• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.345-352
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• 2023

A thermal-mechanical coupling finite element model of the steel-plate concrete composite (SC) wall is established, taking into account the strain rate effect and variation in mechanical and thermal properties under different temperatures. Verifications of the model against previous fire test and impact test results are carried out. The impact response of the SC wall under elevated temperatures is further investigated. The influences of the fire exposure time on the impact force and displacement histories are discussed. The results show that as the fire exposure time increases, the deflection increases and the impact resistance decreases. A formula is proposed to calculate the reduction of the allowable impact energy considering the fire exposure time.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.127-140
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• 2014

Laminated rubber bearing is very popular base isolation of earthquake engineering pertaining to the passive structural vibration control technologies. Rubber used in fabricating NRB and LRB can be easily attacked by various environmental factors such as oxygen, heat, light, dynamic strain, and organic liquids. Among these factors, this study carried out thermal aging test to investigate the effect of thermal aging on the mechanical properties of laminated rubber bearings in accelerated exposure condition of $70^{\circ}C$ temperature for 168 hours. The compressive-shear test was carried out to identify the variation of compressive and shear properties of the rubber bearings before and after thermal aging. In contrast to tensile strength and elongation tests, the hardness of rubber materials showed the increasing tendency dependent on exposure temperature and period. Based on the test results, the property changes of rubber bearing mainly aged by heat are quantitatively presented.

• 전자공학회논문지A
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• 제30A권1호
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• pp.31-43
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• 1993

Thermal behavior and $O_{2}$ plasma effects on residue and penetrated impurities formed by reactive ion etching (RIE) in CHF$_{3}$/C$_{2}$F$_{6}$ have been investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) techniques. Decomposition of polymer residue film begins between 200-300.deg. C, and above 400.deg. C carbon compound as graphite mainly forms by in-situ resistive heating. It reveals that thermal decomposition of residue can be completed by rapid thermal anneal above 800.deg. C under nitrogen atmosphere and out-diffusion of penetrated impurities is observed. The residue layer has been removed with $O_{2}$ plasma exposure of etched silicon and its chemical bonding states have been changed into F-O, C-O etc.. And $O_{2}$ plasma exposure results in the decrease of penetrated impurities.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.414-419
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• 2019

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory effect of non-thermal dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma by air volume against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Methods: Plasma generators (TB-300, Shinyoung Airtec, Seongnam-si, Korea) were operated in a 2A type biosafety cabinet. The plasma generator was set to a wind flow rate of 14 ($80m^3/h$), 18 ($110m^3/h$), and 22 ($150m^3/h$), and exposure times were set to 0 hours, 3 hours, 6 hours, 9 hours, and 24 hours. Results: The inhibitory effects of plasma at air volume 14 with prolonged exposure time of three hours was 20%, 64% at six hours, 82.3% at nine hours, and 100% after 24 hours exposure. With air volume of 18, the inhibitory effects upon plasma exposure were 36% for three hours, and 100% from 24 hours. Greater air volume resulted in greater inhibition of tuberculosis bacterial growth. In particular, the maximum inhibitory effect (100%) was shown in air volume of 22 ($150m^3/h$) after three hours of plasma exposure. Conclusions: The results showed the correlating inhibitory effects of plasma on the growth of MTB in combination with increasing plasma exposure time and air volume.

• Composites Research
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.37-42
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• 2009

온도, 수분 및 자외선과 같은 자연환경을 모사할 수 있는 가속노화시험장치를 적용하여 복합적인 환경인자에 노출된 탄소섬유/에폭시 복합재의 열분석 특성과 화학구조분석을 수행하였다. 복합적인 환경인자의 최대 노출시간은 3000시간으로 노출시간에 따른 복합재의 열분석 특성과 화학구조는 Modulated DSE와 FTIR을 통해 조사하였다. Modulated DSC 시험을 통한 연우-결과에 따르면 노출시간이 증가할수록 복합재 내에 치밀한 망사 구조가 형성되어 유리전이온도는 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 또한 노출시간이 증가할수록 복합재의 특성에 영향을 미치는 물리시효가 발생하여 엔탈피 완화현상을 나타내는 흡열 피크가 관찰되었다. 아울러 FTIR 시험을 통해 관찰된 피크의 위치는 노출시간에 큰 영향을 받지 않지만 피크의 세기는 노출시간이 증가할수록 에폭시기에 발생되는 경화 반응으로 인해 점차 감소함을 알 수 있었다.

• 폴리머
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.446-451
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• 2009

신뢰성 평가 시험법인 RS M 0042에 따라, 열화시간 경과에 따른 선형저밀도 폴리에틸렌 파이프의 신뢰성 평가를 수행하였다. 열화시간이 증가함에 따라, 인장강도는 250일 열화시점까지 비례적으로 증가하였고, 경도는 비교적 미소한 증가를 보였으며, 연신율은 점진적으로 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 이러한 결과는 열화시간이 증가함에 따른, 결정화도의 증가와 열산화에 의한 가교밀도의 증가, 사슬 전단 및 사슬 운동성의 감소 등에 기인한 것으로 판단된다. 장기정수압시험 결과는 초기의 연성파괴에서 차후 취성파괴로 전환되는 시점이 존재함을 확인하였다. 산화유도시간 측정은 선형저밀도폴리에틸렌 파이프의 열산화 정도를 관찰하기 위해 도입되었다. 측정 결과는 250일 이후 선형저밀도폴리에틸렌 파이프에 첨가된 산화방지제가 거의 고갈되었음을 보여준다. $100^{\circ}C$ 열화 조건에서 산화방지제의 잔존량을 계산할 수 있는 실험식을 열화시간의 함수로 표현하여 제안하였다. 적외선분광분석 결과는 열화된 선형저밀도폴리에틸렌 파이프 표면상에 카르보닐 및 하드록실 관능기가 증가하였음을 보여준다. 이는 선형저밀도폴리에틸렌 표면의 탄화수소 그룹의 산화가 국부적으로 발생하였음을 나타낸다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.583-597
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to evaluate temperature change occurred in enamel, dentin and pulp due to the heat from cavity prepration with laser. We made three models had different cavity depth: cavity depth of model A was 3.52mm, model B was 2.32mm, model C was 1.16mm. We irradiated cavity base with thermal capacity of $30J,100J,300J/cm^2s$ during few seconds and studied the change of temperature in tooth during 10 seconds, and estimated change of thermal capacity by different irradiated site and exposure time. At $300J/cm^2$ irradiation for 2 seconds, the temperature of irradiated surface was elevated fast according to irradiated thermal energy during 1 second. In proportion to continuous exposure time, temperature elevated slowly. The surface temperature was $1370^{\circ}C$. After discontinue of thermal irradiation, the heat of irradiated surface was diffused in dentin and pulp and the greatest temperature was made. The greatest temperature was disappeared within 10 seconds The greatest temperature of the inner part of model brought about very severe change by different depth. Temperature in pulp was raised by the greater irradiated energy density and exposure time.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2020년도 가을 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.52-53
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• 2020

The thermal spray coating process is being used to protect the metals and alloys from wear, abrasion, fatigue, tribology, and corrosion failure. Therefore, in the present study, Al and Zn was deposited by plasma arc thermal spray process onto the steel substrate and their performance was assessed. The bond adhesion result shows that Al coating has higher value attributed to compact, dense, and less porous compared to Zn coating which contain defects/pores and uneven morphology assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Electrochemical results show that the Al coating exhibited higher impedance value compared to Zn in artificial ocean water solution at prolonged exposure periods. However, both coatings show the increment in polarization resistance with exposure periods which reveal that porosity of coatings is filled by the corrosion products.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.9-15
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• 1998

The strength and stiffness of structures would be weakened by thermal degradation of wood members which are exposed to a variety of heat including a fire. For this reason, thermal degraded wood members can't pertinently support the load. However, it is easy to repair or rehabilitate wood structures. So, the degraded wood members which can't support the load can be replaced with new members. For the sake of this advantage, there is a need for nondestructive evaluation(NDE) technique, which is very effective to assess wood members in service. In this paper, it was considered whether the stress wave method is adequate to estimate static bending MOE of thermal degraded wood. As the result, the relationship between static bending MOE and MOEsw in elevated temperature was found out significant. Therefore, the application of stress wave method for estimating static bending MOE of thermal degraded zzwood would be possible. However, it is thought that further research for the effects of exposure temperature, time, and thermal degradation on the relationship between static bending MOEb and MOEsw would be needed.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.208-214
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• 2011

In this thesis, the partial discharge according to applied voltage and variations of cross-sectional area and length of the conductor related to general condition for using cable was measured in order to study degradation diagnosis for 2-Core cable of the PVC insulator used in industrial fields for other safety installations. Also the thermal degradation conditions under various installation circumstances of cables were studied by assuming degradation conditions with each different degradation rate (50%, 67%, 100%) such as variation in degradated temperature, thermal exposure time, normal state, partially degradated state and overall degradated state for thermal degradation diagnosis. The quantity of electric discharge (V-Q) according to applied voltage was measured for measurement of inception voltage and extinction voltage. The quantity of electric discharge and the number of electric discharge (Q-N) were measured with applied voltage kept constantly. In addition, pictures were taken using SEM (scanning electron microscope) to compare the surface of external insulator to degradated state of internal insulator according to thermal degradation temperature and also compare the surface of external insulator to degradated surface state of internal insulator according exposure time of cables to thermal stress.