• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제21권10호
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• pp.57-64
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• 2004

The objective of this study is to suggest the form rolling technology to produce high precision worm on the base of three dimensional finite element simulation and experiment. It is important to determine the initial workpiece diameter in form rolling because it affects the quality of tooth profile. The calculation method of the initial workpiece diameter in form rolling is suggested and it is verified by finite element simulation. The form rolling processes of worm shaft used as automotive part using both the rack dies of counter flow type and the roll dies are considered and simulated with the same numerical model as actual process by the commercial finite element code, BEFORM-3D. Deformation modes of workpiece between the form rolling by the rack dies of counter flow type and the roll dies are investigated from the result of simulation. The experiments using rack dies and roll dies are performed under the same conditions as those of simulation. The surface roughness, the straightness and the profile of worm are measured precisely using the worm shafts obtained from experiment. The results of simulation and experiment in this study show that the form rolling process of worn shaft using the rack dies is decidedly superior to that using roll dies from the aspect of the precision of worm such as the surface roughness, the straightness and the profile of worm.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.93-106
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• 1994

지구자기구의 자기유체파에 대한 혼합의 성질을 연구하기 위해 3차원 box model을 개발하였다. 이 모델에서 축대칭 ring current의 효과를 자기유체파동방정식에 압력의 변화로 가정함으로써 조사하였다. 압축성 파는 축대칭 ring current에 의하여 noise가 발생되지만 자기력선 공명현상에는 어떠한 영향도 미치지 않는다느 사실을 발견하였다. 그러므로 압력 변화에 의한 ring current가 존재하는 지역에서 global 공동(cavity) mode 와 같이 불연속적인 주파수가 나타나지 않는 위성실험결과를 설명할 수 있었다. 또한 횡파의 연속적인 주파수 띠는 ring current가 지구의 이중극자축에 비대칭이 되어질 때 까지 영향을 받지 않음을 밝혔으며 따라서 실험결과에서 횡파에 의한 스펙트럼이 압축성파에 비해 매우 자주 관측됨을 확인할 수 있었다. 추가로 본 연구에서 압력의 변화를 가정하지 않은 이전의 box model이나 dipole model 에서 얻은 파 혼합현상의 결과가 유효함을 보였다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.187-196
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• 1997

The three-dimensional flow analysis using the finite volume method is presented to compare the steady flow characteristics of blood with those of blood substitutes such as water and aqueous polymer solution in an idealized double branching model. The model is used to simlllate the region of the abdominal aorta near the celiac and superior mesenteric branches. Apparent viscosities of blood and the aqueous Separan solution are represented as a function of shear rate by the Carreau model, Water and aqueoiu Separan AP-273 500wppm solution are frequently used as blood substitutes in vitro experiments. Water is a typical Newtonian fluid and blood and Separan solution are non-Newtonian fluids. Flow phenomena such as velocity distribution, pressure variation and wall shear stress distribution of water, blood and polymer solution are quite different due to differences of the rheological characteristics of fluids. Flow phenomena of polymer solution are qualitatively similar to those of blood but the phenomena of water are quite different from those of blood and polymer solution. It is recommended that a lion-Newtonian fluid which exhibits very similar rheological behavior to blood be used in vitro experiments. A non-Newtonian fluid whose rheological characteristics are very similar to those of blood should be used to obtain the meaninylll hemodynamic data for blood flow in vitro experiment and by numerical analysis

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.109-118
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• 2007

굴착손상영역(EDZ)은 굴착으로 인해 현지 암반이 역학적으로 손상을 입게 되어 응력상태, 변위상태, 암반의 안정성, 지하수의 흐름상태 등에 변화가 일어나는 영역을 의미한다. EDZ의 역학적 특성과 관련한 많은 연구들이 수행되었지만, EDZ에서의 지하수 유동 특성에 관한 연구는 아직 부족한 수준이다. 본 연구에서는 굴착으로 인한 수리-역학 상호작용(coupling)에 의해 굴착면 주변의 수리적 간극값이 변하는 영역을 수리적 굴착 thstkdduddudr이라 정의하고, 이를 3차원 분리단열망(DFN)에 적용시켜 보았다. 이를 통해 수리적 간극변화가 3차원 불연속 망에서의 전반적인 지하수 유동에 미치는 영향을 파악하였다. 또한 3차원 DFN 지하수 유동 해석 시 주로 이용되는 수두 조건과 유량 조건의 적용성을 고찰하였다. 해석 결과 수리-역학적 상호거동에 의해 발생하는 굴착면 주변의 수리적 간극변화는 터널 내부로 유입되는 유량에 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 DFN 해석 시 다양한 경계조건에 따른 상이한 결과를 토대로 보다 합리적인 경계조건 설정에 대한 방향을 제시하였다. 마지막으로 실제 현장에서 수리해석을 실시한 자료를 바탕으로 수리적 간극 값의 변화를 고려할 때와 고려하지 않을 때의 유입유량 차이를 통해, 3차원 지하공동의 지하수 유동해석 시 수리적 간극 값의 변화를 고려하는 것이 보다 더 보수적인 결과를 나타내는 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.100-108
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• 2022

본 연구는 말뚝이 결합된 블록식방파제에 대하여 수평하중 재하에 따른 블록과 말뚝의 거동을 파악하기 위하여 FEM 3차원 수치해석을 실시하였다. 지반구성모델은 Mohr-Coulomb 모델을 향상시킨 Modified Mohr Coulomb 모델을 적용하였다. 말뚝이 블록에만 관입된 경우, 사석층(H = 4.29 cm)까지 근입된 경우, 원지반속에 근입된 2H, 3H, 4H의 경우에 검토하였다. 실내모형실험 결과와 수치해석를 비교한 결과, 수평저항력-변위가 서로 유사한 거동을 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 말뚝의 근입깊이가 1H~ 2H까지는 말뚝이 회전거동을 보이고, 3H~4H의 경우에는 휨거동 양상을 보이는 것으로 해석되었다. 말뚝의 근입깊이가 3H 이상인 경우에는 말뚝이 휨거동을 보이므로 말뚝이 블록식방파제의 수평저항력에 크게 기여한다고 볼 수 있다. 본 연구 결과는 실제 크기 구조물 설계를 위한 다양한 수치해석 시 자료로 활용이 있을 것이다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제61권2호
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• pp.13-23
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• 2019

In this study, an overtopping model experiments and three dimensional seepage characteristics at the deteriorated homogeneous reservoirs were performed to investigate the behavior of failure for embankment and spillway transitional zone due to overtopping. The failure pattern, pore water pressure, earth pressure and settlement by overtopping were compared and analyzed. The pattern of the failure by overtopping was gradually enlarged towards reservoirs crest from the spillway transition zone at initial stage. In the rapid stage and peak stage, the width and depth of failure gradually increased, and the pattern of the failure appeared irregular and several direction of the erosion. In the early stage, the pore water pressure at spillway transitional zone was more affected as its variation and failure width increased. In the peak stage, the pore water pressure was significantly increased in all locations due to the influence of seepage. The earth pressure increased gradually according to overtopping stage. The pore pressure by the numerical analysis was larger than the experimental value, and the analysis was more likely to increase steadily without any apparent variation. The horizontal and vertical displacements were the largest at the toe of slope and at the top of the dam crest, respectively. The results of this displacement distribution can be applied as a basis for determining the position of reinforcement at the downstream slope and the crest. The collapse in the overtopping stage began with erosion of the most vulnerable parts of the dam crest, and the embankment was completely collapsed as the overtopping stage increased.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.91-99
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• 2014

The common-rail injectors are the most critical component of the CRDI diesel engines that dominantly affect engine performances through high pressure injection with exact control. Thus, from now on the advanced combustion technologies for common-rail diesel injection engine require high performance fuel injectors. Accordingly, the previous studies on the numerical and experimental analysis of the diesel injector have focused on a optimum geometry to induce proper injection rate. In this study, computational predictions of performance of the diesel injector have been performed to evaluate internal flow characteristics for various needle lift and the spray pattern at the nozzle exit. To our knowledge, three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of the internal flow passage of an entire injector duct including injection and return routes has never been studied. In this study, major design parameters concerning internal routes in the injector are optimized by using a CFD analysis and Response Surface Method (RSM). The computational prediction of the internal flow characteristics of the common-rail diesel injector was carried out by using STAR-CCM+7.06 code. In this work, computations were carried out under the assumption that the internal flow passage is a steady-state condition at the maximum needle lift. The design parameters are optimized by using the L16 orthogonal array and polynomial regression, local-approximation characteristics of RSM. Meanwhile, the optimum values are confirmed to be valid in 95% confidence and 5% significance level through analysis of variance (ANOVA). In addition, optimal design and prototype design were confirmed by calculating the injection quantities, resulting in the improvement of the injection performance by more than 54%.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.243-252
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• 2016

In cases of water pollution accidents, accurate prediction for arrival time and concentration of contaminants in a river is essential to take proper measures and minimize their impact on downstream water intake facilities. It is critical to fully understand the behavior characteristics of contaminants on river surface, especially in case of oil spill accidents. Therefore, in this study, the effects of main parameters of advection and diffusion of contaminants were analyzed and validated by comparing the results of Lagrangian particle tracking (LPT) simulation of Environmental Fluid Dynamic Code (EFDC) model with those of Global Position System (GPS)-equipped drifter experiment. Prevention scenario modeling was accomplished by taking cases of movable weir operation into account. The simulated water level and flow velocity fluctuations agreed well with observations. There was no significant difference in the speed of surface particle movement between 5 and 10 layer modeling. Therefore, 5 layer modeling could be chosen to reduce computational time. It was found that full three dimensional modeling simulated wind effects on surface particle movements more sensitively than depth-averaged two dimensional modeling. The diffusion range of particles was linearly proportional to horizontal diffusivity by sensitivity analysis. Horizontal diffusivity estimated from the results of GPS-equipped drifter experiment was 0.096 m²/sec, which was considered to be valid for applying the LPT module in this area. Finally, the scenario analysis results showed that particle movements could be stagnant when discharge from the upstream weir was reduced, implying the possibility of securing time for mitigation actions such as oil boom installation and wiping oil contaminants. The outcomes of this study can help improve the prediction accuracy of particle tracking simulation to establish the most suitable mitigation plan considering the combination of movable weir operation.

• 한국해양학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.50-63
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• 1994

두 가지의 서로 다른 난류 변수화를 삼차원적이고 시간의존적인 연안해역의 모델 실험으로 수행하였다. 난류 변수화 중의 하나는 일정한 와동복합화 한 것, C1이고 다 른 하나는 층화 의존적인 와동혼합화, C2이다. C2를 이용한 유체흐름은 강한 경압적 흐름이며 담수와 염수의 수직적인 혼합을 제한하고 있다. 하구언으로부터 방출되는 유 출류는 C2의 경우가 C1의 경우보다 훨씬 더 관성적이며 강한 플륨(plume) 전선을 형성 한다. C에서는 강한 유출류로 인하여 초림계적인 유체흐름의 상태, 즉 표층류의 유출 소도가 경압적 위상속도를 능가하는 상황이 하구언의 외해쪽에 존재할 수 있다. 담수 영역에서 의 유체의 조율과정은 C1의 경우와 C2의 경우가 상당이 바른 바, C에서 의 유체의 흐름은 강한 경압적인 특성을 보여준다.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.88-96
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• 1999

The effects of root gap on welding residual stress and deformation are dealt with the multi-pass weldment with three kinds(0, 6, 30mm) of root gap by F.E.M common code, and then compared with experiment data. In this analysis, an 100% ramp heat input model was used to avoid numerical convergence problem due to an instantaneous increase in temperature near the fusion zone, and the effect of a moving arc in a two dimensional plane was also included. During the analysis, a small time increment was applied in a period with instantaneous temperature fluctuation while a large time increment was used in the rest period. The residual stress is distributed as symmetric types and maximum value is also equivalent when the weldment with 0mm and 6mm root gap is welded. In the case of 30mm root gap welding, the distribution of the residual stress extends over a wide range as asymmetric types due to the built-up weld, and most of the residual stress is biased in the side of a built-up weld part. In case of 0mm gap welding and 6mm gap welding, a little angular distortion occurs, but the level of deformation is small. When the weldment with 30mm root gap is welded, the angular deformation of the asymmetric types, however, occurs larger than the other specimens. The experimental and the analytic results show good coincidence and indicate that the welding residual stress and deformation distribution of 30 mm root gap specimen may be asymmetric and the amplitude is larger than those of root gap specimen under standard.