• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
• /
• v.33 no.5
• /
• pp.51-59
• /
• 2013

It is usual to evaluate the performance of the cool roof by measuring in-site rooftop temperature using thermal infra-red camera. The principal advantage of rooftop thermal infrared image acquired in oblique vantage point of super high-rise building as a remote sensor is to provide, in a cost-effective manner, area-wide information required for a scattered rooftop target with different colors, utilizing wide view angle and multi-temporal data coverage. This research idea was formulated by incorporating the concept of traditional remote sensing into rooftop temperature monitoring. Correlations between infrared image of super high-rise building and in-situ data were investigated to compare rooftop surface temperature for a total of four different rooftop locations. The results of the correlations analyses indicate that the rooftop surface temperature by the infrared images of super high-rise building alone could be explained yielding $R^2$ values of 0.951. The visible permanent record of the oblique thermal infra-red image was quite useful in better understanding the nature and extent of rooftop color that occurs in sampling points. This thermal infrared image acquired in oblique vantage point of super high-rise made it possible to identify area wide patterns of rooftop temperature change subject to many different colors, which cannot be acquired by traditional in-site field sampling. The infrared image of super high-rise building breaks down the usual concept of field sampling established as a conventional cool roof performance evaluation technique.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.66 no.1
• /
• pp.31-56
• /
• 2024

Pig farming, a vital industry, necessitates proactive measures for early disease detection and crush symptom monitoring to ensure optimum pig health and safety. This review explores advanced thermal sensing technologies and computer vision-based thermal imaging techniques employed for pig disease and piglet crush symptom monitoring on pig farms. Infrared thermography (IRT) is a non-invasive and efficient technology for measuring pig body temperature, providing advantages such as non-destructive, long-distance, and high-sensitivity measurements. Unlike traditional methods, IRT offers a quick and labor-saving approach to acquiring physiological data impacted by environmental temperature, crucial for understanding pig body physiology and metabolism. IRT aids in early disease detection, respiratory health monitoring, and evaluating vaccination effectiveness. Challenges include body surface emissivity variations affecting measurement accuracy. Thermal imaging and deep learning algorithms are used for pig behavior recognition, with the dorsal plane effective for stress detection. Remote health monitoring through thermal imaging, deep learning, and wearable devices facilitates non-invasive assessment of pig health, minimizing medication use. Integration of advanced sensors, thermal imaging, and deep learning shows potential for disease detection and improvement in pig farming, but challenges and ethical considerations must be addressed for successful implementation. This review summarizes the state-of-the-art technologies used in the pig farming industry, including computer vision algorithms such as object detection, image segmentation, and deep learning techniques. It also discusses the benefits and limitations of IRT technology, providing an overview of the current research field. This study provides valuable insights for researchers and farmers regarding IRT application in pig production, highlighting notable approaches and the latest research findings in this field.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
• /
• 2003.11a
• /
• pp.869-872
• /
• 2003

The thermal contamination of the Younggwang coastal marine ecosystem has been investigated using space borne thermal infrared data acquired over the period 1985-2003 by the Landsat and NOAA satellites. The analysis of AVHRR data brought out the general pattern and extension of thermal plume while TM data yielded more accurate information about the plume shape, dimension, dispersion direction etc. The examination of sea surface temperature (SST) computed from these images clearly indicates that the thermal plume extends 70 to100km southward during summer and 50 to70km northwestward during winter monsoons. The maximum plume temperature was 29$^{\circ}C$ in summer and 12$^{\circ}C$ in winter. The comparative analysis shows that the temperature retrieved from TM is slightly higher (1.8$^{\circ}C$, 3$^{\circ}C$ and 2.2$^{\circ}C$ for the images of 98/11/10, 99/05/05 and 99/05/21 respectively) than those derived from AVHRR data. The correlation coefficient between the TM-derived SST and AVHRR-derived SST was 0.72.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
• /
• v.38 no.3
• /
• pp.225-236
• /
• 2022

Urbanization due to population growth and regional development can cause various environmental problems, such as the urban heat island phenomenon. A planned city is considered an appropriate study site to analyze changes in urban climate caused by rapid urbanization in a short-term period. In this study, changes in land cover and surface heat island phenomenon were analyzed according to the development plan in Sejong City from 2013 to 2020 using Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager/Thermal Infrared Sensor (OLI/TIRS) satellite imagery. The surface temperature was calculated in consideration of the thermal infrared band value provided by the satellite image and the emissivity, and based on this the surface heat island effect intensity and Urban Thermal Field Variance Index (UTFVI) change analysis were performed. The level-2 land cover map provided by the Ministry of Environment was used to confirm the change in land cover as the development progressed and the difference in the surface heat island intensity by each land cover. As a result of the analysis, it was confirmed that the urbanized area increased by 15% and the vegetation decreased by more than 28%. Expansion and intensification of the heat island phenomenon due to urban development were observed, and it was confirmed that the ecological level of the area where the heat island phenomenon occurred was very low. Therefore, It can suggest the need for a policy to improve the residential environment according to the quantitative change of the thermal environment due to rapid urbanization.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
• /
• v.34 no.2_1
• /
• pp.227-236
• /
• 2018

The focus control mechanism of the multi-purpose camera can be required for the better quality image acquisition. A good image acquisition through the hardware system including the optics and image sensor, has to be processed before the post correction for improvement of image quality. In the case of the high-resolution satellite camera, the focus control is not a necessity, unlike a normal camera due to a fixed optical system, but may be required due to various reasons. Although there is a basic focus control method using a motor for satellite electronic optical camera, a focus control method using thermal control can be a good alternative because of its various advantages in design, installation, operation, contamination, high reliability and etc. In this paper, we describe the design method and implementation results for the focus control mechanism using the temperature sensor and heater installed in the telescope structure. In the proposed focus control method, the measured temperature information is converted into temperature data by the Kalman filter and the converted temperature data are used in PI controller for the thermal focus control.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.39-55
• /
• 2019

In this study, we have proposed an improved method to detect forest fires by correcting the reflected signals of day images using the middle-wavelength infrared (MWIR) channel. The proposed method is allowed to remove the reflected signals only using the image itself without an existing data source such as a land-cover map or atmospheric data. It includes the processing steps for calculating a solar-reflected signal such as 1) a simple correction model of the atmospheric transmittance for the MWIR channel and 2) calculating the image-based reflectance. We tested the performance of the method using the MODIS product. When compared to the conventional MODIS fire detection algorithm (MOD14 collection 6), the total number of detected fires was improved by approximately 17%. Most of all, the detection of fires improved by approximately 30% in the high reflection areas of the images. Moreover, the false alarm caused by artificial objects was clearly reduced and a confidence level analysis of the undetected fires showed that the proposed method had much better performance. The proposed method would be applicable to most satellite sensors with MWIR and thermal infrared channels. Especially for geostationary satellites such as GOES-R, HIMAWARI-8/9 and GeoKompsat-2A, the short acquisition time would greatly improve the performance of the proposed fire detection algorithm because reflected signals in the geostationary satellite images frequently vary according to solar zenith angle.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.111-116
• /
• 2019

The biotic stress of garlic and tobacco infected by bacteria and virus was evaluated using a thermal imaging camera in a growth chamber. The remote sensing technique using the thermal camera detected that garlic leaf temperature increased when the leaves were infected by bacterial soft rot of garlic. Furthermore, the temperature of leaf was relatively high for the leaves where the colony-forming unit per mL was large. Such temperature patterns were detected for tobacco leaves infected by Cucumber Mosaic Virus using thermal images. In addition, the crop water stress index (CWSI) calculated from leaf temperature also increased for the leaves infected by the virus. The event such that CWSI increased by the infection of the virus occurred before visual disease symptom appeared. Our results suggest that the thermal imaging camera would be useful for the development of crop remote sensing technique, which can be applied to a smart farm.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
• /
• v.32 no.5
• /
• pp.423-434
• /
• 2016

Surface emissivity and its background values according to each sensor are mandatorily necessary for Mid-Wavelength Infrared (MWIR) remote sensing to retrieve surface temperature and temporal variation. This study presents the methods and results of Land Surface Emissivity (LSE) of the MWIR according to land cover over the Korean Peninsula. The MWIR emissivity was estimated by applying the Temperature Independent Spectral Indices (TISI) method to the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) band 4 Day/Night images ($3.74{\mu}m$ in center wavelength). The obtained values were classified according to land-cover types, and the obtained emissivity was then compared with those calculated from a standard Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) spectral library. The annual means of MWIR emissivity of Deciduous Broadleaf Forest (0.958) and Mixed Forest (0.935) are higher than those of Croplands (0.925) and Natural Vegetation Mosaics (0.935) by about 2-3%. The annual mean of Urban area is the lowest (0.914) with an annual variation of about 2% which is by larger than those (1%) of other land-covers. The TISI and VIIRS based emissivity is slightly lower than the ASTER spectral library by about 2-3% supposedly due to various reasons such as lack of land cover homogeneity. The results will be used to understand the MWIR emissivity properties of the Korean Peninsula and to examine the seasonal and other environmental changes using MWIR images.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
• /
• 2005.10a
• /
• pp.205-208
• /
• 2005

This research is aimed at the development of a software that predicts the surface temperature profiles of three-dimensional objects on the ground considering the spectral solar radiation through the atmosphere. The thermal modelling is essential for identifying the objects on the scenes obtained from the satellites. And the temperature distribution on the objects is necessary to obtain their infrared images in contrast to the background. We developed a software that could be used to model the thermal problems of the ground objects irradiated by the spectral solar radiation. This software can be used to handle the conduction within the object as a one-dimensional mode into the depth or as a three-dimensional mode through the media. LOWTRAN7 is used to model the spectral solar radiation including the direct and diffuse solar radiances. In this paper, temperature distributions on the objects obtained by using the one-dimensional and the three-dimensional thermal models are compared with each other to examine the applicability of the relatively easy-to-apply one-dimensional model.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
• /
• 2002.10a
• /
• pp.815-820
• /
• 2002

MSC as a payload of KOMPSAT-2 is an optical telescope for earth imaging on a sun-synchronous orbit. The MSC is a Ritchey-Chretien type telescope composed of hyperbolic primary and secondary mirrors with focal correcting lenses. Their relative positions should be kept aligned during imaging operation. However, the MSC is exposed to adverse thermal environment on orbit which can have some impacts on optical performance as well as structural endurance. Solar incidence can cause non-uniform temperature rise on the tube which entails unfavorable thermal distortion. Three options were proposed, which were internal shield, external mechanical shield and spacecraft maneuvering. After the trade-off studies, internal sun shield was selected as a realistic and optimal solution to minimize the effect of the solar radiation. In this paper, pros and cons are explained for the three possible choices and a design of the internal shield is discussed.