• 대한방사선치료학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.91-97
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• 2007

목 적: 세기변조방사선치료 시 선행되는 품질관리에서 선량분포와 절대선량 값을 비교하여 2차원 이온전리함의 유용성을 알아보고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 본 실험은 선형가속기(CL 21EX, Varian, Palo Alto, USA)의 6 MV 광자선을 이용하여 비인두암 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 세기변조방사선치료를 위한 품질관리에는 2차원 이온전리함 배열(MatriXX, Wellhofer Dosimetrie, Germany)을 사용하였다. 비인두암 환자의 치료를 위해 역방향치료계획을 시행하였다. 고체팬톰에 삽입된 MatriXX를 전산화단층 촬영하여 환자 치료계획과 동일한 플루언스로 하이브리드(갠트리 각도 0$^\circ$) 치료계획을 실시하였다. 실험적 선량분포의 측정은 하이브리드 치료계획과 동일한 기하학적 조건으로 MatriXX와 고체팬톰을 이용하여 측정하였다. 선량분포에서 고선량 저변위(High Dose Low Gradient: HDLG) 점을 선정하여 절대선량을 비교하였으며, 선량분포 일치성분석을 위해 감마 인덱스 히스토그람($\gamma$-index, Dose difference: 3%, Distance to agreement: 3 mm)을 이용하여 정량화하였다. 결 과: 감마 인덱스 히스토그람 분석결과 인정허용범위(${\gamma}{\leq}$1) 비율을 모든 조사면에서 각각 확인하였다. 갠트리 각도 0$^\circ$에서 95.08%, 55$^\circ$에서 97.52%, 110$^\circ$에서 96.28%, 140$^\circ$에서 98.2%, 220$^\circ$에서 97.78%, 250$^\circ$에서 96.64%, 305$^\circ$에서 92.7%로 나타났다. HDLG에서 절대선량은 $\pm$3% 이내의 일치도를 보였다. 결 론: MatriXX를 이용한 세기변조방사선치료의 품질관리는 필름이나 단일 이온전리함을 이용한 일반적인 세기변조방사선치료 품질관리에 비해 시간, 인력을 최소화하면서 보다 효율적인 접근이 가능하였으며, 선량분포일치성 분석 및 절대선량확인에 매우 유용한 장치임을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국임상보건과학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.63-74
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• 2013

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to contribute to the development of the sexual education program by examining status of Sexual Violence Consciousness and Cognition of Sexual Violence of University students Methods. The subjects were 240 University students located in J-city. Data were collected during the period from Nov. 12, 2012 to Nov. 13, 2012. For the data analysis, SPSS 12.0 K program was utilized to get frequency number, percentage, average, standard deviation and t-test. Results. The results present different degrees of man and women's cause of sexual violence cognition and consciousness were as following ; The several scores of women higher more than man parts were 'Think of the woman as a sexual target(t=3.86, p<0.001)','Men's sexual urges(t=3.98, p<0.001)', 'The low status of women in society (t=3.85, p<0.001)', 'Male-dominated society and culture(t=5.62, p<0.001)', 'Acceptance of men aggression and activism(t=5.19, p<0.001)','Weak punishment (t=7.25, p<0.001)'and Man higher more than women parts were 'overexposure of women(t=3.88, p<0.001)'. Conclusion. Results suggest that sexual education program should strategies to increase a positive Consciousness and Cognition of Sexual Violence in their education programs in order to improve Consciousness and Cognition of Sexual Violence in University students.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.111-118
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• 2018

본 연구는 독거노인의 일상생활 및 만성질환 관리에 대한 경험을 분석하여 이에 대한 의미와 본질 및 어려움을 알아보기 위해 포커스그룹 인터뷰를 실시한 질적 연구이다. 연구 대상자는 D시 노인복지관을 방문하는 65세 이상의 독거노인 중 인지장애가 없는 자를 대상으로 하였으며, 총 31명의 대상자를 5그룹으로 나누어 각 그룹 당 약 60분의 면담을 진행하였다. 본 연구결과 '일상생활의 어려움', '여러 만성질환에 이환됨 ', '미래의 상황에 대한 두려움', '삶에 대한 수용'의 4개의 주제가 도출되었다. 결론적으로 독거노인들은 신체적 노화와 만성질환의 이환에 따라 일상생활의 어려움을 느끼고 있으며 미래의 상황에 대한 두려움을 느끼면서도 동시에 삶에 대해 수용하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 독거노인들의 삶의 만족도와 삶의 질 향상을 위해서는 식사 및 세탁 등의 일상생활이 유지될 수 있도록 제도적 장치 마련이 요구되며, 만성질환이 악화되지 않도록 관리함으로써 신체적 건강이 유지될 수 있도록 하는 중재프로그램의 개발이 필요하다. 또한 미래의 불확실한 상황에 대한 두려움을 감소시켜 삶에 대해 긍정적인 수용을 할 수 있는 중재 프로그램이 개발되어야 하겠다.

• 의료법학
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.113-145
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• 2010

Nowadays, it is surely the quack which stands as one of the most controversial, problematic. the quack has been a consistent target of contested public protection strategies in the past few centuries in many countries. Recently, complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is increasingly utilized and accepted by patients and providers throughout the health care system in the world, most accounts attribute this growing acceptability to the shortcomings of conventional medicine, the appeal of CAM's core beliefs, and the growing body of research indicating that CAM actually works. However, the governments of western countries have called for measures to ensure that the public are protected from incompetent and dangerous practitioners. Common to these controversies has been a suggestion to ban, exclude or limit the medical practice of those deemed to be damaging rather than improving the health of individuals as a measure of public protection. This article describes the experiences of western counties' health care system which is moving in a more pluralistic direction. By examining the ways in which regulatory efforts in the countries have come to address what is invariably described as a growing interest in CAM, this study show how the problem of CAM/quackery today is increasingly located in an ethical field of practitioner competency, qualifications, conduct, responsibility and personal professional development, regardless of the form of therapy in question. Many countries developed a series of measures and strategies to contain the acceptance of CAM groups, such as insisting on scientific evidence of safety and efficacy, resisting integration of CAM with conventional medicine and opposing government support for research and education. In a sense, those countries' movements serve to protect not only patients, but the dominant position of medicine and its allied professions, and to maintain existing jurisdictional boundaries within the healthcare system. The popular support for CAM will require that health professional stakeholders continue to address the challenges this poses, and at the same time protect their position at healthcare system. To cope with the quack, professional body, public sector and health authorities should consider the safety of consumers of healthcare and responding to the demands of the community for CAM therapies as well as the claims of the established healthcare professions. Finally, some implications for future health care were suggested.

• 한국의학물리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국의학물리학회 2004년도 제29회 추계학술대회 발표논문집
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• pp.153-156
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• 2004

식품의약품안전청은 1978년 12월 방사선 분야의 국가교정검사기관으로 지정되어 현재까지 Co-60선원을 이용 치료준위 방사선측정기에 대한 교정을 수행하고 있다. 식약청의 에어커마와 물 흡수선량 측정값은 국제도량형국(BIPM)과 측정소급성을 유지하고 있으며, 교정계수의 확장불확도는 0.9 %(k=2)이다. 식약청에서는 외부방사선에 대한 선량보증의 일환으로 1999년 전리함을 이용하여 방사선치료기관의 선량측정을 수행하였으며, 2002년부터 열형광선량계(TLD)를 이용한 선량측정체계를 확립 ${\cdot}$ 운영하고 있다. TLD 판독에 대한 측정불확도는 1.6 %(k=1)이며, 측정불확도를 감안하여 선량보증의 허용한계를 ${\pm}$ 5 %로 설정하였다. TLD 판독값을 선량으로 전환하는 과정에서 선질, 비선형성, 홀더사용 등의 영향을 보정하기 위한 보정정수를 사용하였다. 2003년도 치료방사선 선량보증사업에는 53개 기관(71개 선질)이 참여하였다. 선량보증 결과 71개 선질 중63개 선질(89 %)이 1차 측정에서 허용한계를 만족하였다. 허용한계 초과기관에 대해서는 재측정을 수행하였고, 그 결과 모두 허용한계 이내의 값을 나타냄을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.223-229
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• 2002

Metformin is an oral antihyperglycemic agent used in the therapy of noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and does not cause hypoglycemia at the therapeutic dose. Its mechanism of action may involve an increased binding of insulin to its receptors and glucose uptake at the post-receptor level. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two metformin tablets, Glucophage (Daewoong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) and Glycomin (Ilsung Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd.), according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). The metformin release from the two metformin tablets in vitro was tested using KP VII Apparatus II method with various dissolution media (pH 1.2, 4.0, 6.8 buffer solution and water). Twenty four normal male volunteers, $23.75{\pm}1.96$ years in age and $68.77{\pm}10.41\;kg$ in body weight, were divided into two groups with a randomized $2{\times}2$ cross-over study. After one tablet containing 500 mg as metformin was orally administered, blood was taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentrations of metformin in serum were determined using HPLC with UV detector. Besides, the dissolution profiles of two metformin tablets were very similar at 떠1 dissolution media. The pharmacokinetic parameters such as $AVC_t,\;C_{max}\;and\;T_{max}$ were calculated. The ANOVA test was performed for the statistical analysis of the logarithmically transformed $AVC_t\;and\;C_{max}$, untransformed $T_{max}$. The results showed that the differences in $AVC_t,\;C_{max}\;and\;T_{max}$ between two tablets based on the Glucophage were 0.09%, 6.09% and -8.22%, respectively. There were no sequence effects between two tablets in these parameters. The 90% confidence intervals using logarithmically transformed data were within the acceptance range of log(0.8) to log(1.25) $(e.g.,\;log(0.94){\sim}log(1.09)\;and \;log(1.01){\sim}log(1.15)$\;for\;AVC_t\;and\;C_{max},\;respectively)$, indicating that Glycomin tablet is bioequivalent to Glucophage tablet.

• 약학회지
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.299-305
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• 2008

Gabapentin, 1-(aminomethyl) cyclohexaneacetic acid, is a amino acid derivative, and is clinically effective in the treatment of neuropathic pain and partial seizures of epilepsy as a complementary therapy. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two gabapentin tablets, $Neurontin^{R}$ tablet 800 mg (Pfizer Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd.) and Gabapenin tablet 800 mg (Hanmi Pharm. Co., Ltd.), according to the guidelines of the Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). The release of gabapentin from the two gabapentin formulations in vitro was tested using KP VIII Apparatus II method with 0.06 M HCI dissolution media. Twenty six healthy male subjects, $23.85{\pm}2.24$ years in age and $69.40{\pm}11.11$ kg in body weight, were divided into two groups and a randomized $2{\times}2$ crossover study was employed. After a single tablet containing 800 mg as gabapentin was orally administered, blood samples were taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentrations of gabapentin in serum were determined using HPLC with fluorescence detector. The dissolution profiles of two formulations were similar in the tested dissolution media. The pharmacokinetic parameters such as $AUC_{t}$, $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$ were calculated, and ANOVA test was utilized for the statistical analysis of the parameters using logarithmically transformed $AUC_{t}$, $C_{max}$ and untransformed $T_{max}$. The results showed that the differences between two formulations based on the reference drug, $Neurontin^{R}$, were 1.28%, 0.63% and 0.62% for $AUC_{t}$, $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$, respectively. There were no sequence effects between two formulations in these parameters. The 90% confidence intervals using logarithmically transformed data were within the acceptance range of log 0.8 to log 1.25 (e.g., $log0.9097{\sim}log1.1598$ and $log0.8919{\sim}log1.1262$ for $AUC_{t}$ and $C_{max}$, respectively). Thus, the criteria of the KFDA bioequivalence guideline were satisfied, indicating Gabapenin tablet 800 mg was bioequivalent to $Neurontin^{R}$ tablet 800 mg.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권18호
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• pp.8573-8578
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• 2016

Background: This study was guided by principles of the theoretical system of evidence-based medicine. In particular, when searching for evidence of breast cancer, a measuring scale is an instrument for evaluating curative effects in accordance with the laws and characteristics of medicine and exploring the establishment of a system for medically assessing curative effects. At present, there exist few tools for evaluating curative effects. Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) refer to outcomes directly reported by patients (without input or explanations from doctors or other intermediaries) with respect to all aspects of their health. Data obtained from PROs provide evidence of treatment effects. Materials and Methods: In accordance with the tenets of theoretical medicine and ancient medical theory regarding breast cancer, principles for developing a PRO scale were established, and a theoretical model was developed and a literature review was performed, items from this pool were combined and split, and an initial scale was constructed. After a pilot survey and additional modifications, a pre-questionnaire scale was formed and used in a field investigation. After the application of statistical methods, the item pool was used to create a formal scale. The reliability, validity and feasibility of this formal scale were then assessed. Results: In a clinical investigation, 479 responses were recovered, with an acceptance rate of 95%. a combination of various methods was employed, and the items that were selected by all methods or more than half of the methods were employed in the questionnaire. In these cases, the screening methods were combined with certain features of the item, A total of four domains and 38 items were reserved. The reliability analysis indicated that the PRO scale was relatively reliable. Conclusions: Scientific assessment proved that the proposed scale exhibited good reliability and validity. This scale was readily accepted and could be used to assess the curative effects of medical therapy. However, given the limited scope of this investigation, the capacity for adapting this scale to incorporate other theories could not be determined.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.226-241
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• 1999

This study was undertaken to find out the causal perception of rheumatoid arthritis patients, and to understand the typology. The Q-population consisted of 236 statements of causal perception were collected. Thirty eight Q-samples of causal perception were selected. The P-sample for this study were made up of 28 first visiting female rheumatoid arthritis patients from a rheumatoid arthritis specialty hospital. Each respondent responded Q-set of causal perception according to 9-point scale. The result of Q-sorting were coded and analyzed using QUANL PC program. 1) Typological Observation on Causal Perception (1) Physical Fatigue Type : Type 1 perceived that the illness occurred due to excessive work requiring physical labor or strain that had occurred from not resting after excessive physical labor, therefore, thinking the origin of the illness was from physical strain. (2) Physical origin Type : Type 2 perceived that the major cause for the illness is not only excessive physical labour but also fecundity and old age. (3) Causality to Environment Type : Type 3 perceived that rheumatoid arthritis occurred from injury to the joints or bad and humid weather. (4) Conscience of Guilty Type : Type 4 consisted of people with guilty conscience for lack of religious commitment. They perceived that the illness was a punishment from God for not praying or because of bad luck. (5) Rationally Perceiving Type : People who belong in type 5 perceived the cause of illness in light of scientific facts such as genetics, unbalanced diet or lack of exercise. (6) Psychological Stress Type : People who belong in type 6 believed that excessive stress was the cause of the illness. 2) Emotions of Rheumatoid arthritis patients Rheumatoid arthritis patients' positive emotions included determination, courage, coping, acceptance, hope, and adoption ; and their negative emotions were prostration, worry, stupor, conflicts, grievance, giving-up, resignation, depression, loss, solitariness, fear, anxiety, avoidance, anger and loneliness. Rheumatoid arthritis patients experience different level of emotions from their suffering experience from the severe pains. Rheumatoid arthritis patients also experience negative emotions when they could not perform self-care and lose their self-esteem from painful suffering ; however, they regain positive emotions when they recover from pain with the use of drugs, physical therapy or exercise. Their emotional states are closely connected to level of and presence of pain.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.33-41
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• 1996

소구치 발치 직후 일정기간 동안 고정식 장치를 이용한 치료를 의도적으로 연기함으로써 의외의 좋은 결과를 얻었다는 연구결과가 발표되었고 이러한 연구결과를 입증하는 임상경험을 교정의들도 가끔 하게 된다. 소구치 발치 후 하악치열의 생리적 치아이동현상을 연구한 논문에 의하면 이를 생리적 치아이동(driftodontics)이라 명명하였다. Driftodontics의 개념이 교정학 영역에서 조심스럽게 소개되고 있는 이유는 driftodontics의 성질과 이동되는 양에 대해서는 아직 조사가 미흡한 실정이며 이러한 치아이동을 이용하기 위한 지침서가 거의 소개되어있지 않기 때문이다. 따라서 본 연구의 대상은 제 I급 부정교합자 중 이전에 교정치료를 받은 경험이 없고, 상, 하악 치열궁에 crowding이 있어 상, 하악 제1소구치를 발치하기로 한 57명 (남자 16명, 여자 41명)을 대상으로 하였다. 연령에 따라 두 군으로 나누어 제1군은 26명으로, 평균연령은 13.5세(12.7-14.9세)였으며 제2군은 31명의 환자로 평균연령 21.3(18-22.1)세였다. 두 군 모두에서 소구치 발치 후 약7개월 정도의 driftodontics기간을 유지한 후 측모 두부방사선사진 및 석고모형 계측을 통하여 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 2군(18세-22세)에서는 주로 하악 전치 및 견치의 후방이동이 일어났으며 하악구치는 상대적으로 이동이 미약한 정도로 나타났다. 2. 1군(12세-15세)에서는 전치부 변화 비율이 2군에 비해 더욱 많이 일어났으며, 구치변화는 2군과 유사한 것으로 나타났지만 그 양은 조금 컸다. 3. 하악 전치부의 생리적 이동으로 불규칙지수(irregularity index)가 감소하고 crowding양이 감소하였다.