• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.131-137
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• 2022

Osteomyelitis typically occurs because of the direct inoculation of bacteria or fungi after penetrating trauma or surgical contamination or, by extension, from soft tissue infection. Osteomyelitis is rarely reported in wildlife animals, though severe chronic osteomyelitis cases do exist in wildlife owing to the scarcity of medical support in the wild environment. This report describes three cases of chronic osteomyelitis in wild raccoon dogs related to trauma. The typical symptoms of three reported cases were ataxia, stiffness, muscle atrophy, and lethargy. All three cases were relevant to traumatic or severe external injury, and skin infestation caused by ectoparasites was apparent on an ocular inspection. In the radiographic examination, diffuse sites of osteolytic lesions and remarkable periosteal responses were demonstrated around the injured limb in all three cases. Apparent neutrophilia with a left shift, lymphocytosis, and monocytosis in hematological examinations generally indicated chronic infection as shown in case 1 and 3. Treatment was attempted with broad-spectrum antibiotics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, enrofloxacin, clindamycin, and meloxicam. These treatment options helped improve the overall prognosis of chronic osteomyelitis, but the outcomes did not meet the treatment goal entirely. Osteomyelitis can be extremely challenging to treat, particularly in wild animals, because of their distinctive traits, such as masking phenomenon and uncontrolled exposure to ectoparasites. Earlier diagnosis with a radiographic examination, hematological examinations, and careful patient monitoring, followed by prolonged antibiotic therapy and restricted exercise, are the key factors leading to a better prognosis.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.235-239
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• 2022

A 10-year-old neutered male Siberian Husky presented with paraparesis and severe lethargy. On physical examination, the patient was unable to weight-bear and walk and exhibited significant muscle mass loss in both hindlimbs and generalized truncal alopecia with a dull coat of hair. On neurological examination, cranial lumbar vertebral pain, hind limb cross-extensor reflex, delayed hindlimb postural reaction, upper motor neuron bladder dysfunction, and total absence of cutaneous trunci reflex were identified. Computed tomography revealed diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis and spondylosis deformans of the cervical and thoracolumbar vertebrae. In addition, a generalized decrease in bone mineral density of the vertebrae was identified. Magnetic resonance imaging showed hyperplasia of the epidural fat compressing the spinal cord in the thoracolumbar region and concurrent mild multiple intervertebral disc herniations. No specific findings were observed in cerebrospinal fluid analysis. Blood analysis of thyroid function revealed decreased total T4 and free T4 levels, and increased TSH levels. The patient was tentatively diagnosed with spinal epidural lipomatosis (SEL) secondary to hypothyroidism. The patient was treated with levothyroxine, firocoxib, and gabapentin. Clinical signs gradually improved, and the patient showed normal ambulation 40 days after treatment initiation. SEL is extremely rare in dogs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of SEL secondary to hypothyroidism that was treated conservatively. Secondary SEL can be sufficiently managed by treating the underlying cause, if possible.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.46.1-46.12
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• 2023

Background: Heartworm infection in dogs is caused by Dirofilaria immitis and common in shelter animals and outdoors dogs. Caval syndrome can develop with severe infection and physical heartworm removal is essential with heartworm burdens. In this study, we used an improved transvenous heartworm extraction brush, which was expected to cause less cardiovascular damage and allow easier manipulation. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate efficacy of this improved transvenous heartworm extraction brush. Methods: The brush was designed to improve upon the limitations of the previous brush-type devices. The brush was made of a polyvinyl chloride tube and threads of polyamides or polyglyconates. Metal material was inserted at the front tip for easy visualization under fluoroscopy. The eight dogs diagnosed with caval syndrome with large numbers of heartworms and pulmonary hypertension were used in this study. The removal procedure began with the dissection of the subcutaneous tissue around the right jugular vein. The device was inserted through the jugular vein. After insertion, the tube was rotated to catch the heartworms and extracted with the heartworms hanging on the threads. The procedure was repeated several times. Lastly, jugular vein and skin sutures were made. Adulticidal therapy was administered after heartworm removal. Results: The mean number of removed heartworms was 10.5 ± 4.24 and mean number of remaining heartworms was 0.63 ± 1.06. Total procedure time was 72.63 ± 51.36. Except for three cases, heartworms were not detected on ultrasonography after the procedure. No procedure-related side effects were observed within the 1- to 2-mon. Conclusions: An improved transvenous heartworm extraction brush is efficient for heartworm removal in dogs with caval syndrome.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제40권7호
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• pp.467-472
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• 2007

배경: 폐 이식이 호흡부전증 환자의 유일한 치료방법으로 인정받고 있으나 이는 역설적으로 많은 호흡부전증 환자의 이식 대기 기간 증가와 공급 장기 부족 현상을 초래하였다. 이에 동물에서 장기를 적출하는 이종 장기이식 수술이 대두되게 되었다. 그러나 이들 이종 장기이식 후 나타나는 초급성 거부반응을 아직 해결하지 못했으며 본 실험은 기초연구로써 이들 초급성 거부반응을 일으키는 주요 인자인 면역글로불린의 이식 전, 후 변화를 관찰하였다. 대상 및 방법: $20{\sim}30kg$의 잡종견과 돼지 각 6마리를 이용하여 돼지의 좌측 신장을 잡종견의 좌측 대퇴동정맥에 연결하여 30분간 관류하였고 다시 우측 신장을 교체 연결 후 30분간 관류하였다. 다시 돼지의 좌측 폐를 잡종견의 폐동맥과 좌심방에 연결 후 30분간 관류하였고 우측 폐를 교체 연결한 후 30분간 관류하였다. 실험과 실험 사이에 혈액을 채취하여 혈청을 분류하였고 절제한 신장과 폐의 IgM과 IgG 침착 정도를 관찰하였다. 결과: 관류 시간이 길어짐에 따라 혈액의 IgM은 감소하였으나 IgG의 감소는 확실하지 않았다. 신장과 폐의 면역형광염색 소견에서 IgM, IgG의 염색반응이 크게 줄어드는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 결론: 이와 같은 연구결과로 이종 장기이식 전에 신장 및 폐를 이용하여 수혜자의 혈액을 관류함으로써 공급자의 자연 항체를 흡수 제거하는 방법은 이종 이식 후 발생하는 초급성 거부반응을 줄일 수 있으리라 생각한다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제30권11호
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• pp.1021-1032
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• 2020

전 세계적으로 반려동물과 반려동물 양육 인구는 증가하고 있으며 이와 관련된 사업은 고급화, 전문화되고 있다. 특히, 개는 사람과 수 천년 동안 공생하고 있으며 이들은 탄수화물 식이와 더불어 사람과 비슷한 생활 방식을 영위하고 있다. 주거와 음식을 공유하며 형성된 강력한 유대관계를 통해 사람은 반려견에 대한 책임감 및 정서적 안정을 느끼며 반려견은 사람을 의지하는 행동을 보인다. 하지만 사람과 반려견 사이에는 식이와 관련된 스트레스가 존재한다. 반려견은 본질적으로 육식성이므로, 반려견에게 영양학적으로 균형 잡힌 식이와 기능성 물질들을 제공하는 것은 그들의 건강을 위한 장내 미생물 군집 유지에 매우 중요하다고 할 수 있다. 장내미생물은 병원균과 같은 외부 유해인자로부터 반려견을 보호하고 면역계를 조절, 생리학적 항상성에도 관여하기 때문에 최근 높은 관심을 받고 있다. 비정상적인 장내미생물 군집 형성은 장질환, 대사질환, 정신질환, 신경계 질환의 병리적 과정과 증상에 영향을 미칠 뿐만 아니라 반려견의 질병은 사람에게 기회감염을 통해 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서 반려견의 장내미생물의 조성, 다양성뿐만 아니라 장내미생물과 질병 사이의 상관성에 대하여 논의하고자 한다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.87-94
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• 2013

본 회고 연구에서는 동맥관 개존증에 이환된 개에서 심장중재술을 통한 치료증례의 임상적 특징과 치료예후를 조사하였다. 환축의 구성을 보면, 말티스와 암컷이 차지하는 비중이 컸다. Bounding pulse와 좌심저부의 심잡음이 가장 대표적인 신체검사 소견이며, differential cyanosis은 매우 드물게 관찰되었다. 심전도상 특징은 좌심종대소견과 동성빈맥이였다. 흉부방사선상 좌심실 종대와 대동맥 확장을 동반한 triple bumps가 대표적인 소견이 였다. 심초음파상 특징은 좌심실 종대를 동반한 폐동맥 단축단면상 심각한 와류 소견이였으며, 다수의 환자에서 이첨판 역류 소견도 관찰되었다. 37증례 중 32증례에서 thromboemolic coils (TCE)이나 Amplatz canine ductal occluder (ACDO)를 이용한 심장 중제술적 치료가 실시되었다. 일시적인 혈색소뇨가 관찰되었고 장착된 코일이나 ACDO가 이탈되는 부작용이 확인되었다. 하지만 장기 관찰이 가능했던 29증례에서 특별한 부작용은 관찰되지 않았다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.735-751
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• 1996

An ultimate goal of periodontal therapy is to stop the disease process and to regenerate a functionally-oriented periodontium destroyed as a result of periodontal disease. The purpose of this study was to observe the effect of grafting granulation tissue obtained from extraction socket on the regeneration of horizontal furcation defect. Six dogs were used in this study. All mandibular first and third premolars were extracted. At 2, 3, and 5 days after extraction, tissues were obtained from extraction socket of 1 mongrel dog and examined by light microscope. Granulation tissue obtained at 5 days after extraction was chosen as the graft material. Five days later, horizontal furcation defects were created surgically at mandibular second and fourth premolars in the right and left side of the 5 beagle dogs. The entrance area of the artificially prepared "key hole" defects were about $3\;4mm^2$. By random selections, 2 exposed furcation defects were grafted with granulation tissue obtained from extraction socket as experimental group and 1 furcation defect was as control. The flaps were replaced to their original position and sutured with 4-0 chromic cat-gut. Three dogs were sacrificed 4 weeks and two dogs 8 weeks after surgery, and the prepared specimens were examined by light microscope. At 4 weeks, furcations were filled with epithelial lining and fibrous connective tissue infiltrated with chronic inflammatory cells. New bone formation was observed in all groups. Only experimental group showed new cementum formation. At 8 weeks, new cementum, functional arrangement of new PDL fiber, root resorption, and some ankylotic union of newly formed alveolar bone and root surface were observed in all groups. Experimental group showed that epithelial downgrowth was inhibited and new bone formation was more active compared to control. The success rate of the furcation defect healing was higher in experimental group than control. These results suggested that grafting of granulation tissue obtained from extraction socket which combined with reconstructive periodontal flap surgery may promote periodontal regeneration of horizontal furcation defect.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.470-473
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• 2012

말라세지아성 외이염에 대한 아로마치료법 (아로마오일)과 약침치료법 (아피톡신)을 적용하여 임상증상 개선효과를 알아보기 위해 본 연구를 실시하였다. 실험군 5두는 아로마치료와 약침을 실시하였고 대조군 5두는 케토코나졸을 적용하였다. 임상증상은 대조군과 실험군에서 치료 전에 비해 각각 치료 후 2주 후에 유의성 있는 개선효과를 나타내었다 (p < 0.01, p < 0.05). ALT 수치는 대조군에서 치료 전에 비해 치료 후 1주, 2주 후에 각각 유의성 있는 증가소견을 나타내었다 (p < 0.05, p < 0.01). 실험군의 ALT 수치의 변화는 대조군에 비해 치료 1주 후, 2주 후에 각각 유의성 있는 감소소견을 나타내었다 (p < 0.05, p < 0.01). 결론적으로 말라세지아성 외이염에 대한 아로마치료법(아로마 오일)과 약침치료법은 효과가 있으며 대조군에 비해 간독성은 적은 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.1-28
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• 1990

The severe atrophic edentulism with poor neuromuscular control militates against successful conventional denture therapy. To such situation, a prescribing of dental implant treatment has been considered with some probability. Implant materials used as a trial for dental implants includes metals, plastic polymers and ceramics. The purpose of this study was to observe histologic response in osseointegration process at titanium implant-tissue interface based on biocompatibility at specific period of sequential natures which were divided into a half month, one, month, two months, three months and immediate as a base line. In this study, unilateral lower left premolar and molar teeth were extraced in three dogs. After allowing to heal for 6 months, three kinds of osseointegrated implant, $Br{\aa}nemark$, Corevent and kimplant(a prototype of SNU implant study)were inserted in each dog respectively according to the above sequence from front to back. The specimens were taken from those dogs at the same time since implant were inserted quite reverse order of the specified periods, and decalcified and processed for histologic examination for the light microscopy and the electron microscopy. The microscopic histologic findings at the interface between titanium implants and tissue were interpretated as follows : A. Light microscopic findings : a. Immediate : Implant were surrounded by compact bone and spongy bone. Microcrak was observed in the superficial bone tissue. Osteocytes were disappeared and bone lacunae were observed as a vacant space in some parts. In the contacting with the spongy bone, bone trabeculae and bone marrow were in contact with the implant. b. A half Month : Osteoblasts exist as a monolayer in th inner bone trabeculae and do bone additiocn. Osteoblasts&inflammatory cells were observed in some parts. c. One Month : The presence of osteoclasts decreased. Osteoblasts did active bone fromation, and bone marrow was in contact with the implant in the many places. d. Two Months : Bone formation was advanced in comparison with the b and c. The presence of osteoclsts was not observed. e. Three Months : The superficial bone tissue contacted with the implants was entirely composed by the compact bone. B. Electron microscopic findings : a. A half month and one month group : In the parts of the active bone formation, osteoblasts with the well developed endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus were arranged in the monolayer. In the parts of the bone resorption, ruffled border was well developed and many osteoclasts with the well-developed golgi apparatus, mitochondria, vacuole, vesicle and lysosome were existed. b. Three months group : No osteoblasts were observed in the superficial bone tissue. Bone matrix with collaen fiber was observed. c. No significant dirrerence in the histologic findings was observed in $Br{\aa}nemark$, Core-vent and kimplant.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.15-19
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• 2004

치료 실시중 세균의 항생제 내성 발현은 임상 분야의 중요한 문제점중 하나인데 중요한 원인중 하나는 원인세균의 분리와 그에 따른 항생제 감수성 검사 결과에 바탕을 두지 않은 무분별하며 적절치 않은 항생제를 선택함에 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 대학동물 병원에 내원한 임상증례로부터 채취한 임상검체에서 협기성 세균을 분리 동정하고 항생제 감수성 양상을 검사하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 2001년 5월부터 2002년 10월까지 서울대학교 동물병원에 내원한 개, 고양이 및 토끼로부터 채취한 임상검체에 대해 협기성 배양을 실시하고 분리 동정된 세균에 대해서는 표준 디스크 검사법을 이용해 항생제 감수성을 평가하였다. 총 13주; Bacteroidesspp. (3주), Fusobacterium spp. (2주), Peptostreptococcus spp. (2주), Porphyromonas gingivalis (2주), Prevotella spp. (3주), Propionibacterium acnes (1주)의 혐기성 세균이 분리동정 되었으며 항생제 감수성 검사에서는 Fusobucterium varium 1주만이 norfloxacin 에 저항성을 나타내었으나 그 외 모든 분리주가 검사대상 항생제에 대한 감수성이 있는 것으로 나타났다.