• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.710-718
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• 2002

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between fatigue, and self-efficacy in patients with lung cancer. Method: The data was collected from January 21th to April 8th 2001. The study subjects were recruited from K hospital in Pusan, Korea. Their fatigue was measured using the 22-item Revised Piper Fatigue Scale developed by Piper et al. (1998) and translated by the investigators, and self-efficacy was measured using the 10-item General Self-efficacy Questionnaire developed by Lee, Schwarzer & Jerusalem. The data were analyzed by SPSS 10.0 program using frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Post-hoc test (Scheffe's test), and Pearson Correlation Coefficients. Result: 1) The mean fatigue score was $118.48{\pm}33.02$ (range: 22-220). The scores for sub-dimension were $35.40{\pm}10.06$ in behavior/severity, $25.98{\pm}9.06$ in affective score, $27.88{\pm}10.06$ in sensory score, and $29.22{\pm}8.27$ in cognitive/mood. The mean self-efficacy score was $28.80{\pm}5.85$. 2). There were significant differences in the fatigue of patients with lung cancer on income per month (F=4.651, p= .014), 'present pain' (F=2.601, p= .012), 'change of weight' (F=5.911, p= .005), by general characteristics. 3) There were significant differences in the self-efficacy of patients with lung cancer on 'religion' (F=3.732, p= .031), 'employment status' (F=5.525, p= .003), 'past therapy' (F=2.869, p= .034), by general characteristics 4) There was a significant negative correlation between fatigue and self-efficacy (r=- .528, p= .000). Conclusion: Patients with lung cancer experience fatigue. Increased fatigue is associated with decreased self-efficacy. Nurses must provide patients with nursing care for the less occurrence of fatigue and interventions to manage self-efficacy for them.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.41
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• pp.26.1-26.7
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• 2019

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate clinical and pharmacoepidemiologic characteristics of medicationrelated osteonecrosis of the jaw. Methods: The study population is comprised of 86patients who were diagnosed with ONJ at Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital from 2008 to 2015. Factors for epidemiologic evaluation were gender, age, location of lesion, and clinical history. The types of bisphosphonates, duration of intake, and the amount of accumulated dose were evaluated for therapeutic response. Clinical symptoms and radiographic images were utilized for the assessment of prognosis. Results: Among the 86 patients, five were male, whereas 81 were female with mean age of 73.98 (range 45-97). Location of the lesion was in the mandible for 58 patients and maxilla in 25 patients. Three patients had both mandible and maxilla affected. This shows that the mandible is more prone to the formation of ONJ lesions compared to the maxilla. ONJ occurred in 38 cases after extraction, nine cases after implant surgery, six cases were denture use, and spontaneously in 33 cases. Seventy-six patients were taking other drugs aside from drugs indicated for osteoporosis. Most of these patients were diagnosed as osteoporosis, rheumatic arthritis, multiple myeloma, or had a history of cancer therapy. Higher weighted total accumulation doses were significantly associated with poorer prognosis (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Dose, duration, route, and relative potency of bisphosphonates are significantly associated with treatment prognosis of osteonecrosis of the jaw.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.267-274
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• 2013

The impact of income and education level on the clinical and pathologic characteristics, implementation of clinical breast examination (CBE), and treatment patterns of a small population of Chinese female breast cancer patients was studeied in order to provide a theoretical basis and statistical reference for further nationwide research. We included 484 pathologically confirmed female primary breast cancer inpatients of the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University from February 2003 to January 2004. All cases were reviewed and relevant information was collected using a designed case report form (CRF). Chisquare tests, rank-sum tests, and Fisher's exact tests were used in the analysis. Our analysis showed that: (1) women in different occupation groups had significant differences in tumor size, pre-operative mammography, surgical options, post-operative estrogen receptor (ER), progestin receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her2) status, and post-operative radiotherapy and chemotherapy (P < 0.05); and (2) women with different education levels had statistically significant differences in tumor size, post-operative ER, PR and Her2 status, and post-operative chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and endocrine therapy (P < 0.05). In Xi'an, China, women in low-income occupations or with low education levels are more likely to have advanced tumor stages at presentation, lower implementation rate of clinical breast examination, and less treatment.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.243-252
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate diabetic knowledge, self-care behaviors, and HbA1c of patients with diabetic mellitus in public hospitals. Methods: Participants were 287 adult patients who had been diagnosed with diabetes in two public hospitals in Seoul. Collected data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation with the SPSS (PASW) 21.0 program. Results: For general characteristics of the participants, there were significant differences in the level of diabetic knowledge according to age (F=11.28, p<.001), educational level (F=11.07, p<.001), type of health insurance (F=9.38, p<.001), and monthly income (t=-4.58, p<.001) and in the self-care behaviors according to age (F=8.61, p<.001) and in HbA1c according to age (F=6.72, p=.001). As for disease related characteristics of the participants, significant differences were found for self-care behaviors according to education about diabetes (t=3.90, p<.001) and in HbA1c according to education about diabetes (t=3.26, p=.001) and current diabetic therapy methods (F=13.51, p<.001). The study results showed that there was no correlation between diabetic knowledge and self-care behavior, or between self-care behavior and HbA1c. Conclusion: Results indicate that when developing preliminary data on nursing intervention education programs on diabetes, increasing diabetic knowledge and self-care behaviors would help to improve blood glucose levels.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.91-102
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to systematically review about randomized controlled trials the characteristics and effect of cognitive function intervention for patient with dementia. We searched studies published from January 2010 to June 2021 in 5 databases. A total 1,104 studies were found and included 27 studies in final analysis. Methodological quality was assessment with the Cochrane's RoB(risk of bias) tool. Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE) was the most used as the assessment tool for identifying the cognitive function. Cognitive function intervention were exercise, art, cognitive stimulation, reminiscence, music, multimodal cognitive rehabilitation, virtual reality, horticultural, computerized cognitive training, intentional snoezelen, beauty, cooking, korean traditional familiarity program. Most of the intervention except exercise 2, virtual reality 1, beauty 1 were effective in improving cognitive function. This study provided a clinical evidence for planning and implementing intervention for cognitive function intervention. In the future, various intervention studies suitable for the characteristics of dementia should be conducted by improving the quality of research methods.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.153-163
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• 2022

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences between uncertainty of chronic diseases and quality of life with regard to elderly people. Methods : The participants of this study were 350 elderly people, aged over 65 years. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS Window program and the general characteristics of the participants and sub-domains of quality of life were analyzed by several frequency analyses and descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis. Further, the differences between the sub-domains of uncertainty and sub-domains of quality of life were analyzed through independent t-test and one-way ANOVA. In order to reach conclusive results, post-test was analyzed by the Scheffe test. In addition, Pearson's correlation analysis was performed to determine the correlation between the target categories. A significance level of 𝛼=.05 was used to verify statistical significance. Results : As a result of examining "uncertainty" with respect to general characteristics, such as older age, low educational background, and chronic diseases, it was observed that the more intense these factors became, the more the level of uncertainty increased. In addition, it was also noted that except "accompanying diseases" in social domain, the participants enjoyed a high level of quality of life. The correlation was noted between domains of complexity and sociality (p<.01), domains of inconsistency and sociality (p<.01), domains of complexity and living environment (p<.01), domains of inconsistency and living environment (p<.01), and total score of uncertainty and total quality of life (p<.01). Conclusion : In this study, differences were found between "uncertainty" and "quality of life" of elderly people; the correlation between the sub-domains based on general traits was found to be negative (-). This suggests that objective evidence can be presented for the prevention of diseases by using mental health programs for the elderly in future.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.377-385
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• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics and grip strength of people with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Methods: This was a retrospective study that analyzed raw data from the first year of the 8th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2019). The study population was 780 people in total, ranging in age from their teens to their 80s. These were people who had been diagnosed with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, and the presence of arthritis in and grip strength of these subjects were determined using the average value of three measurements. Results: According to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, the prevalence of arthritis in Korea was 2.5% in men, 10.7% in women, and 13.1% overall. More women than men had osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, and the number of people with osteoarthritis increased with age. In this study, of those with osteoarthritis, 13.5% were men and 88% were women of those with rheumatoid arthritis, 19.3% were men and 56.3% were women. The number of patients with osteoarthritis increased with age, and rheumatoid arthritis was more common in older people. Subjects with osteoarthritis had lower grip strength than those without the disease, and the older the age at which rheumatoid arthritis was first diagnosed, the lower the grip strength. Conclusion: Grip strength is lower in patients with osteoarthritis than in those without osteoarthritis, and it is possible to estimate the degree to which muscle strength decreases.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.29-46
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• 2013

A survey conducted on 1,103 patients or caretakers visited Korean medical clinics and hospitals between August 25, 2011 to September 30, 2011 by the Ministry of Health and Welfares and Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs was analyzed and obtained following results: 1. For sociodemographic distribution, female(813) outnumbered male(290) patients with majority of patients ranging from 30s to 60s. Married patients(793) outnumbered unwed(150) patients and 65.0% with higher than high school education. Statistical significance was seen in gender, age, marital status, and education level but no significant difference for status of employment, income level, and types of insurance between the clinics and hospitals. (P<0.05). 45.1% had less than \2,000,000 in monthly salary and most of coverage was provided by either regional or work insurance. 2. 67.9% of the patients rated health conditions to be better than average and 32.1% listed as poor. People in good health showed tendency to visit Korean medical facilities. Musculo-skeletal conditions such as arthritis, ankle sprain, lumbago, muscular injury, and frozen shoulder were common conditions, followed by gastric disorders, common cold and herbal tonics. No significant difference was observed between the clinics and hospitals for above conditions, but significance was seen in atopic dermatitis, stroke, and sequela from traffic accidents (P<0.05). 3. Ten most common conditions addressed at Korean medical facilities were lumbago, arthritis, muscular injury, back sprain, gastric disorders, ankle sprain, common cold, herbal tonics, frozen shoulder and stroke. Major treatment modalities rendered were herbal medicine, herbal supplements, acupuncture and moxibustion, cupping, tuina, and Korean midical physical therapy. No significant difference existed between the clinics and hospitals. 4. All modalities showed at least 85% effectiveness. No statistical significant difference between the clinics and hospitals except for herbal decoction. (P=0.0452) 5. 88.3% of responses showed treatment satisfaction with significant difference between the clinics and hospitals (P=0.002). The occurrence of side effects was at 2%, mostly corning from treating digestive, skin, kidney disorders and neurological issues. No significant difference was observed between the clinics and hospitals. From the above results, the typical population visiting Korean medical facilities can be summarized as being middle aged female with relatively higher education and moderately low income. The health condition is generally good and the purpose of visit is to receive traditional treatments of acupuncture, herbal medicine, and physical therapy. Treatment efficacy and satisfaction were high with no significant differences between the clinics and hospitals.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.65-80
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• 2021

Objective : This study aimed to develop a Korean version of the HLS-EU-Q47 that deals with the concept of health literacy based on the understanding, apply/use, process/appraisal, and access/obtain to health information. The purpose of this study is to confirm the level of comprehensive health literacy of the elderly in Korea using this tool. Methods : After going through the Korean interpretation process of HLS-EU-Q47, the items were confirmed through content validity verification by experts. The completed Korean-HLS-EU-Q47 (K-HLS-EU-Q47) was applied to 254 elderly people in the local community to analyze the degree of internal consistency and reliability. Furthermore, a comparative analysis based on the general variables was conducted. Results : The internal consistency of this tool for the elderly yielded Cronbach's 𝛼 of .81~.91, indicating a high level of reliability. There was a difference in health literacy according to sex and age based on general characteristics. Men had higher health literacy than women, and with increasing age, health literacy decreased. Conclusion : In this study, the K-HLS-EU-Q47 was developed to assess the comprehensive health literacy level of the elderly in Korea. It is expected that the search for ways to maintain a healthier life for the elderly through understanding the health literacy levels of the elderly using the results of this study will become more active.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.55-68
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• 2022

Objective : This review aimed to provide information for clinical application by confirming the principles and characteristics of the tool through a review of tongue movement and measurement tools for patients with swallowing disorders. Results : We identified 15 tools used as tongue exercises and measurement tools in the field of dysphagia. According to principle, the tools were classified as either a bulb sensor, resistive sensor sheet, mouthpiece with sensor, or other techniques. The bulb sensor was easy to use but had limitations in fixing the position when measuring tongue pressure. The resistive sensor sheet could be measured at a more stable position than the bulb sensor. A mouthpiece with a sensor could be used in an individual's oral cavity such that the position was fixed when measuring the tongue pressure. Other techniques had the advantage of being wireless and capable of sensing light. Conclusion : Based on this literature review, it is necessary to facilitate the selection of the best tool for quantitative tongue measurement in dysphagia. The review can also be used to develop a Korean tongue movement tool model that can be used in hospitals and community centers.