• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.205-216
• /
• 1994

The purpose of this study is to evaluate of apical plug materials for the contral of extrusion and sealing ability of high-temperature thermoplasticized gutta-percha in plastic root canal blocks. Seventy seven plastic blocks with canal preformed were instrumented with # 50K file 1 mm beyond apical foramen. Blocks were randomly divided into 5 groups of 15 blocks each. Group 1 was filled by high-temperature thermoplasticized gutta-percha only. The another 4 groups were placed with apical plug materials each other and then remaining space was back filled with high temperature thermoplasticized gutta-percha Apical plug materials were used as follows; Group 2: Thermoplasticized gutta-percha (Thermoplasticized gutta-percha group) Group 3 :. Calcium hydroxide powder (Calcium hydroxide group) Group 4 : Silver point (Silver point group) Group 5 : Gutta-percha cone softened by chloroform (Gutta-percha cone group) All the blocks were stored in 100 % relative humidor at room temperature for 14 days. Filling material extruded was removed carefully and then weighed in analytic balance. Each block was placed in centrifuge tube filled with India ink, and then centrifuged for 20 minutes at 3,000 rpm. Apical leakage was measured from the apical foramen to the most coronal level of dye leakage in millimeter by two examiners under a stereoscope. The data were analysed statistically by Student's t-test The obtained results were as follows; 1. The amounts of material extruded through the foramen decreased in all of groups used apical plug materials (P<0.01). 2. Silver point group and gutta-percha cone group were similar linear leakage to high-temperature thermoplasticised gutta-percha technique only (P>0..5). 3. Calcium hydroxide group and thermoplasticized gutta-percha group showed more liner leakage than high-temperature thermoplasticized gutta-percha only (P<0.01, P<0.05). 4. High-temperature thermoplasticized gutta-percha technique with silver point and gutta-percha cone as apical plugs showed less linear leakage and less extrusion of filling material.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• 제25권3호
• /
• pp.435-445
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this study was to compare the leakage of four different obturation techniques in conjunction with immediate apical barrier of ${\beta}$-tricalcium phosphate(TCP) in teeth with open apex. Eighty single-rooted human premolar teeth were prepared and sectioned horizontally, so maximum diameter in apex was 4mm. Apical defects that were similar to open apex, were created with #1/2 round bur and SF104R bur. The apical foramen were opened to a size 80 file extended 3mm beyond the apex. The teeth were placed into the oasis block soaked saline to simulate periapical tissue often associated with pulpless teeth and received apical barriers consisting of TCP followed by obturation using lateral condensation technique, vertical condensation technique, continuous wave technique and thermoplasticized gutta-percha injection technique. Two unobturated teeth served as positive and negative controls. Teeth were immersed in resorcinol-formaldehyde resin for S days at $4^{\circ}C$, and the resin was allowed to polymerize completely for 4 days at room temperature. Teeth were then sectioned horizontally at 1.5mm(level 1), 2.5mm(level 2) and 3.5mm(level 3) from the apex, and examined under a stereomicroscope at ${\times}40$ magnification. The photographs were taken at ${\times}40$ magnification of the filling in each level and scanned. The leakage length in tooth/resin interface was measured at each of the three levels. Each ratio of leakage was obtained by calculating the ratio of the leakage length of canal wall infiltrated with resin to the total length of the canal and was analyzed statistically(One-way ANOVA and Scheffe test). The result were as follows : 1. At the level 1, there was the least leakage in the thermoplasticized gutta-percha injection technique group(group 4), but there was statistically significant(p<0.05). 2. At the level 2, there was the least leakage in the thermoplasticized gutta-percha injection technique group(group 4), and the most leakage in the continuous wave technique group(group 3). There was statistically significant difference between the thermoplasticized gutta-percha injection technique group and the continuous wave technique group(p<0.05). 3. At the level 3, there was the least leakage in the thermoplasticized gutta-percha injection technique group(group 4), but there were no statistically significant differences between other groups(p>0.05). These results suggest that thermoplasticized gutta-percha injection technique which had 1mm apical gutta-percha matrix after the formation of TCP apical barrier, can demonstrate favorable apical sealing.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• 제27권4호
• /
• pp.411-420
• /
• 2002

The aim of this study is to compare the adaptability of thermoplasticized injectable gutta-percha technique to the canal walls in ribbon-shaped canals. Thirty resin models simulated ribbon-shape canals were instrumented to #40 using .06 taper Profile systems. Three groups of each 10 resin models were obturated by the lateral condensation technique(LC) and the two thermoplasticized injectable gutta-percha technique; Ultrafil Endoset+Obtura II(EO) and Ultrafil Firmset(UF), respectively. After resin model were kept at room temperature for 4 days, they were resected horizontally with micro-tome at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5mm levels from apex. At each levels. image of resected surface were taken using CCD camera under a stereomicroscope at $\times$40 magnification and stored. Ratio of the area of gutta-percha was obtained by calculating area of gutta-percha cone to the total area of canal using digitized image-ana-Iyzing program. The data were collected then analyzed statistically using One-way ANOVA. The results were as follows. 1 At 1mm levels, there was no statistically significant difference in the mean ratio of gutta-percha among the groups. 2. At 2mm level, EO showed the highest mean ratio of gutta-percha (p<0.05) and there was no significant difference between LC and UF. 3. At 3, 4, 5mm levels, EO and UF had significantly greater mean ratio of gutta-percha than LC(p<0.05) and there was no significant difference between EO and UF. In conclusion, the thermoplasticized injectable gutta-percha techniques demonstrated relatively favorable adaptability to canal walls than lateral condensation technique in ribbon-shaped canals except for 1mm level.

• Macromolecular Research
• /
• 제17권12호
• /
• pp.950-955
• /
• 2009

The physical and rheological properties of thermoplasticized irradiation-crosslinked polyethylene foam using supercritical methanol treatment were investigated by GPC, FTIR, DSC, WAXS, DMTA and UDS. The polyethylene foam was selectively decrosslinked into thermoplasticized polyethylene in an appropriate supercritical methanol condition without any undesirable side reactions such as oxidation and disproportionation. The thermoplasticization was promoted with increasing reaction temperature to reach completion above $380^{\circ}C$. The supercritical reaction condition affected the crystallization behavior, and mechanical and rheological properties of the decrosslinked polyethylene foam, but not its crystallographic structure or crystallinity.

• 대한치과보존학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한치과보존학회 2001년도 추계학술대회(제116회) 및 13회 Workshop 제3회 한ㆍ일 치과보존학회 공동학술대회 초록집
• /
• pp.587.1-587
• /
• 2001

The aim of this study is to compare the adaptability of thermoplasticized injectable gutta-percha technique to the canal walls in ribbon-shaped canals. Thirty resin models simulated ribbon-shaped canals were instrumented to ＃40 using. 06 taper Profile systems. Three groups of 10 resin models were obturated by the lateral condensation technique(LC) and the two thermoplasticized injectable gutta-percha technique; Ultrafil Endoset＋Obtura II(EO) and Ultrafil Firmset(UF), respectively.(omitted)

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.121-133
• /
• 1989

In order to compare the accessory canal filling effects of the three root canal filling methods with gutta-percha, the author fabricated artificial root canal mold with the first and second accessory canals of chrome-cobalt alloy. After the artificial root canal was filled with gutta-percha by lateral condensation, vertical condensation and low-temperature thermoplasticized gutta-percha injection-molded method, twenty five times respectively, the gutta-percha forced into the first and second accessory canals were measured with caliper for length. The results were as follows: 1. The filling in both accessory canals was most effective in low-temperature thermoplasticized gutta-percha injection-melded method followed in such order as: vertical condensation method and lateral condensation method (p < 0.01). 2. The filling effect of the second accessory canal was more or less higher than that of the first one (p < 0.05). 3. Low-temperature thermoplasticized gutta-percha injection-molded method was fastest in time needed for root canal filling followed by lateral condensation method and vertical condensation method.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• 제36권5호
• /
• pp.377-384
• /
• 2011

연구목적: 본 연구의 목적은 열연화주입형 gutta percha와 resilon의 온도 변화에 따른 점탄성 변화를 관찰하고 조작성을 비교하기 위함이다. 연구 재료 및 방법: Obtura-II 시스템을 이용하여 세 종류의 gutta percha와 resilon을 $140^{\circ}C$와 $200^{\circ}C$로 가열한 후 사출 온도를 측정하였다. 점도계를 이용하여 온도 변화에 따른 재료들의 점탄성 특성(전단탄성계수, G'; 전단점성계수, G"; 손실 탄젠트, tan${\delta}$; 복소점도, ${\eta}^*$)을 관찰하였다. 점도계와 차동주사열측정기(DSC)로 재료들의 상전이 온도를 측정하였고 가압법으로 $60^{\circ}C$와 $40^{\circ}C$에서 재료들의 점조도를 비교하였다. 결과: 세 종의 gutta perchas는 온도에 따라 서로 다른 점탄성 특성을 나타냈다. $40-50^{\circ}C$에서 연화된 재료의 고체화 상변이가 일어났고, 점도계와 DSC로 측정된 상변이 시작 온도는 유사하였다. 상변이 시작 온도와 가압 시 점조도는 재료들마다 차이를 보였다(p < 0.05). Resilon은 gutta percha와 비슷한 유변학적 특성을 보였다. 결론: 열연화된 근관충전재는 냉각과정 동안 유변학적 특성의 변화를 나타냈고 재료들마다 서로 다른 점탄성 특성은 근관 내주입 시와 충전 시 서로 다른 조작성을 보임을 알 수 있다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.38-48
• /
• 1989

이 연구의 목적은 연화 gutta-percha 주입 근관충전법에서 효과적인 근관폐쇄를 얻기위해 함께 사용하는 sealer의 척절한 조도률 측정하는데 있다. 실험에 사용된 sealer는 $0.5m{\ell}$의 유지놀에 산화아연 분말을 혼화하여 얻은 $0.5m{\ell}$의 혼합물이 두 유리판 사이에서 120gm의 무게에 의하여 퍼지는 정도로써 측정한 조도에 상응하는 분말액비(比) 대로 산화아연 분말과 유지놀을 혼합하여 조도 65.45mm, 46.80mm, 28.95mm 및 22.60mm의 sealer를 제조하였다. 발거된 125개의 하악 대구치에서 원심근을 절취하여 step-back 방법으로 근관형성, 제조된 sealer를 근관벽에 피복하고 $70^{\circ}C$에서 연화된 gutta-percha를 주입, 근관충전하였다. 실험치근은 2% methylene-blue 색소용액에 침적시켜 $37^{\circ}C$의 항온기에서 48시간 경과시킨후 근단공을 통한 색소침투의 정도를 측정하여 다읍의 결과를 얻었다. 연화 gutta-percha 주입 근관충전법에서 sealer를 사용하지 않은 군이 sealer를 사용한 군보다 색소침투는 더 크게 나타났다(p<0.05). 일정한 조도의 범위 65.45mm~22.60mm에서 조도 65.45mm의 sealer는 조도 28.9mm 및 22.60mm보다 폐쇄효과는 더 높게 나타났고(p<0.05) 조도 46.80mm의 sealer 보다도 더 높게 나타났으나 통계학적 유의성은 없었다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.31-37
• /
• 1989

The purpose of these study was to compare the sealing ability of a injection-molded thermoplasticized gutta-percha and silver amalgam as retroseal material in vitro. Sixty two upper and lower extracted human teeth with single root were randomly selected and instrumented in a conventional method with H-file. After instrumentation the root canal was obturated with gutta-percha by lateral condensation technique with AH26 and an apicoectomy was performed by beveling the root tip 45 angle. In the experimental group 1 and 2, a class I preparation was made and filled with silver amalgam or gutta-percha and in the experimental group 3 an apicoectomy only was performed. All specimens were immersed in black Indian ink, decalcified and cleared. The depth of dye penetration into the canals were evaluated by califer. The results were as follows ; 1. The experimental group 1 displayed the smallest mean dye penetration as 0.45mm. 2. The experimental group 3 displayed the greatest mean dye penetration as 0.65mm. 3. There was the difference in dye penetration between each group, but the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.104-114
• /
• 1990

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the adaptation of root canal filling material to the dentinal wall of root canal and to compare the sealing ability of the root canal filling materials using ultrasonic endodontic instrument with injection-molded thermoplasticized gutta-percha filling method and lateral condensation method. Fifty fresh human single root exlracted for orthodontic treatment, were randomly selected, and instrumented by step-back technique. And then, the teeth were divided into 5 groups according to each root canal filling methods. In the experimental group 1 and group 2, the root canals were filled with gutta perdia cases using ultrasonic instrument with and without sealer. In the experimental group 3 and 4, using jection-moldeed thermoplasticized gutta-percha method by obtul$^{(R)}$ canals were filled with and without sealer. In the control group, the canals were filled with sealer by lateral candensation. And then, 5 teeth of each group were immersed in black Indian ink, decalcified and cleared. The depth of dye penetration into the root canal were evaluated with stereoscope (Reichert Ltd., USA). Among the 5 teeth remaining in each group, the single longituding grooves were made on the labial and lingual root surfaces and then immersed in the liquid nitrogen to fracture the teeth spontaneously without any distortions of gutta-percha. Each specimens were examined with X-650 Scanning Electron Microscope(Hitachi ltd, Japan) to show the adaptation to the canal wall, void, homogenicity of filling material and location of gutta-percha or sealer in the dentinal tubules of the root canal. The observations were as follows : 1. The experimental group 1 showed smaller mean dye penetration than control group, and showed the penetraton of sealer in the dentinal tubules of apical third of the root canal. 2. The experimental group 2 and group 4 showed the penetration of gutta-percha in the dentinal tubules of root canals. 3. The experimental group 1 and group 3 showed less mean dye penetration than the experimental group 2 and group 4. 4. The experimental group 1 and group 2 showed better adaptation of filling materials than control group.