• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.425-431
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• 2005

The efficiency of complex slurry preparation route for developing the high performance SiC matrix of $RS-SiC_{f}/SiC$ composites has been investigated. The green bodies for RS-SiC materials prior to the infiltration of molten silicon were prepared with various C/SiC complex slurries, which associated with both the sizes of starting SiC particles and the blending conditions of starting SiC and C particles. The characterization of Rs-SiC materials was examined by means of SEM, EDS and three point bending test. Based on the mechanical property-microstructure correlation, the process optimization is also discussed. The flexural strength of Rs-SiC materials greatly depended on the content of residual Si. The decrease of starting SiC particle size in the C/SiC complex slurry was effective for improving the flexural strength of RS-SiC materials.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전력기술부문A
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• 제48권7호
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• pp.909-915
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• 1999

In this paper, we propose an efficient VLSI architecture of Reed-Solomon(RS) decoder. To improve the speed. we develope an architecture featuring parallel and pipelined processing. To implement the parallel and pipelined processing architecture, we analyze the RS decoding algorithm and the honor's algorithm for parallel processing and we also modified the Euclid's algorithm to apply the efficient parallel structure in RS decoder. To show the proposed architecture, the performance of the proposed RS decoder is compared to Shao's and we obtain the 10 % efficiency in area and three times faster in speed when it's compared to Shao's time domain decoder. In addition, we implemented the proposed RS decoder with Altera FPGA Flex10K-50.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.407-415
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• 2012

An endophytic bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis GS1, was isolated from bracken (Pteridium aquilinum) and found to have maximal production of chitinase (4.3 units/ml) at 5 days after culture. This study investigated the ability of B. thuringiensis GS1 to induce resistance to Rhizoctonia solani KACC 40111 (RS) in cucumber plants. Chitinase activity was greatest in RS-treated plants at 4 days. ${\beta}$-1,3-Glucanase activity was highest in GS1-treated plants at 5 days. Guaiacol peroxidase (GPOD) activity increased continuously in all treated plants for 5 days. Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity in RS-treated plants was increased 1.5-fold compared with the control at 4 days. Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity in RS-treated plants was increased 1.5-fold compared with the control at 3 days. At 5 days after treatment, activity staining revealed three bands with chitinase activity (Ch1, Ch2, and Ch3) on SDS-PAGE of cucumber plants treated with GS1+RS, whereas only one band was observed for RS-treated plants (Ch2). One GPOD isozyme (Gp1) was also observed in response to treatment with RS and GS1+RS at 4 days. One APX band (Ap2) was present on the native-PAGE gel of the control, and GS1- and GS1+RS-treated plants at 1 day. PPO bands (Po1 and Po2) from RS- and GS1+RS-treated plants were stronger than in the control and GS1-treated plants upon native-PAGE at 5 days. Taken together, these results indicate that the induction of PR proteins and defense-related enzymes by B. thuringiensis GS1 might have suppressed the damping-off caused by R. solani KACC 40111 in cucumber plants.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.62-68
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• 2016

Osteoporosis is a medical condition of global concern, with increasing incidence in both sexes. Bone mineral density (BMD), a highly heritable trait, has been proven a useful diagnostic factor in predicting fracture. Because medical information is lacking about male osteoporotic genetics, we conducted a genome-wide association study of BMD in Korean men. With 1,176 participants, we analyzed 4,414,664 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) after genomic imputation, and identified five SNPs and three loci correlated with bone density and strength. Multivariate linear regression models were applied to adjust for age and body mass index interference. Rs17124500 ($p=6.42{\times}10^{-7}$), rs34594869 ($p=6.53{\times}10^{-7}$) and rs17124504 ($p=6.53{\times}10^{-7}$) in 14q31.3 and rs140155614 ($p=8.64{\times}10^{-7}$) in 15q25.1 were significantly associated with lumbar spine BMD (LS-BMD), while rs111822233 ($p=6.35{\times}10^{-7}$) was linked with the femur total BMD (FT-BMD). Additionally, we analyzed the relationship between BMD and five genes previously identified in Korean men. Rs61382873 (p = 0.0009) in LRP5, rs9567003 (p = 0.0033) in TNFSF11 and rs9935828 (p = 0.0248) in FOXL1 were observed for LS-BMD. Furthermore, rs33997547 (p = 0.0057) in ZBTB and rs1664496 (p = 0.0012) in MEF2C were found to influence FT-BMD and rs61769193 (p = 0.0114) in ZBTB to influence femur neck BMD. We identified five SNPs and three genomic regions, associated with BMD. The significance of our results lies in the discovery of new loci, while also affirming a previously significant locus, as potential osteoporotic factors in the Korean male population.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.577-586
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• 2013

In vitro에서 흑마늘과 쑥 추출분말 및 이들의 비율별 혼합물 3종(MPA, 95:5; MPB, 90:10; MPC, 85:15, w/w%)의 생리활성을 비교하였다. 또한 7 brix 흑마늘 추출물(BE), 0.7 brix 쑥 추출물(ME), 이들을 부피비로 95:5(MA), 90:10(MB) 및 90.25:4.75 혼합물에 사과 추출물과 자일리톨을 각각 2%와 3%를 첨가한 음료(MC)를 흰쥐에게 4주간 급이한 후 24시간 구속스트레스를 부과하여 생체내 지질 성분 변화에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. In vitro에서 흑마늘 추출물과 쑥 추출물의 혼합물(MPA, MPB, MPC)은 쑥 추출물의 첨가량이 증가됨에 따라 DPPH 및 ABTS 라디칼 소거활성이 유의적으로 증가하였다. 흑마늘 추출물(RS1), 쑥 추출물(RS2), 혼합물 MA(RS3), MB(RS4) 및 MC(RS5)를 각각 1%씩 흰쥐의 식이에 첨가 급이한 결과 식이섭취량은 RS1군에서 가장 높았으며, 체중 증가량과 식이효율은 실험군 간에 유의차가 없었다. 혈청의 총 콜레스테롤의 함량은 구속 대조군(RSC군)에 비해 모든 실험군에서 유의적으로 낮은 함량이었으며, RS3~RS5군 간에는 유의차를 보이지 않았다. 혈중 중성지질의 함량은 RS3~RS5군이 RS1과 RS2군보다 유의적으로 높은 수준이었다. HDL-C 및 LDL-C 함량, 동맥경 화지수(AI), 심혈관질환 위험지수(CRF)는 RS3~RS5군 간에 유의차가 없었다. AST 및 ALP 활성은 RSC군에 비해 실험군들에서 유의적으로 낮았다. 간 조직의 총 지질과 총 콜레스테롤 함량은 RSC군에 비해 모든 실험군에서 유의적으로 낮았고, 중성지방 함량은 RS1군만이 유의적으로 낮은 함량이었다. 간 글리코겐 함량은 RSC군에 비해 RS2와 RS3군이 유의적으로 높았고, 그 외 실험군에서는 유의차가 적었다. 지질과산화물 함량은 RSC군에 비해 실험군에서 유의적으로 낮았으며, RS3과 RS5군이 유사한 수준이었다. 본 연구결과에서 흑마늘 추출물, 쑥 추출물, 혼합물 및 개발 음료의 급이는 스트레스 부과로 증가될 수 있는 체내 지질 수준의 감소에 효과적이었다. 또한 각 물질의 단독 급이보다 혼합물의 급이시 더 효과적인 것으로 나타나 혼합물을 이용한 개발음료는 현대인의 복잡하고 다양한 스트레스 발생 시 생체대사 조절에 도움이 될 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.244-253
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• 2012

Bone mineral density (BMD) is used in the clinical diagnosis of osteoporosis and the assessment of fracture risk. Osteoporosis, characterized mainly by decreased BMD, is a highly heritable complex disorder and a major public health concern to hundreds of millions of elderly persons worldwide. However, the specific genetic variants determining risk for low bone density are still largely unknown. Here, we performed association analysis to elucidate the possible relations of genetic polymorphisms in ESR1 gene with low bone density. By examining genotype data of a total of 1813 women in the Korean Association REsource (KARE) study, we discovered the ESR1 gene polymorphisms are associated with decreased BMD and osteoporosis. The results on the BD-RT (bone density estimated by T-score at distal radius), three SNPs (rs2248586, rs9371557, and rs1569788) within the ESR1 gene were significantly associated with bone density. The results on the BD-TT (bone density estimated by T-score at midshaft tibia), five SNPs (rs9371552, rs2248586, rs712221, rs7772475, and rs3798577) were significantly associated with bone density. The SNP rs2248586 within the ESR1 gene had commonly significance in both BD-RT (${\beta}$=-0.151, dominant P=0.049) and BD-TT (${\beta}$=-0.156, dominant P=0.039). In the SNP rs2248586, their ${\beta}$-values in BD-RT and/or BD-TT showed consistent trends with the odds ratios (ORs) of osteoporosis. In summary, we found statistically significant SNPs in ESR1 gene that are associated with both decreased BMD and osteoporosis traits. Therefore, our findings suggest ESR1 gene could be related to pathogenesis of osteoporosis.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.3065-3069
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• 2016

Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) detection has been used extensively for genetic association studies of diseases including cancer. For mass, yet accurate and more economic SNP detection we have optimized tetra primer amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction (ARMS PCR) to detect three SNPs in the cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) gene locus; i.e. rs3813865, rs2070672 and rs3813867. The optimization system strategies used were (1) designing inner and outer primers; (2) determining of their optimum primer concentration ratios; and (3) determining of the optimum PCR annealing temperature. The tetra primer ARMS PCR result could be directly observed using agarose gel electrophoresis. The method succesfully determined three SNPs in CYP2E1 locus, the results being consistent with validation using DNA sequencing and restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP).

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.6733-6738
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• 2013

Multiple genetic studies have confirmed association of 8q24 variants with susceptibility to prostate cancer (PCa). As PCa risk SNPs may also influence disease outcome, we studied here eight 8q24 risk alleles, and evaluated their role in PCa clinical covariates in northern Chinese men. Blood samples and clinical information were collected from ethnically Chinese men from Northern China with histologically-confirmed PCa (n=289) and from age-matched normal controls (n=288). Eight 8q24 SNPs were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-high- resolution melting analysis in 577 subjects. We examined the prevalence distribution of 8q24 risk alleles and analyzed the associations between the risk allele and PCa and clinical covariates to infer their impact on aggressive PCa. Three of the eight SNPs were associated with PCa risk in northern Chinese men, including rs16901966 (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.01-1.70, p=0.042), rs1447295 (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.09-1.98, p=0.011) and rs10090154 (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.14-2.12, p=0.005). Haplotype analysis based association with the risk alleles revealed significant differences between cases and controls (OR 1.43, 95%CI 0.99-2.06, p=0.049). The risk alleles rs16901966, rs1447295 and rs10090154 were associated with age at diagnosis and tumor stage as compared with controls, while rs16901966 was associated with aggressive PCa (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.01-2.03, p=0.042). The evidence for 8q24 SNPs with PCa risk in northern Chinese men showed rs16901966, rs1447295 and rs10090154 at 8q24 (region 1, region 2) to be strongly associated with PCa and clinical covariates. The three SNPs at 8q24 could be PCa susceptible genetic markers in northern Chinese men.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.65-68
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• 2017

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic autoinflammatory disease that affects the spine and sacroiliac joints. Regarding its etiology, although HLA-B27 is known to be the strongest genetic factor of AS, much evidence suggests the potential contribution of non-MHC genes to the susceptibility to AS. Most of these non-MHC genes have been discovered in non-Asian populations; however, just some of them have been validated in Koreans. In this study, we aimed to identify additional AS-associated single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) candidates by replicating the candidate SNPs in Korean AS patients and healthy controls. For this, we selected three SNPs (rs11249215 in RUNX3, rs6556416 in IL12B, and rs8070463 in TBKBP1), which were previously reported as risk factors of AS but have not been studied in Koreans, and performed genotyping assays using a total of 1138 Korean samples (572 AS patients and 566 healthy controls). Of the three SNP candidates, one SNP in RUNX3 (rs11249215) was significantly associated with the risk of AS (odds ratio, 1.31; 95% confidence interval, 1.02 to 1.68, p = 0.03). These results will be helpful in elucidating the pathogenesis of AS and may be useful for developing AS risk prediction models in Koreans.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.205-209
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• 2008

Recently, Sun et al (2008) reported that the IL6R polymorphism is associated with schizophrenia. Therefore, to detect the association between polymorphisms of interleukin 31 receptor A (IL31RA) and schizophrenia, we genotyped 9 SNPs [rs9292101 (intron 1), rs1009639 (exon 2, Pr043Pro), rs2161582 (intron 2), rs68761890 (intron 5), rs16884629 (intron 6), rs11956465 (intron 12), rs12153724 (intron 12), and rs16884641 (intron 14)] using the Golden Gate assay on Illumina BeadStation 500 GX. Two hundred eighteen patients with schizophrenia and 379 normal subjects were recruited. Patients with schizophrenia were diagnosed according to DSM-IV, and control subjects without history of psychiatric disorders were selected. We used SNPStats, Haploview, HapAnalyzer, SNPAnalyzer, and Helixtree programs for the evaluation of genetic data. Of nine polymorphisms, three SNPs (rs9292101, rs1009639, and rs11956465) were associated with schizophrenia. The rs9292101 and rs11956465 showed significant associations with the risk of schizophrenia in the codominant [rs9292101, odds ratio (OR)=0.74, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.58${\sim}$0.95, p=0.017] and recessive (rs11956465, OR=0.64, 95% CI=0.42${\sim}$0.96, p=0.034) models, respectively. The rs1009639 also was statistically related to schizophrenia in both codominant (OR=0.76, 95% CI=0.60${\sim}$0.97, p=0.025) and dominant (OR=0.66, 95% CI=0.44${\sim}$0.98, p=0.035) models. Two linkage disequilibrium (LD) blocks were made. In the analysis of haplotypes, a haplotype (GCT) in block 1 and a haplotype (CCACAG) in block 2 showed significant associations between schizophrenia and control groups (haplotype GCT, frequency=0.509, chi square=4.199, p=0.040; haplotype CCACAG, frequency=0.289, chi square=5.691, p=0.017). The results suggest that IL31RA may be associated with risk of schizophrenia in Korean population.