforts for both flora and faunal diversity.

• 대한물리의학회지
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.1-13
• /
• 2022

PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of the craniovertebral angle, proprioception (joint error test), and the upper trapezius on the muscle tone when comparing cervical stabilization and scapula stabilization exercises and when two exercises were performed together. METHODS: The participants in this study agreed in advance, and this study was carried out by recruiting 27 university students in their twenties with mild frontal posture. The subjects were assigned randomly to three groups that performed cervical stabilization exercises, scapular stabilization exercises, and both cervical and scapular stabilization exercises. One-way repeated ANOVA was used to analyze the evaluation values of the 1^st, 3^rd, and 6^th weeks of exercise intervention within the group, and one-way ANOVA was used to compare the difference in the effects of exercise intervention among the three groups. RESULTS: Proprioception was significantly different in the cervical stabilization exercises (CSE) group and the cervical stabilization exercises + Scapular stabilization exercises (CSE+SSE) groups at three weeks, and there was a significant difference between the scapular stabilization exercises (SSE) group and the CSE+SSE group (p < .05). At six weeks, there was a significant difference between the CSE group and the CSE+SSE group, and there was a significant difference between the SSE group and the CSE+SSE group (p < .05). There was a significant difference between three and six weeks in the CSE group (p < .05). In the SSE group, there was a significant difference between pre and six weeks, and between three and six weeks (p < .05). In the CSE+SSE group, there was a significant difference between pre and three weeks, and between pre and six weeks (p < .05). On the other hand, there were no significant differences between CVA and muscular tone in all three groups (P > .05). CONCLUSION: In all groups, the proprioception (joint error test) showed significant improvement, and the CSE+SSE group showed greater improvement than the other groups. As a result, the appropriate combination of neck stabilization exercise and scapular stabilization exercise effectively improved proprioception in the presence of forward head posture (FHP).

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• 제34권2호
• /
• pp.103-112
• /
• 2009

본 연구에서는 2종의 이원중합 레진시멘트 (RelyX ARC와 Variolink II)를 이용하여 접착제와 레진시멘트의 중합방법 (자가중합과 광중합)이 섬유포스트와 근관 상아질의 결합강도와 접착계면에 미치는 영향을 상호 비교하기 위하여 시행하였다. 단근관을 갖는 발거된 32개의 하악 소구치에 근관을 충전한 후, FRC Postec system의 Reamer로 9 mm 깊이의 포스트 공간을 형성하였다. 레진시멘트의 종류와 중합방법에 따라 4개의 군 (R-SC군, R-LC군, V-SC군, V-LC군)으로 분류하였다. 포스트 공간에 각 군의 접착제를 도포한 후 레진시멘트를 주입하고, No. 3 FRC Postec 포스트를 위치시켜 자가중합 또는 광중합시켰다. 각 군의 치근을 실온의 증류수에 24시간동안 보관한 다음, 저속의 diamond wheel saw를 이용하여 치관부에서 치근단부를 향해 1.5 mm두께로 연속적으로 횡절단하여 1개의 치근에서 3개의 절편을 얻었다. 각 군의 절편 (31개)은 만능시험기에서 push-out 검사를 시행하였고, 각 군의 강도 값은 반복측정 two-way ANOVA와 one-way ANOVA를 이용하여 비교 분석하였다. 각 군의 절편 (3개)은 주사전자현미경하에서 섬유포스트, 레진시멘트 및 치근 상아질 간의 계면을 관찰, 비교하였다. 본 연구의 결과 전 부식 레진시멘트를 이용하여 섬유포스트를 포스트 공간에 합착할 경우, 접착제와 레진시멘트의 중합방법은 근관 상아질의 결합강도에 영향을 주었으며, 광중합보다 자가중합 방법 이 우수한 결합강도와 계면을 나타내었다.

• 대한물리의학회지
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.69-75
• /
• 2012

Purpose : The study was designed to investigate analysis of kinematics of lower extremity in healthy adults during walking with external loads on trunk. Methods : Fifteen healthy adults were recruited and The subjects provided written and informed consent prior to participation. They walked on a ten-meter walkway at a self-selected pace with loads of 0, 5, 10, and 15kg. They completed three trials in each condition and kinematic changes were measured. A three-dimensional motion analysis system was used to analyze lower extremity kinematic data. The data collected by each way of walking task and analyzed by One-way ANOVA. Results : There were significant differences in hip and knee joint on saggittal plane at initial contact and preswing, and significant differences in ankle joint on transverse plane at preswing. Conclusion : These findings revealed that increased external loads were changed joint angles and influenced postural strategies because of kinematic mechanism and future studies is recommended to find out prevention from damage of activities of daily living.

• 한국생활과학회지
• /
• 제23권5호
• /
• pp.873-890
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship among consumer's perceived risk of apparel purchase in internet shopping mall, control, and impulse buying. The subjects were 319 female college students in Gyeongsang provinces. The obtained data were analyzed by reliability analysis, analysis of frequency, factor analysis, cluster analysis, one-way ANOVA, Duncan's multiple range test, correlation analysis, and t-test. The major results of this study were as follows: First, three factors of consumer's perceived risk of apparel purchase in internet shopping mall were identified: size risk, trust risk, and social/psychological risk. Second, the subjects were categorized into three different types of groups according to perceived risk: high perceived risk type, middle perceived risk type, and low perceived risk type. Third, three control(self-control, goal-control, and desire for control) and three impulse buying(impulsive buying for showing off, impulsive buying for excitement, and impulsive buying due to memory) were identified. Fourth, there was significant difference between strong control group and weak control group on three factors of impulse buying. Fifth, a significant positive correlation was found size risk and three factors of control and a significant negative correlation was found self-control and three factors of impulse buying.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• 제46권2호
• /
• pp.301-309
• /
• 2008

본 연구에서는 레졸수지 합성에서 부가반응 실험변수인 F/P 몰비, 촉매 wt% 및 반응온도가 페놀치환체에 미치는 영향을 2단 실험계획법을 사용하여 실험하고 실험 결과를 삼원변량분석법(ANOVA, SPSS)을 사용하여 해석하였다. 페놀치환체는 반응시간 300분에서 F/P 몰비가 높을수록, 반응온도가 낮을수록, 촉매량이 적을수록 증가하는 경향을 보였고 ortho 지향성이 있음을 확인하였다. 레졸형 페놀수지의 합성에서 페놀계 치환체의 해리반응과 메틸렌글리콜 형태의 포름알데하이드의 분율을 고려하는 Zavitsas류의 속도론 모델을 단순화시킨 기초반응 모델을 제시하고 Zavitsas류의 속도론 모델과 비교하였다. 기초반응 모델은 평균적으로 2.79%의 오차를 보였으며 Zavitsas류 모델의 오차인 3.27%와 비슷한 값을 보이는 것을 확인하였다. 따라서 본 논문에서 제시한 기초반응 모델은 레졸합성의 부가반응 속도론 연구에 적용 가능하다고 판단된다.

• 구강회복응용과학지
• /
• 제37권3호
• /
• pp.111-122
• /
• 2021

목적: 5Y-ZP의 세가지 층 간 굽힘강도, 투과도를 비교하고 추가적인 소성이 미치는 영향을 연구하고자 하였다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 소결한 지르코니아 블록을 세가지 층에 따라 분리한 후 원형 디스크 시편을 제작하였다. 시편의 직경은 15.0 mm이며, 2축굽힘강도와 투과도를 측정하기 위한 시편의 두께는 각각 1.2 mm와 1.0 mm이다. 시편들을 추가적인 소성 횟수(0, 1, 3번)에 따라 세 군으로 분류한 후 추가적인 소성은 900℃ 이하의 온도에서 퍼니스를 사용하여 소성 횟수에 따라 시행하였다. 만능재료시험기와 자외선-가시광선 분광광도계를 사용하여 2축굽힘강도와 투과도를 측정하였다. 상의 변화를 관찰하기 위해 X선 회절 분석을 시행하였다. 측정값은 One-way ANOVA, Tukey HSD test를 통하여 분석하였다(α = 0.05). 결과: 층 간 2축굽힘강도는 유의한 차이가 없었지만(P > 0.05) 투과도는 유의한 차이가 있었다(P < 0.05). 절단 및 전이층은 1번의 추가적인 소성 후 굽힘강도가 유의하게 감소하였으며, 3번의 추가적인 소성 후에는 모든 층의 굽힘강도가 소성 전과 비교하여 유의하게 감소하였다. 몸체 층을 제외한 나머지 층들은 추가적인 소성 후에 투과도가 유의하게 감소하였다. 모든 그룹의 X선 회절 분석 결과는 유사하였다. 결론: 5Y-ZP의 세 층은 투과도의 차이만 존재하였다. 추가적인 소성은 각 층의 굽힘강도와 투과도에 다른 영향을 미쳤으나 상전이는 발견되지 않았다.

• 대한치과기공학회지
• /
• 제40권4호
• /
• pp.217-224
• /
• 2018

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate accuracy of three type complete mandibular denture of before and after polymerization. Methods: Mandibular edentulous model was selected as the master model. 15 study models were made by Type IV stone. Wax complete mandibular dentures were produced by the denture base and artificial teeth. Before and after curing, STL files were obtained using a blue scanner. By superimposing the digitized complete mandibular denture data(after curing) with the CAD-reference(before curing) three-dimensionally, visual fit-discrepancies were drawn by calculating the root mean square (RMS) and visualized on a color-difference map. Each calculated RMS-value was statistically analyzed by 1-way analysis of variance(ANOVA) (${\alpha}=.05$). Results: Mean(SD) RMS-values was OM group $88.98(6.10){\mu}m$, BM group $82.35(13.46){\mu}m$, BDM group $77.83(9.46){\mu}m$. The results of the 1-way ANOVA showed no statistically significant differences in the RMS values of the Three groups for the material (P > .241). Conclusion : Deformation of artificial teeth position was observed in all groups after resin polymerization. But the values, all group were within the clinically acceptable range. The values of BDM group showed the least deformation than the other two groups.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• 제34권1호
• /
• pp.6-11
• /
• 2022

Purpose: This study investigated the muscle activity of the lower trapezius (LT) during three different shoulder flexion exercises. Methods: Twenty-three subjects between 20 and 25 years of age were enrolled. The subjects were asked to perform three different shoulder flexion exercises: 1) shoulder flexion in prone (SFP), 2) shoulder flexion in push-up with a swiss ball (SFPUS) and 3) shoulder flexion in a quadruped position with a swiss ball (SFQPS) in random order. The muscle activity of LT during each shoulder flexion exercise was measured by using surface electromyography. The muscle activity of LT was compared using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni post hoc test among three different shoulder flexion exercises. The statistical significance level was set at α=0.01. Results: The muscle activity of LT was significantly different among three different shoulder flexion exercises (SFP, SFPUS, and SFQPS). The LT muscle activity with SFQPS exercise was greater than SFP and SFPUS exercises (p<0.01). There was no significant difference in LT muscle activity between SFP and SFPUS exercises (p>0.01). Conclusion: The LT muscle activity was greater during SFQPS than SFP and SFPUS. Therefore, SFQPS exercise can be recommended for selectively activation of LT muscle.

• 성인간호학회지
• /
• 제27권4호
• /
• pp.406-417
• /
• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of Telephone-enforced Preoperative Pelvic Floor Muscle Exercise (TP-PFME) for prostate cancer patients on Urinary Incontinence (UI), Urinary Function (UF) related satisfaction, depression, and Quality of Life (QoL). Methods: A non-equivalent control group non-synchronized design was used with 85 participants. The two experimental groups (EG) began the PFME protocol two weeks prior to surgery. The subjects in the EG I received telephone calls to reinforce the PFME protocol. The comparison group began the PFME protocol after their surgery. Data were analyzed by the SPSS/WIN 21.0 using descriptive statistics, $x^2$ test, One-way ANOVA, Fisher's exact test, and Repeated measures ANOVA. Results: EG I showed higher performance of PFME at one (p=.001) and three months (p=.015) after surgery than the comparison group. Comparison group showed significantly more severe UI at one (p=.002) and three months (p=.006) after surgery and reported lower UF related satisfaction than EG I at one month after surgery (p=.015). Participants in both experimental groups reported higher QoL scores (p=.001) at three months following surgery than those in the comparison group. There were no significant differences in depression among the three groups. Conclusion: The findings from this study suggest that preoperative TP-PFME was effective in decreasing the perceived severity of UI as well as increasing UF related satisfaction and QoL.