• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 1999년도 제3회 압연심포지엄 논문집 압연기술의 미래개척 (Exploitation of Future Rolling Technologies)
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• pp.390-398
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• 1999

The thermomechanical control process(in hot rolling strip mill) was employed to produce 2.25Cr-1Mo steel, which is to be construction material for the steam generator for power plant. Although the Conventional processes has been the primary means of producing the 2.25Cr-1Mo steel, an alternative method was used to meet the specification of ASTM heat treatment for A387-22-Classl using autotempering after coiling in hot rolling strip mill. The microstructures, tensile properties at various temperatures, and creep-rupture properties have been investigated to compare the properties with those of materials produced by the conventional process and to certify the application of the thermomechanical control process to an actual process of manufacturing 2.25-Cr-1Mo steel, this in turn, will reduce the cost of the process. About 14 to 34% glanular bainite (remainder proetectoid ferrite) formed in a coil, and this variety of volume fraction stems from the different cooling rates, which varies with position of the coil after coiling. Tensile testing from room temperature to 700$^{\circ}C$ indicated that strength increases with test temperature showing peaks at around 600$^{\circ}C$. Creep-rupture properties have been being investigated at the temperature of 500$^{\circ}C$ with 27.5, 32kg/$\textrm{mm}^2$ loads and have showed no rupture for over 1000 hours.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2016년도 제50회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.376-376
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• 2016

Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)/functionalized bacterial cellulose nanowhiskers (f-BCNW) (0.1 wt%) composite nanofibers were fabricated by electrospinning process and the thermomechanical properties were significantly enhanced more than the PEO and PEO/bacterial cellulose nanowhiskers (BCNW) (0.1 wt%) composite nanofibers. The functionalization of BCNW (f-BCNW) was performed by microwave plasma treatment for effects of nitrogen functionalization of chemically-driven BCNW. The N-containing functional groups of f-BCNW enhanced chemical bonding between the hydroxyl groups of the polymer chains in the PEO matrix and diameter size of PEO/f-BCNW (0.1 wt%) composite nanofibers were decreased more than PEO and PEO/BCNW (0.1 wt%) composite nanofibers on the same concentration. The strong interfacial interactions between the f-BCNW nanofillers and polymer matrix were improved the thermomechanical properties such as crystallization temperature, weight loss and glass transition temperature (Tg) compared to PEO and PEO/BCNW composites nanofibers. The results demonstrated that N2 plasma treatment of BCNW is very useful in improving thermal stability for bio-applications.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제47권10호
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• pp.621-628
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• 2009

Thermomechanical processes were carried out to evaluate their effects on the mechanical and the microstructural property of a ferritic-martensitic steel. Modified 9Cr-1Mo steels were hot-rolled at a temperature of either $780^{\circ}C$ or $850^{\circ}C$ after normalizing at $1050^{\circ}C$ and then were air-cooled. Continuous annealing at $850^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours immediately after the hot rolling was also performed and they were compared to the specimens without thermomechanical process. The result showed that there were little differences between the hot rolled specimens in terms of the precipitation density and size. However, V content inside the MX precipitates increased in the case of the specimen rolled at $850^{\circ}C$. The application of the continuous annealing induced coarsening of the Nb-rich MX precipitation as well as an increase in the amount of V-rich MX precipitation, which is expected to enhance high temperature mechanical properties of the ferritic-martensitic steel.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.591-614
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• 2002

This paper presents experimental and numerical analyses of the thermomechanical behaviour that takes place in SAE1020 mild steel cylindrical specimens during the conventional tensile test. A set of experiments has been carried out in order to obtain the stress-strain curve and the diameter evolution at the neck which allow, in turn, to derive the elastic and hardening parameters characterizing the material response. Temperature evolutions have also been measured for a high strain rate situation. Moreover, a finite element large strain thermoelastoplasticity-based formulation is proposed and used to simulate the deformation process during the whole test. Some important aspects of this formulation are discussed. Finally, the results provided by the simulation are experimentally validated.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.35-44
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• 2015

Thermomechanical pulping process uses large amounts of energy, mostly electricity to run electrical facilities. Thermomechanical pulp (TMP) made from Pinus densiflora also has a big drawback that refining consumes 90 per cent of the total energy used in TMP process. This study explored to draw up a way to save refining energy through different thermal treatment at the stages of presteaming and refining. Presteaming temperature was $80^{\circ}C$, $100^{\circ}C$, and $120^{\circ}C$. After presteaming at each temperature, refining was carried out at $100^{\circ}C$, $120^{\circ}C$, and $140^{\circ}C$ respectively. In a presteaming stage, steaming temperature over $120^{\circ}C$ greatly contributed to the decrease of refining energy leading to earlier attainment of a target freeness, irrespective of refining temperature. In addition, NaOH treatment with presteaming enhanced better development of fiber properties during refining than presteaming without NaOH. High temperature refining at $140^{\circ}C$ produced a high strength paper, and wood chips treated by alkali responded better to refining than at over $120^{\circ}C$. Improved softening effect on wood chips led to the decrease in shives contents but it gave no effect on pitch contents of TMP.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.914-917
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• 2001

Single-shot laser damage of thin Cr films on glass substrates has been studied to understand the cracking and peeling-off mechanism. A numerical model is developed for the calculation of transient heat transfer and thermal stresses in Cr films during excimer laser irradiation and cooling, the transient temperature, and the stress-strain fields are analyzed by using a three-dimensional finite-element model of heat flow. According to the numerical analysis for the experimentally determined cracking and peeling-off conditions, cracking is found to be the result of the tensile brittle fracture due to the excessive thermal stresses formed during the cooling process, while peeling-off is found to be the combined result of films bulging from the softened glass surface at higher temperature and the tensile brittle fracture during the cooling process.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.19-24
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• 2004

PET yarns textured at different texturing conditions were treated with superheated steam or dry heat at different temperatures for different times. The effects of the treatment conditions on the thermomechanical and structural changes of the yarn were examined by shrinkage, X-ray diffraction and birefringence measurements. With increase in superheated steam temperature, the crystalline orientation factor and birefringence decreased, whereas crystal size increased. Dry heat treatment had a smaller effect on shrinkage and structural properties in comparison with superheated steam treatment. The additional shrinkage after texturing process was investigated. The effect of heat-setting in both media was more significant at $200^{\circ}C$. The time dependence of the properties was not linear.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.8-16
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• 1990

Effects of thermomechanical treatments(TMT) on the microstructures and mechanical properties in Al-2.27%, Li-1.28%, Cu-0.63%, Mg-0.12%, Zr alloy were investigated. The TMT process improved the tensile strength. Growth of ${\delta}^{\prime}$, S' and $T_1$ phases was restrained by TMT processes while the density of ${\delta}^{\prime}$, S' and $T_1$ phases was increased by TMT processes. The TMT treated specimens tend to fail in inter-subboundary mode. The increases of strength by the T-HA processes were compared to those of the T-AHA processes.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 1995년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.16-29
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• 1995

A full three-dimensional thermo-coupled rigid-viscoplastic finite element method and the currently developed microstructural evolution system which includes semi-empirical mathematical equations suggested by different research groups were used together to form an integrated system of process and microstructure simulation of hot rolling. The distribution and time history of thermomechanical variables such as temperature, strain, strain rate, and time during pass and between passes were obtained FEM analysis of multipass hot rolling processes. Then distribution of metallurgical variables were calculated successfully on the basis of instantaneous thermomechanical data. For the verification of this method the evolution of microstructure in plate rolling and shape rolling was simulated and their results were compared with the data available in literature. Consequently, this approach makes it passible to describe the realistic evolution of microstructure by avoiding the use of erroneous average value and can be used in CAE of multipass hot rolling.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.135-146
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• 2016

국내에서는 열기계펄프 생산을 국내산 소나무(Pinus densiflora)만을 사용하고 있다. 가격적 측면에서 장점이 있지만 지속적인 수급이나 피치와 같은 문제점이 내재되어 있기 때문에 주원료를 대체할 수 있는 방안이 강구되어야 한다. 열기계펄프의 원료로서 국내산 소나무를 대체할 수 있는 수종으로 러시아산 가문비(Picea jezoensis), 러시아산 낙엽송(Larix leptolepis), 그리고 미얀마산 대나무(Phyllostachys bambusoides)를 선정하여 열기계펄프 특성을 분석하였다. 이들 원료들은 동일한 조건 하에서 열기계펄프로 제조되었다. 러시아산 낙엽송과 미얀마산 대나무는 펄프화 공정에 부정적인 영향을 미칠 수 있는 추출물 함량이 과량 검출되었다. 러시아산 가문비는 다른 수종들과는 달리 shive와 피치의 함량이 가장 적게 정량되었고, 리파이닝 에너지도 국내산 소나무에 수준으로 매우 적게 소모되었다. 열기계펄프의 백색도면에서는 가문비가 가장 높은 백색도를 나타내어 표백 약품의 절감에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대되었다. 결론적으로 러시아산 가문비가 공정 에너지 절감과 펄프 품질 향상 측면에서 국내산 소나무를 대체할 수 있는 가장 우수한 수종인 것으로 나타났다.