• 대한한의학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.36-42
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• 2015

Objectives: This study was carried out to analyze the single dose toxicity of Mecasin(Gami-Jakyak Gamcho buja Decoction) pharmacopuncture in muscle of Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods: All experiments were performed at the Medvill, an institution acknowledged to conduct non-clinical studies, under the Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) regulations. Sprague-Dawley rats were chosen in this pilot study. The reason Sprague-Dawley rats were chosen is that they have been widely used in safety test in the field of medicine, so the results can be easily compared with many other databases. Doses of Mecasin pharmacopuncture, 0, 500, 1,000, and 2,000mg/kg, were registered to the experimental groups, and a dose of normal saline solution, 10 ml/kg, was registered to the control group. Mecasin pharmacopuncture and normal saline were injected into the thigh of the rats by disposable syringes at intervals of six hours twice a day. This study was performed under the approval of the Institutional Animal Ethic Committee. Results: There is no death or abnormality in any of the four groups. No significant changes in weight, hematological parameters or clinical chemistry between the control group and the experimental groups were observed. To inspect abnormalities in organs and tissues, we used microscopy to examine representative histological sections of each specified organ; the results showed no significant differences in any of the organs or tissues. Conclusion: The above outcomes suggest that treatment with Mecasin pharmacopuncture is relatively safe. Further evaluations and studies on this subject are needed to prove more concrete evidence.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.147-154
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• 2007

This study's purpose is to investigate the effects on leg muscle activity caused by perturbation, using a trapdoor system during the support phase of gait for healthy adults (n = 6, height $177.5{\pm}5.5cm$, weight $81.0{\pm}9.5kg$, age $30.0{\pm}3.3yrs$). The trapdoor had the functional ability of causing inversion or eversion. The release time for the trapdoor was specified for two times, 0.3 and 0.5 seconds after heel contact. While altering these variables, EMG was recorded for the leg muscles (rectus femoris, biceps femoris, vastus lateralis, tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius, soleus). The following conclusions were derived. The steptime was longer for the 0.5s eversion than 0.3s inversion condition. So in order to regain stability after the perturbation the unsupporting leg reached forward rapidly. This quick reflex can be observed through the center of pressure (COP) and its rapid change in direction. The gastrocnemius was activated throughout the total experiment. There was a low amount of activity recorded in the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis and tibialis anterior except for the condition of inversion 0.3s. For most of the conditions, the highest average EMG peak values were recorded during the condition of inversion 0.3s. The iEMG patterns were similar for the conditions of inversion 0.3s and eversion 0.3s. To cope with the rapid change in these conditions, the biceps femoris was activated. During the experiment except for the condition of normal gait, the activity of the soleus and gastrocnemius was relatively high. Therefore, to prevent injury from perturbation of the lower leg strengthening of the soleus and gastrocnemius is required. Likewise to prevent injury to the thigh strengthening for the biceps femoris.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.591-596
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• 2009

Purpose: To reconstruct soft tissue defect on lower extremity especially combined with osteomyelitis, free flap with enough blood supplies is required. There are some instance when patients have inadequate recipient vessels for microanastomosis. Anastomosis with harvested vein graft can solve the problem. It may be more problematic or even increase recipient site complication. Cross leg free flaps using contra - lateral vessel can be a solution. Methods: From 2005 to 2008, 12 cases of cross leg free flap were done for 12 patients(male = 9, female = 3). External fixators used in all cases. Free flaps used were laissmus dorsi muscle flap(n=5), anterolateral thigh flap(n=4), gracilis muscle flap(n=2) and medial plantar artery fasciotaneous flap(n=1). In all cases, contralateral posterior tibial artery and vein were used as recipient pedicle. Results: All flaps survived without additional operative procedures. There were no complications such as hematoma or Infection. Sometimes patients needs further therapeutic exercise for fast movement recovery. Conclusion: Although cross leg free flaps require long period of bed resting and rehabilitation after pedicle cutting, It can be practical alternative for soft tissue defect on lower distal extremity with inadequate recipient vessels for free flap on affected leg.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.698-710
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• 2022

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different degrees of maternal dietary energy restriction on lipid deposition in embryonic tissues during the medium laying period (37 to 39 weeks) in Arbor Acres (AA) broiler breeders. Methods: A single factor design was adopted, and 400 AA broiler breeders (20 weeks of age) with a similar weight were randomly allocated into four groups. The birds in the control group were fed a corn-soybean meal based diet, and those in trial groups were fed diets with 80%, 70%, and 50% energy levels of the basal diet. Incubated eggs from the medium laying period were collected. Samples of developing embryos at various stages were prepared for composition analysis. Results: The embryo weight in the 80% energy group was higher than those of the other groups on embryonic day (E) 13, but at 21 E, they were significantly decreased with decreasing energy intake of the broiler breeders (p<0.05). Additionally, the levels of crude fat in tissues in the restriction groups were significantly decreased (p<0.05). The long axis and area of adipocytes in breast muscle, thigh muscle and the liver were significantly decreased (p<0.05) at 21 E in the 80%, 70%, and 50% energy groups. Conclusion: The effects of the 80% maternal dietary energy restriction energy affects egg production performance, egg quality, and nutrient deposition in egg weights, which then directly impacts on the developmental process of embryos, especially on fat utilization and deposition.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.731-739
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• 2023

Objective: This study was to evaluate the interaction of three different light-emitting diode (LED) light colors (white, green, and blue) and three intensities (5, 10, and 15 lx) on slaughter performance, meat quality and serum antioxidant capacity of broilers raised in three-layer cages. Methods: A total of 648 (8-days-old) male broiler chicks (Cobb-500) were randomly assigned in 3×3 factorially arranged treatments: three light colors (specifically, white, blue, and green) and three light intensities (namely, 5, 10, and 15 lx) for 35 days. Each treatment consisted of 6 replicates of 12 chicks. The test lasted for 35 days. Results: The semi-eviscerated weight percentage (SEWP) in 5 lx white was higher than that in 15 lx (p<0.01). The eviscerated weight percentage (EWP) (p<0.05) and water-loss percentage (WLP) (p<0.01) decreased in 10 lx white light than those in green light. Under blue light, the content of hypoxanthine (Hx) in muscle was lower than that under white and green light (p<0.01). The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in 15 lx blue light was higher than that in 10 lx green light (p<0.05). Light color had an extremely significant effect on thigh muscle percentage, WLP, Hx, and crude protein content (p<0.01). Light intensity had a significant effect on SEWP (p<0.05), EWP (p<0.05), lightness (L^*) value (p<0.05), WLP (p<0.01), and the contents of superoxide dismutase (p<0.05), MDA (p<0.01), glutathione peroxidase (p<0.01). Conclusion: Using white LED light with 10 lx light intensity can significantly improve the chicken quality of caged Cobb broilers, improve the content of inosine acid in chicken breast and enhance the antioxidant capacity of the body. We suggest that the broiler farm can use 10 lx white LED light source for lighting in 8 to 42 days.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권11호
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• pp.1773-1780
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• 2018

Objective: This study was to evaluate effects of mixed plant oils (identified as mixed oil 1 [MO1] and mixed oil 2 [MO2]) on performance, serum composition, viscera percentages, meat quality, and fatty acid deposition of broilers. Methods: A total of 126 one-day-old Arbor Acres male broiler chicks (weighing $44.91{\pm}0.92g$) were randomly allocated to 1 of 3 treatments with 7 replicate pens per treatment (6 broilers per pen). Dietary treatments included a corn-soybean basal diet supplemented with 3% soybean oil (CTR), basal diet with 3% MO1 (a mixture of 15% corn oil, 10% coconut oil, 15% linseed oil, 20% palm oil, 15% peanut oil and 25% soybean oil; MO1), or basal diet with 3% MO2 (a combination of 50% MO1 and 50% extruded corn; MO2). The trial consisted of phase 1 (d 1 to 21) and phase 2 (d 22 to 42). Results: Compared to CTR, broilers fed MO (MO1 or MO2) had greater (p<0.05) average daily gain in phase 1, 2, and overall (d 1 to 42), redness in thigh muscle, concentrations of serum glucose, serum albumin, saturated fatty acids (SFA) and n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) ratio in breast muscle, while these broilers also showed lower ($p{\leq}0.05$) drip loss and concentrations of C18:3n-3 and PUFA/SFA ratio in breast muscle. Broilers fed MO2 had higher (p<0.05) liver percentage, while broilers fed MO1 had lower ($p{\leq}0.05$) feed conversion ratio in phase 1 and increased (p<0.05) contents of C18:2n-6, C20:5n-3, C22:6n-3, and n-3 PUFA in breast muscle compared to CTR. Conclusion: Mixed plant oils had positive effects on performance, serum parameters, meat quality, liver percentage and fatty acid deposition in broilers, which indicates they can be used as better dietary energy feedstocks than soybean oil alone.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.176-183
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• 1999

전북대학교병원 정형외과에서 1993년 12월부터 1998년 9월까지 하지의 만성 골수염 7례에 대하여 유리 근 피판 이식술을 시행하고 최소 1년 2개월부터 최장 5년 3개월까지 추시하여 다음과 같은 임상적 결과를 얻었다. 1. 만성 골수염의 발생 부위는 경골이 4례, 종골 2례 그리고 대퇴골이 1례였다. 2. 만성 골수염의 지속 기간은 평균 31.6년이었다. 3. 전체 7례 중 1례에서 편평 상피암이 발병되었다. 4. 만성 골수염은 4례에서 혈행성 감염으로 초래되었고, 3례는 외상력이 있었는데 2례는 교통사고 그리고 1례는 경미한 외상이었다. 5. 치료는 부골 제거술과 유리 근 이식술을 시행하였던 예가 2례, 부골 제거술없이 유리 근 이식술을 시행한 예가 5례였다. 6. 전체 7례 중 6례에서 유리 근 이식술을 시행하였고 1례에서 유리 근피판 이식술을 시행하였는데 복직 근이 4례였고, 광배 피판, 광배 근피판 그리고 박근이 각각 1례씩이었으며 7례 중 6례(85.7%)에서 생존하였다. 7. 대퇴부에 시행하였던 광배 근피판 1례는 정맥이식술을 통한 단측 문합술을 시행하였으나 술 후 2일째부터 허혈성 변화를 일으켜 실패하였으며, 외상으로 인한 종골 1례에서는 복직근 이식술이 성공하였으나, 술 후 심한 외상성 족관절염으로 인한 극심한 통증으로 슬관절 하부 절단술이 시행되었다.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.89-95
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• 1998

목적 : 인($^{31}P$) 자기공명분광법을 사용하여 사립체 근병(mitochondria myopathy) 환자의 대퇴부 근조직의 대사물질의 변화를 정상인과 비교조사하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 사립체 근병환자 10명과 정상인 10명을 대상으로 1.5T MRI/MRS 장비를 사용하여 인($^{31}P$) 자기공명분광법을 적용하였다. 오른쪽 대퇴부위의 근조직에 $4{\;}{\times}{\;}4{\;}{\times}4{\;}cm^{3}$ 의 관심부위 (volume of interest ; VOI)를 선정하여 image selected in vivo spectroscopy (ISIS)를 저용하였다. 인대사불질의 정\ulcorner분석은 Marquart algorithm을 사용하였다. 결과 : 사립체 근병환자의 특징은 정상인과 비교하여 Pe/PCr 대사비율이 상당히 증가하고 (P=0.003), ATP/PCr 대사비율은 상당히 감소하였다(p=0.004). 특히 ATP 중 ${\beta}-ATP/PCr$ 비율의 변화가 가장 심하게 나타났다. 환자군과 정상군의 pH 차이는 통계학적으로 큰 의의는 없었다. 결론 : 인($^{31}P$) 자기 공명분광법은 사립체 근병환자의 대퇴부 근조직의 ATP/PCr 과 Pi/PCr 대사비율을 토대로 유용한 임상 평가 자료를 제공하고, 따라서 근대사물질의 질병을 이해하는데 도움을 줄 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.308-313
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• 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different kettlebell mass (30%, 40%, and 50% of the body mass) on kinematics and kinetic variables of kettlebell swing. Method: Total of 16 healthy male who had at least 1 year of kettlebell training experience were participated in this study (age: 31.69 ± 3.46 yrd., height: 173.38 ± 4.84 cm, body mass: 74.53 ± 6.45 kg). In this study, a 13-segments whole-body model (upper trunk, lower trunk, pelvis, both side of forearm, upperarm, thigh, and shank) was used and 26 reflective markers were attached to the body to identify the segments during the movement. A 3-dimensional motion analysis with 8 infrared cameras and 4 channeled EMG was performed to find the effect of kettlebell mass on its swing. To verify the kettlebell mass effect, a one-way ANOVA with a repeated measure was used and the statistical significance level was set at 𝛼=.05. Results: Firstly, in all lower extremity joints and thoracic vertebrae, a statistically significant change in angle was shown according to an increase in kettlebell mass during kettlebell swing (p<.05). Secondly, in both the up-swing and down-swing phases, the knee joint and ankle joint ROM showed a statistically significant increase as the kettlebell mass increased (p<.05) but no statistically significant difference was found in the hip joint and thoracic spine (p>.05). Lastly, the hamstrings muscle activity was statistically significantly increased as the kettlebell mass increased during up-swing phases (p<.05). Also, as the kettlebell mass increased in P4 of the down swing phase, the gluteus maximus showed a statistically significantly increased muscle activation, whereas the rectus femoris showed a statistically significantly decreased muscle activation (p <.05). Conclusion: As a result of this study, hip extension decreased and knee extension increased at 40% and 50% of body mass, and the spine also failed to maintain neutrality and increased flexion. Also, when kettlebell swings are performed with 50% of body mass, synergistic muscle dominance appears over 30% and 40% of body mass, which is judged to have a risk of potential injury. Therefore, it is thought that for beginners who start kettlebell exercise, swing practice should be performed with 30% of body mass. In addition, even in the case of experienced seniors, as the weight increases, the potential injury risk may increase, so it is thought that caution should be exercised when performing swings with 40% and 50% of body mass. In conclusion, it is thought that increasing the weight after sufficiently training with 30% of the weight of all subjects performing kettlebell swing is a way to maximize the exercise effect as well as prevent injury.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.103-107
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• 2002

야생 조류인 바위자고새의 육질을 구명하기 위하여 60일된 바위자고새와 시판 육계(800g $\pm$ 20g)와 비교하여 실험을 실시하였다. 바위자고새육은 육계에 비해 지방함량과 콜레스테를 함량이 낮았다. 또한 비교적 L*간이 낮고 a*값이 높아 육색이 어두운 편이다. 관능검사에 의하면 가열에 의한 육향기가 육계에 비해 월등히 좋았다. 따라서 바위자고새는 소비자의 기호성이 높으면서도 건강에 도움이 되는 육류자원이다. 다만 다리육이 너무 질기고 색깔이 짙어 이에 맞는 조리방법이 요구된다.