• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.173-181
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• 2019

Objectives: The resin infiltration technique is a promising alternative therapy for arresting the early dental caries. However, there are very few reports on the safety and biocompatibility of this technique. We evaluated various properties of resin infiltrant (RI) based on a triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA).The water sorption (Wsp) and water solubility (Wsl) was assessed. Additionally, the cytotoxicity of RI against both animal and human fibroblast cell lines was investigated. Methods: The RI of the $Icon^{(R)}$, the first product developed for resin infiltration, is mainly composed of TEGDMA in the resin matrix. The Wsp and Wsl for the RI were measured in accordance with ISO 4049 specifications. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used for analyzing the polymerization before and after curing of RI. The cytotoxicity of RI against the mouse fibroblasts (L929) and human gingival fibroblasts (hTERT-hNOF) was evaluated using MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay and the data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance. Results: Wsp and Wsl of the RI specimens were $53.37{\mu}g/mm^3$ and $10.6{\mu}g/mm^3$, respectively. FTIR analysis revealed a slightly higher degree of curing with longer irradiation time. The degree of conversion for RI was high (80.9%) after 40 seconds of light curing. There was a significant decrease in the viability of L929 and hTERT-hNOF cells at RI extraction solution concentrations above 50%, respectively, compared to that in the negative control (p< 0.05). Conclusions: Even though the RI exhibited positive effect on the early prevention of dental caries, the clinicians should also consider the toxicity of RI on periodontal tissues.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.108-115
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• 2018

Purpose: Glehnia littoralis has been reported to have several pharmacological properties but no in vivo reports describing the protective effects of this plant on${\alpha}$-amanitin-induced hepatotoxicity have been published. ${\alpha}$-Amanitin is a peptide found in several mushroom species that accounts for the majority of severe mushroom poisonings leading to severe hepatonecrosis. In our previous in vitro study, we found that ${\alpha}$-amanitin induced oxidative stress, which may contribute to its severe hepatotoxicity. The aim of this study was to investigate whether Glehnia littoralis acetate extract (GLEA) has protective antioxidant effects on ${\alpha}$-amanitin-induced hepatotoxicity in a murine model. Methods: Swiss mice (n=40 in all groups) were divided into four groups (n=10/group). Three hours after giving ${\alpha}$-amanitin (0.6 mg/kg, i.p.) to the mice, they were administered silibinin (50 mg/kg/d, i.p.) or Glehnia littoralis ethyl acetate extract (100 mg/kg/d, oral) therapies once a day for 3 days. After 72 hours of treatment, each subject was killed, cardiac blood was aspirated for hepatic aminotransferase measurement, and liver specimens were harvested to evaluate the extent of hepatonecrosis. The degree of hepatonecrosis was assessed by a pathologist blinded to the treatment group and divided into 4 categories according to the grade of hepatonecrosis. Results: GLEA significantly improved the beneficial functional parameters in ${\alpha}$-amanitin-induced hepatotoxicity. In the histopathological evaluation, the toxicity that was generated with ${\alpha}$-amanitin was significantly reduced by GLEA, showing a possible hepatoprotective effect. Conclusion: In this murine model, Glehnia littoralis was effective in limiting hepatic injury after ${\alpha}$-amanitin poisoning. Increases of aminotransferases and degrees of hepatonecrosis were attenuated by this antidotal therapy.

• Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.699-709
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• 2018

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus is a major health concern in current scenario which has been found to affect people of almost all ages. The disease has huge impact on global health; therefore, alternate methods apart from insulin injection are being explored to cure diabetes. Therefore, this review mainly focuses on the current status and therapeutic potential of stem cells mainly mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for Type 1 diabetes mellitus in preclinical animal models as well as humans. METHODS: Current treatment for Type 1 diabetes mellitus mainly includes use of insulin which has its own limitations and also the underlying mechanism of diseases is still not explored. Therefore, alternate methods to cure diabetes are being explored. Stem cells are being investigated as an alternative therapy for treatment of various diseases including diabetes. Few preclinical studies have also been conducted using undifferentiated MSCs as well as in vitro MSCs differentiated into ${\beta}$ islet cells. RESULTS: These stem cell transplant studies have highlighted the benefits of MSCs, which have shown promising results. Few human trials using stem cells have also affirmed the potential of these cells in alleviating the symptoms. CONCLUSION: Stem cell transplantation may prove to be a safe and effective treatment for patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.235-239
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• 2022

A 10-year-old neutered male Siberian Husky presented with paraparesis and severe lethargy. On physical examination, the patient was unable to weight-bear and walk and exhibited significant muscle mass loss in both hindlimbs and generalized truncal alopecia with a dull coat of hair. On neurological examination, cranial lumbar vertebral pain, hind limb cross-extensor reflex, delayed hindlimb postural reaction, upper motor neuron bladder dysfunction, and total absence of cutaneous trunci reflex were identified. Computed tomography revealed diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis and spondylosis deformans of the cervical and thoracolumbar vertebrae. In addition, a generalized decrease in bone mineral density of the vertebrae was identified. Magnetic resonance imaging showed hyperplasia of the epidural fat compressing the spinal cord in the thoracolumbar region and concurrent mild multiple intervertebral disc herniations. No specific findings were observed in cerebrospinal fluid analysis. Blood analysis of thyroid function revealed decreased total T4 and free T4 levels, and increased TSH levels. The patient was tentatively diagnosed with spinal epidural lipomatosis (SEL) secondary to hypothyroidism. The patient was treated with levothyroxine, firocoxib, and gabapentin. Clinical signs gradually improved, and the patient showed normal ambulation 40 days after treatment initiation. SEL is extremely rare in dogs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of SEL secondary to hypothyroidism that was treated conservatively. Secondary SEL can be sufficiently managed by treating the underlying cause, if possible.

• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.29-38
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• 2021

Background and objective: The physical environment where children spend most of their time is closely associated with their emotional development. To improve the emotional health of children, the introduction of natural elements in the indoor space has been suggested, the benefits of which have been shown in preliminary studies. This study aims to examine the effects that a biowall - a wall installation - in a classroom has on the emotional health of children in kindergarten. Methods: A total of four biowalls were separately installed in four kindergarten classrooms at a school in Seoul, South Korea, and the 60 children in these classrooms participated in the study. We assessed the children's emotional intelligence (via an Emotional Intelligence Rating Scale), resilience (via the Devereux Early Childhood Assessment), and eco-friendly attitudes (via the Children's Attitudes Toward Scale) before the installation of the biowalls and then again 3 months later. Results: The children's emotional intelligence, resilience, and eco-friendly attitudes had been significantly improved after the installation of the biowalls (p = .01). The sub-categories of the children's emotional intelligence and resilience were also significantly improved (p < .001). Conclusion: This study demonstrates the potential of biowalls-as an indoor environmental factor-in promoting the healthy emotional development of children. By bringing natural elements into indoor classroom settings, biowalls appear to increase children's direct/indirect contact with nature. To extrapolate the results of the study to the general population, future studies should be conducted with broader age groups.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.9.1-9.15
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• 2020

Regenerative therapy holds great promise in the development of cures of some untreatable diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, and pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) including induced PSCs (iPSCs) are the most important regenerative seed cells. Recently, differentiation of human PSCs into functional tissues and cells in vitro has been widely reported. However, although porcine reports are rare they are quite essential, as the pig is an important animal model for the in vitro generation of human organs. In this study, we reprogramed porcine embryonic fibroblasts into porcine iPSCs (piPSCs), and differentiated them into cluster of differentiation 31 (CD31)-positive endothelial cells (ECs) (piPSC-derived ECs, piPS-ECs) using an optimized single-layer culture method. During differentiation, we observed that a combination of GSK3β inhibitor (CHIR99021) and bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) promoted mesodermal differentiation, resulting in higher proportions of CD31-positive cells than those from separate CHIR99021 or BMP4 treatment. Importantly, the piPS-ECs showed comparable morphological and functional properties to immortalized porcine aortic ECs, which are capable of taking up low-density lipoprotein and forming network structures on Matrigel. Our study, which is the first trial on a species other than human and mouse, has provided an optimized single-layer culture method for obtaining ECs from porcine PSCs. Our approach can be beneficial when evaluating autologous EC transplantation in pig models.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.24.1-24.16
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• 2023

This review aimed to answer the following question "Does photobiomodulation treatment of the root surface decrease the occurrence of root resorption in reimplanted teeth?" Electronic searches were performed in the MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Grey Literature Report databases. Risk of bias was evaluated using SYRCLE Risk of Bias tool. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) tool was used to assess the certainty of evidence. In total, 6 studies were included. Five studies reported a reduced occurrence of root resorption in teeth that received photobiomodulation treatment of the root surface prior to replantation. Only 1 study reported contradictory results. The photobiomodulation parameters varied widely among studies. GRADE assessment showed a low certainty of evidence. It can be inferred that photobiomodulation treatment of the root surface prior to replantation of teeth can reduce the occurrence of root resorption. Nonetheless, further clinical studies are needed.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.245-252
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• 2024

Ginseng is a traditional herbal medicine used for prevention and treatment of various diseases as a tonic. Recent scientific cohort studies on life prolongation with ginseng consumption support this record, as those who consumed ginseng for more than 5 years had reduced mortality and cognitive decline compared to those who did not. Clinical studies have also shown that acute or long-term intake of ginseng total extract improves acute working memory performance or cognitive function in healthy individuals and those with subjective memory impairment (SMI), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), or early Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia who are taking AD medication(s). Ginseng contains various components ranging from classical ginsenosides and polysaccharides to more recently described gintonin. However, it is unclear which ginseng component(s) might be the main candidate that contribute to memory or cognitive improvements or prevent cognitive decline in older individuals. This review describes recent clinical contributors to ginseng components in clinical tests and introduces emerging evidence that ginseng components could be novel candidates for cognitive improvement in older individuals, as ginseng components improve SMI cognition and exhibits add-on effects when coadministered with early AD dementia drugs. The mechanism behind the beneficial effects of ginseng components and how it improves cognition are presented. Additionally, this review shows how ginseng components can contribute to SMI, MCI, or early AD dementia when used as a supplementary food and/or medicine, and proposes a novel combination therapy of current AD medicines with ginseng component(s).

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.227-245
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• 1998

방사선치료 성과의 기준을 정량적으로 평가할 수 있는 종양치유확율 (Tumor Control Probability)과 정상조직 손상확율(Normal Tissue complication Probability)의 수학적 관계식을 유도하여 방사선업체조형치료 (3-D conformal radiotherapy) 효과를 평가하며 간단한 동물실험과 임상결과를 참고하여 종양치료성적의 예측과 종양선량의 증가 및 치료의 질적상황을 정량적 척도로 평가하고져한다. 방사선량과 체적크기에 민감한 병렬반응구조 (Parallel architecture)로 구성된 장기중 발생빈도가 많은 간종양을 대상으로 업체조형치료방법에 따른 체적선량분포도 (Dose Volume Histogram)를 3차원 방사선치료계획 컴퓨터(ADAC-Pinnacle #3)를 이용하여 계산하고 각 선량에 대한 체적분포를 판별이 쉽도록 도표화하였다. 종양치유확율(Tumor Control Probability)과 정상조직 손상확율(Normal Tissue complication Probability)은 방사선량에 대한 세포생존곡선의 오차함수 (error function)를 기본수식으로하고 선량 체적인자를 삽입한 반실험식으로 구성되었으며 실효선량 또는 실효체적에 따라 각각 계산하였다. 정상간의 실질적 손상을 관찰하기 위하여 방사선치료를 받은 환자의 통계와 계획적 연구를 위하여 황구를 이용하였다. 방사선조사방법은 대항2문, 쐐기 3문, 4문 회전업체치료와 비회전축 5문입체조형치료로 구분하였으며 업체조형치료는 컴퓨터 조종형 선형가속기 (Varian Clinac-2100C/D)와 다엽콜리메이터(Multi Leaf Collimator, MLC-52LS)를 이용하였다. 방사선조사방법에 따른 체적선량분포 (DVH)는 종양과 주위건강조직에대한 체적과 방사선량을 직관적으로 판단할수있었다. 간종양의 방사선치료에서 TCP와 NTCP 의 체적인자는 0.32를 이용하였고 대항2문 입체치료 및 5문입체치료에서 종양중심선량 50Gy일 때 종양의 TCP는 각각 0.763과 0.793 이였으며 정상간의 NTCP는 각각 0.156와 0.008로서 수치상 완전 구별이 가능하였고 종양 투여 선량이 70Gy 일 때 종양의 TCP 는 각각 0.982 와 0.995로서 종양치유에 충분한 선량이며 정상간의 NTCP 는 각각 0.725 와 0.142로서 현저한 차이가 있었다. 간손상은 간염유발을 기준으로 하였으며 간손상정도와 NTCP의 관계는 상호비례하였고 일정한 발기점(Threshold value)을 구할수 있었다. DVH 와 확율적 수학식인 TCP, NTCP 동은 방사선치료성과를 판단할 수 있는 정량적분석방법으로 가능성이 있다고 생각된다. 또한 건강조직을 최대한 보호하고 종양에 집중 방사선을 조사할 수 있는 입체조형치료는 간, 폐, 신장등 방사선 병렬반응장기에 적합하며 DVH와 TCP, NTCP등 수학적 척도를 이용하여 평가함으로서 치료성과의 예측, 종양선량의 증가(Dose escalation), 방사선수술의 지표 및 방사선치료의 질적상황을 정량적 숫치로 평가할 수 있어 방사선치료성과 향상에 기여 할 수 있다고 생각한다.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.772-783
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• 2015

본 연구는 컬러푸드 채소류를 활용한 원예활동과 영양교육을 실시하여 채소편식을 감소시키고 정서지능을 향상 시키고자 하였다. 컬러푸드 채소류 원예활동은 유치원 7차 교육과정의 건강생활영역을 기초로 하여 영양교육의 요소들을 적용하였고, 유아의 지속적인 식습관의 개선과 효과를 위해 가정과 연계한 학부모교육 프로그램을 통합 실시하였다. 연구대상은 서울시에 소재한 어린이집의 만 4세반 유아들로 총 70명을 대상으로 실시하였다. 원예활동 영양교육군은 컬러푸드 채소류 원예활동과 영양교육을 실시하였고, 영양교육군은 영양교육만 실시하였으며 대조군은 원예활동과 영양교육 모두를 실시하지 않았다. 연구기간은 2011년 9월부터 12월까지 주 1회 60분씩 총 12회 실시하였다. 유아용 영양지식검사 결과는 대조군에 비해 영양교육군과 원예활동 영양교육군의 영양지식은 향상되었으며, 특히 원예활동 영양교육군에서 더욱 유의하게 향상되었다. 편식행동에서는 대조군에 비해 원예활동 영양교육군에서 유의한 감소를 보였다. 또한 채소선호도에서도 원예활동 영양교육군은 채소류의 선호도 증가에 유의한 향상을 보였다. 정서지능에서는 하위항목인 자기인식, 자기조절, 타인인식, 타인조절에서 자기인식과 타인인식에서는 대조군, 영양교육군과 원예활동 영양교육군 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 반면 자기조절에서 대조군에 비해 영양교육군과 원예활동 영양교육군의 점수가 높았지만, 영양교육군과 원예활동 영양교육군의 사이에서는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 또한, 타인조절에서는 원예활동 영양교육군이 영양교육군 보다 매우 유의하게 향상되었다. 이러한 결과를 볼 때 영양교육만을 실시한 유아들 보다 원예활동을 실시한 유아들이 채소와 과일의 색에 자연스럽게 반응하고 즐거워하는 정서적 감성과 컬러푸드 채소를 직접 키워보는 원예활동을 통해 자발적인 섭취를 하게 되어 채소편식이 감소되는 결과를 알 수 있다. 그러므로 본연구의 컬러푸드 채소류 원예활동은 채소 편식으로 인한 유아의 건강의 불균형 문제점을 해결하는데 효과적인 대안이 될 수 있을 것이라 생각한다.