• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.361-368
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• 2009

This study was carried out to establish the standard karyotype of Jeju horse by G-, C- and AgNOR-banding patterns. Blood samples were collected from 37 Jeju horses and 24 Thoroughbred that had been raised at the National Institute of Subtropical Agriculture in Jeju. The lymphocytes were cultured in vitro and then chromosomes prepared. The diploid chromosome number of Jeju horse is 64, which consists of 31 pairs of autosomes and X, Y sex chromosomes. The Jeju horse has 13 pairs of metacentric/submetacentric and 18 pairs of acrocentric autosomes. The X chromosome is the fifth largest submetacentric, while the Y chromosome is one of the smallest acrocentric chromosomes. The G-banding pattern of Jeju horse chromosomes showed a light band at centromeres in all autosomes, and also exhibited a typical and identical banding pattern in each homologous chromosome. Overall chromosomal morphology and positions of typical landmarks of the Jeju horse were virtually identical to those of International Committee for the Standardization of the Domestic Horse Karyotype. C-bands of Jeju horse chromosomes appeared on centromeres of almost all autosomes, but chromosome 8 showed a heterochromatin heteromorphism. The NORs in Jeju horse chromosomes showed polymorphic patterns within breed, individuals and cells. By the AgNOR staining, the NORs were located at the terminal of p-arm on chromosome 1 and near centromeres on the chromosome 26 and 31. The mean number of NORs per metaphase was 4.68 in Jeju horse.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.644-651
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• 2015

To enhance the consumption of horse meat, its nutritional composition was analyzed and compared to that of white meat (i.e., chicken and duck), which consumers consider healthy. Horse meat samples used in the experiment were classified by breed and grade as follows: Jeju horse (grade $1^+$ and 1), Jeju crossbred horse (grade 1 and 2), Thoroughbred (no grade), and cuts (loin, chuck roll, and arm picnic). In an analysis of general components and cholesterol, the horse meat was confirmed as a low-fat, high-protein, and low-cholesterol food material. In an amino acid analysis, horse meat contained a higher proportion of essential amino acids than white meat. The fatty acid compositions were also analyzed. The content of linolenic acid, an essential fatty acid, was significantly higher in all horse meat groups than in Ross chicken and Pekin duck meat. The content of palmitoleic acid showed similar results. In a mineral analysis, the levels of Fe and Zn in horse meat were higher than those of white meat. The mineral content was as follows except for the leg of shite meat: K > P > Na > Mg > Ca > Zn > Fe.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.139-146
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to construct fundamental information for the usefulness and effects of thermography in Thoroughbred horses. total 10 horses were examined to determine a normal thermal pattern before and after sedation in lower limbs and ophthalmic area, and to investigate the effects of thermography during 42 days after induced wound and arthritis. In normal horses, the range of temperature difference(${\Delta}T$) of symmetry site in lower limbs was 0.20 to $0.68^{\circ}C$ on pre-sedation, which was simillar to that of post sedation, 0.17 to $0.74^{\circ}C$, and eyeball area was 0.34 to $0.68^{\circ}C$. Thermographically, the warmest area in normal limbs were coronary band of frontal view and the region between heel bulbs of back view. And temperature difference(${\Delta}T$) after clipping in left forelimb was increased 1 to $3^{\circ}C$ more than before clipping. However, there was no significant change of the temperature difference and degree of clinical signs by the process of inflammation healing during the experiment period in the all groups. These results suggest that the thermography was especially helpful in following clinical course of a disease because the thermal pattern will return to normal with declining clinical signs and healing of the lesion.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.399-402
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• 2013

An 8-year-old, female, mixed Thoroughbred horse was presented for the evaluation of the left upper eyelid mass with ocular discharge during 4 months. After unilateral surgery, excised eyelid mass and left eye were submitted for diagnosis. Grossly, the removed mass was $6{\times}7{\times}2$ cm in size and dome shape with rough irregular surface. On the cut surface, mass was firm and yellowish white in color. Histopathologically, severely proliferated stratified squamous epithelia were heavily invaginated into dermis, and then formed rete ridge or numerous squamous islands. These neoplastic islands were composed of multiple layers of prickle cells with intercellular bridge and central laminated keratin pearls or necrotic cellular debris. Based on the above results, this case was diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma in upper eyelid of horse.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.79-85
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• 2020

The current study is the first paper on FPT(failure of passive transfer) of horse population in Korea. The object of this study was to comparison of immune status normal and patient horses. Failure of passive transfer is the most common immunodeficiency disorder of horses. Twenty-two foals and 18 horses from Jeju of the equine hospital were diagnosed with the SNAP Foal IgG Test Kit. All adult horses had normal immune functions (≥800 mg/dl). Thirteen of the 22 newborn babies (59%; ∠800 mg/dl) had a weak immune function but recovered and survived after treatment. Nine of these 22 are horses with strong immunity (≥800 mg/dl), indicating that high IgG concentrations in the blood can cause infectious diseases. There were a total of six dead, four of which were infectious diseases. In addition, early identification of infectious diseases in newborn foals is expected to help prepare systematic health management measures for the development of the disease.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.64 no.4
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• pp.792-799
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• 2022

Dopamine (DA) is known to be a key modulator of animal behaviors. Thus, the plasma concentration of DA might be used as a biomarker for the behavioral characteristics of horses. The behavioral characteristics of horses vary depending on the breed, age, and sex. Moreover, the DA receptor genotypes are also related to horse behaviors. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the DA concentration variations of horse plasma by breed, age, sex, or genotype of its receptor. The horses were divided by breed into Thoroughbred (n = 13), Pony (n = 9), Warmblood (n = 4), and Haflinger (n = 5). The age variable was divided into three different groups: post-pubertal (2-5 years, n = 6), adult (6-13 years, n = 19), and aged horses (15-24 years, n = 6). The sex variable was divided into geldings (n = 8) and mares (n = 23). Approximately 10 mL of blood was collected, and an ELISA kit was used to measure the plasma concentration of DA. Polymerase chain reaction analysis was performed to identify the genetic variation in the DA D4 receptor gene (DRD4). SPSS statistical software was used for statistical analysis. The DA concentrations in geldings were significantly lower than those in mares. There was no significant difference in DA concentrations among breed and age groups. Horses with the GG and GA genotypes had significantly higher plasma concentrations of DA compared to horses with the AA genotype for the G292A gene. Briefly, the plasma concentration of DA varied depending on the sex and genotype of G292A. These factors should be considered when the concentration of DA is used as a biomarker for the behavioral characteristics of horses. In conclusion, the DA concentration or DRD4 genotype of horse plasma has the potential to be used as a biomarker that can predict the behavioral characteristics of horses.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.129-134
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• 2009

The aim of this study was to estimate genetic parameters and annual trends on the racing performance of Thoroughbred horses by a statistical analysis of the resulting records. We used the racing results of 245,979 observations for 13,458 horses recorded in 19 years of race held at Seoul and Busan racing tracks, provided by Korea Racing Authority. After a careful adjustment of some variables such as racing times, jockey and trainer numbers and the average prize a horse won, we selected significant factors that explain the result of racing records of a horse by stepwise AIC and BIC methods. The estimated heritability and repeatability were 0.322 and 0.332, respectively. The average of annual phenotypic and genetic improvement was -0.166 seconds and -0.161 seconds, respectively. Based on the statistical approach, we established reasonable animal model of well-set variables, which is important in the study on estimating performance of racing horses.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.190-194
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• 2018

Recently, the horse racing industry in Korea has developed rapidly with good betting turnover. One of the most important factors in enhancing the performance of racehorses is the study of equine exercise physiology. This study was performed to analyze the results of pre-race blood test on race day and evaluate its correlation with the race performance in Thoroughbred racehorses. Twenty-one, healthy 3- to 6-year-old Thoroughbred horses were used to collect blood samples and hematological and biochemical measurements were performed. Results were analyzed to identify its correlation with racing performance. Analysis of hematological profile of pre-race blood of the racehorses revealed that red blood cell indices including RBC, Hb, and PCV levels were elevated. Additionally, levels of AP, AST, and GGT were also elevated in pre-race blood of horses on race day. RBC, Hb, and PCV levels of high performance racehorses were significantly lower than those of low class racehorses. Moreover, the analysis of correlation between blood test results and racing ability-related categories have shown negative correlations for rating, placing strike rate, prize money per race, RBC, Hb, and PCV and positive correlations for G3F and PCV. Additionally, AST value was positively correlated to prize money per race. Thus, the results of this study show that red blood cell indices and AST are good parameters for evaluating racing performance of horses before the race.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.1110-1118
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• 2018

Objective: This study was intended to identify genes positively selected in Thoroughbred horses (THBs) that potentially contribute to their running performances. Methods: The genomes of THB and Jeju horses (JH, Korean native horse) were compared to identify genes positively selected in THB. We performed cross-population extended haplotype homozygosity (XP-EHH) and cross-population composite likelihood ratio test (XP-CLR) statistical methods for our analysis using whole genome resequencing data of 14 THB and 6 JH. Results: We identified 98 (XP-EHH) and 200 (XP-CLR) genes that are under positive selection in THB. Gene enrichment analysis identified 72 gene ontology biological process (GO BP) terms. The genes and GO BP terms explained some of THB's characteristics such as immunity, energy metabolism and eye size and function related to running performances. GO BP terms that play key roles in several cell signaling mechanisms, which affected ocular size and visual functions were identified. GO BP term Eye photoreceptor cell differentiation is among the terms annotated presumed to affect eye size. Conclusion: Our analysis revealed some positively selected candidate genes in THB related to their racing performances. The genes detected are related to the immunity, ocular size and function, and energy metabolism.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.597-602
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• 2007

Furosemide is a potent diuretic used in the horse for the prophylaxis of exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage(EIPH), and in a variety of clinical condition. The purpose of this study was to set up the effect of furosemide in Thoroughbred horses, and to examine the time of maximal effect of furosemide to prevent the EIPH. The animals of the experiment were 4 Thoroughbred racing horses(female, average 6 yrs, BW $507{\pm}80.2kg$) in Jeju stud farm and the experiment was cross-over design between furosemide(1 mg/kg IV) and normal saline(0.1 ml/kg, IV) administration. We investigated the changes of clinical signs(body weight, skin turgor, capillary refilling time, jugular distensibility), CBC(PCV RBC), serum chemistry(TP, AST, GGT, glucose, LDH, BUN and creatinine) and electrolytes ($Na^+,\;K^+,\;Cl^-,\;Ca^{2+}$) on 0, 30 mins, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 24 hrs in furosemide and saline administration roup, respectively. The weight decreased significantly(P<0.05) in 4 hrs after furosemide treatment, but skin turgor, CRT, jugular distensibility remained unchanged throughout the experimental period. RBC and PCV decreased after furosemide administration but soon recovered. TP increased to the highest level in 30 mins after furosemide administration and recovered in 8 hrs. Furosemide administration resulted in increases in glucose, AST, GGT, LDH, BUN, creatinine(P<0.05) and decreases in $Ca^{2+},\;Na^+,\;K^+,\;Cl^-$ (P<0.05). All of values were within normal range throughout the experimental period. There was the alteration of blood and serum chemistry after furosemide administration, all of values were within normal range. And the best time of furosemide administration will be 30 minutes before the racing in order to preventing EIPH.