• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.179-198
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• 2003

If see disaster administration system of our country, start in terms of is coping by countermeasure after four immediately after disaster occurrence many problems blessing with a sons by tribe and so on of link nature between formation, disaster administration complete charge utensil's absence, disaster charge manpower and budget be indicated and join. If examine improvement way accordingly, is as following ; Necessity of synthetic disaster administration system, Fire fighting formation's independence guarantee, Integration of fire fighting connection similarity business, Disaster administration's permanent establishment complete charge utensil's necessity, Disaster administration midautumn complete charge utensil at a metropolitan autonomous fire fighting system reorganization, Role division of labor between center and local government, Disaster administration professional human strength positivity, Disaster administration information system construction practical use, Equipment and improvement of budget state, Education public information for safety culture consciousness fixing, Internationalization of fire fighting business, globalization propulsion, Structure, member of rescue confrontation system and efficiency. Fire fighting environment is changing greatly, and fire fighting must become center to correspond to do confrontation that do one thing troble when produce disaster.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.479-486
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• 2023

본 연구는 간호대학생의 MBTI 선호지표에 따른 갈등관리유형의 차이를 확인하기 위한 서술적 조사연구이다 자료수집은 2023년 8월 30일부터 9월 30일까지였다. 자료분석은 independent t-test, One-way ANOVA, Scheffe's를 시행하였다. 연구결과 갈등관리유형에 유의미한 차이를 보이는 MBTI지표 중 에너지 방향에서 I는 E보다 회피가 높았다(t=-3.776, p<0.01). 의사결정기능의 경우 F가 T보다 양보(t=-3.478, p<0.01)와 회피(t=-3.389, p<0.01)가 높았고, T가 F보다 지배가 높았다(t=2.070, p<0.5). 외부생활 대처양식의 경우 J가 P보다 협력(t=2.756, p<0.01)과 타협(t=2.044, p<0.5)이 높았다. MBTI의 심리기능유형에서는 NF형이 ST형보다 양보가 높았고(F=4.174, p<0.05), SF형이 ST형보다 회피가 높았다(F=4.202, p<0.05). MBTI 의사결정기능 유형과 외부생활 대처양식을 조합해서 갈등관리유형의 차이를 분석한 결과는 FJ형이 FP형 보다 협력이(F=2.907, p<0.05), FJ형이 TP형보다 양보가(F=4.662, p<0.01), FJ형이 TJ형보다 회피가 높았다(F=3.327, p<0.05). MBTI의 태도지표는 EJ형이 EP형 보다 협력이 높았고(F=2.817, p<0.05), IP형이 EP형 보다 회피가 유의미하게 높았다(F=4.551, p<0.01). 본 연구에서는 현재까지 국내에서는 연구되지 않은 MBTI 의사결정기능 유형(F,T)과 외부생활대처양식(J,P)을 조합해서 갈등관리유형의 차이를 확인한 것에 의의가 있다. 후속연구에서는 본 연구결과를 반영하여 대상자 수를 확대한 MBTI 성격유형별 갈등관리유형에 대한 연구, MBTI 지표 및 성격유형별 갈등관리 프로그램개발과 프로그램 효과성 분석 연구를 제언한다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2005년도 ICCAS
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• pp.1577-1580
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• 2005

With remarkable growth of using Internet, attempts to try intrusions on network are now increasing. Intrusion Detection System is a security system which detects and copes illegal intrusions. Especially with increasing dispersive attacks through network, concerns for this Distributed Intrusion Detection are also rising. The previous Intrusion Detection System has difficulty in coping cause it detects intrusions only on particular network and only same segment. About same attacks, system lacks capacity of combining information and related data. Also it lacks cooperations against intrusions. Systematic and general security controls can make it possible to detect intrusions and deal with intrusions and predict. This paper considers Distributed Intrusion Detection preventing attacks and suggests the way sending active packets between nodes safely and performing in corresponding active node certainly. This study suggested improved E-IDS system which prevents service attacks and also studied sending messages safely by encoding. Encoding decreases security attacks in active network. Also described effective ways of dealing intrusions when misuses happens thorough case study. Previous network nodes can't deal with hacking and misuses happened in the middle nodes at all, cause it just encodes ends. With above suggested ideas, problems caused by security services can be improved.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.289-294
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• 2015

In order to make digital processing of facial color, standardization methods of photographing and observational requirements and gloss-detecting are done through preceding papers and actual experiences. Examiner's observational informations should be contained with original and temporary color, normalcy and deviation range and gloss. And these are interrelated with time, interior and exterior temperature, emotional state, so should be recorded too. Picturing procedure should be controlled in simple and practical but objective way. Just water cleansing, 15 to 20 minute resting, prohibiton of moisturizing of examinee are common for examiner. Temperature and moisture, width, light source requirement, brightness, polarizing filter of parlor and camera-to-object distance, posture of examinee are should be recorded. In addition, pre and post-revision of color and manifestation of color space after taking images are needed coping with construction of diagnostic database.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.470-478
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• 2008

완전도재 수복물은 뛰어난 심미성을 가지고 있어, 환자들의 심미적 욕구를 충족시킬 수 있다. 이러한 도재관을 제작함에 있어 CAD/CAM 시스템을 이용하는 것은 시간과 비용을 절약할 수 있는 장점을 가지고 있으며, 정밀도 또한 점차 높아지고 있다. 특히 변연적합도는 수복물의 성공 여부에 중요한 요소이고, 이 분야에 대한 실험적 연구는 많이 보고되고 있으나 임상적인 연구는 아직 미흡한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 CAD/CAM 시스템의 하나인 $Procera^{(R)}$ AllCeram 시스템의 변연적합도를 실제 환자의 수복물 상에서 측정함으로써 임상에 사용되는 CAD/CAM 시스템의 변연적합도를 연구하고자 하였다. 단국대학교 치과병원 보철과에 내원한 56명, 101개의 지대치에 대해 코핑 상태와 최종수복물의 변연오차를 입체광학현미경으로 측정하고 비교분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 실험 결과, 코핑의 변연오차 ($53.84{\pm}38.83\;{\mu}m$)보다 최종 수복물에서의 변연오차 ($45.82{\pm}30.84\;{\mu}m$)가 더 낮은 값을 나타났으며, 이는 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다 (P < .05). 각 측정 지점간 비교에서 역시 모든 변연에서 코핑 의 변연오차가 최종 수복물에서의 변연오차보다 더 높은 값을 나타냈으며, 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다 (P < .05). 구치부의 변연오차는 전치부의 변연오차보다 더 높은 값을 나타냈으나, 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다. 설측 변연의 경우, 근심, 원심, 순측 변연의 오차보다 더 높은 값을 나타냈으며, 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다 (P < .05). 이상의 결과로 보아 $Procera^{(R)}$ 시스템의 Allceram 관의 변연적합도는 임상적 허용 범위 내에 있었으며, 특히 도재 축성후 변연적합도 는 더 우수해지는 것으로 나타났으며, 각 변연 중 설측 변연의 오차가 가장 큰 것은 주모형의 정보 입력시 순측 부위의 특성상 일어나는 오류로 사료된다. $Procera^{(R)}$ 시스템 Allceram 관 수복시 설측 변연에 더욱 주의를 기울이는 것이 좋은 변연적합을 얻는 데 도움이 될 것으로 사료되며, 앞으로 주모형 변연 부위의 변곡 정도에 따른 변연오차에 대한 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.123-135
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to analyze the structural pattern of nurses' pain management with patients who experience pain. As a research method, the Q methodology, which is useful for an objective view of a highly abstract concept, was applied. The data collecting activity of this study was from August, 21st, 2000 to November, 24th 2000. The Q-population, the previous thesis and a literature review were done. Questions about pain management by the nurse on the patients, caregivers, nursing students, doctors, nurses, and others were asked in documentary work and in-depth interviews. In all, 223 units of the Q-population were formed, and the last 35 units of the Q-population were extracted. The data on the P-sample was collected from 41 nurses who worked in the medical and surgical units of a hospital that belonges to C university in Seoul. The research results were constituted in 3 types. Type I was the 'pattern of judging by objectivity'. The statement on which most of the people highly agreed for those patterns was shown by 'If patients said that they are suffering from pain, we sufficiently performed an assessment about the etiology, location, duration and degree'. For type I, the same pain was found in different locations according to the patients, so the etiology of the pain should be identified first place. Since ways of coping are different according to pain etiology, it was thought that it is important to assess sufficiently the pain etiology, location, duration, and degree. Therefore, when patients complain of pain, the pain etiology should be identified and assessed; according to the result, pain management should be performed systematically. Type II was the 'pattern of accepting by subjectivity'. The statement on which most of the people highly agreed for those patterns was shown as 'If patients said that they are suffering from pain, the medical treatment should be performed rapidly and speedily.' For type II, when the patient complains of pain, treatment should be performed quickly in order to prevent the condition getting worse, and it is thought that activity is a reasonable duty. Further, by trying to show empathy after pain is admitted and by understanding and coping rapidly with the pain of patients, an attitude which matched the altruistic morals of nurses is being shown. Type III was the 'pattern of worrying about', and the statement on which most of the people highly agreed for those patterns was shown is 'When there is a pain, to help patients to tolerate the pain to the highest degree.' In type III, the pain is a subjective expression, so there is a difference according to every individual. Therefore, actually if there is no measurement of pain, it could be exaggerated so nurses should help patients to tolerate it to the utmost. Even if there is a way to remove pain without an analgesic drug, nurses were reluctant to perform pain management as they possibly could. Through these research results, pain management of nurses was classified in 3 types, and structural characteristics in each type were discovered. Based upon the characteristics according to the type, an individualized pain management intervention strategy should be established and the follow up work performed.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.129-145
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• 2010

서울지역 고등학생을 대상으로 인터넷 쇼핑몰에서의 패션제품 구매행동, 구매후기에 대한 인식, 구매후기의 이용과 작성 및 그에 따른 인식, 의복관여도에 따른 구매후기에 대한 인식 및 구매 후 불만경험과 대응행동을 살펴보았다. 서울지역의 6개 고등학교 508명의 학생들을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였고 자료분석은 SPSS 17.0을 이용하여 평균, 표준편차, 빈도, t-test, 일원분산분석을 하였으며 사후검정으로는 Duncan's Multiple Test를 실시하였다. 인터넷 쇼핑몰에서 패션제품 구매이유는 저렴한 가격과 다양성 및 편리성 때문이였고 구매하지 않는 이유는 대부분 화면과 실제의 상품 차이 때문이었다. 학생들은 구매후기를 믿을만하고 유용하다고 인식하였다. 구매후가 내용의 방향과 개수에 대해서는 영향을 받았지만 최신성에 대해서는 영향 받지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 구매후기를 이용하는 학생이 이용하지 않는 학생보다 유용성, 신뢰도, 영향력 모두 높게 인식하였고, 구매후기를 작성하는 학생들이 작성하지 않는 학생들보다 구매후기의 유용성과 신뢰도, 구매후기의 개수에 따른 영향력을 높게 인식하였다. 의복관여도에 따라서는 고관여의 학생들이 중관여와 저관여의 학생들에 비해 구매후기를 유용하다고 인식하였다. 인터넷 쇼핑몰을 통해 패션제품을 구매 후 불만을 경험한 학생들은 불평행동으로 공행동과 무행동을 주로 하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국보건간호학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국보건간호학회 2002년도 제27회 보건종합학술대회
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• pp.224-227
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• 2002

Alcoholism affects not only the individuals who depend on it, but also their families. Children who have an alcohol dependent parent have various problems and need help, but little attention has been given to them. Many references report only negative characteristics of these children. In order to help the children of alcohol dependent parents, health professionals need more information. A wholistic understanding and analysis of these children is needed as a basis for the development of suitable programs of help them. A phenomenological methodology was used to identify the experience of children whose fathers were addicted to alcohol. The findings portray the essence of the lived experience of children of alcohol dependent fathers. Nine adolescents participated in in-depth inverviews and observation with the researcher, done between October and December 2001. The data were recorded on audio tape and transcribed. Sampling was continued until the data were theorectically saturated. The Colaizzi's method was used for data analysis. The results of this study are as follows. Three themes and twenty six meanings were identified. The first theme is Living Alone: living abusively as partner to an alcohol dependent father, living dangerously like an explosive fury, living as an object that ha no self, living with rejection of fatherly being, living with felt responsibility but having no power to help mother who suffers patiently with pain and abuse, living along with no shoulder to lean on, and living with the prejudice of sex discrimination. The second theme is Paradoxical Coping in Life. The meanings are obsessive behavior as a way to control father's behavior, always on the defensive due to anxiety and tension, being afraid of life alone due to paranoid thoughts, contradictory expectation about father's drinking behavior due to life with chronic tension, stress becoming familiar and life being boring and tendious without stimulation, life that is fake and filled with misinterpretations about reality, affection sought from others due to loneliness, compensatory life within peer group, negative expectation about the future due to negative experiences, controling others to protect ego, denial of real emotion to protect self from hurt, life of regretting self, and strong need for approval from others. The third theme is sustaining life. The meanings are ambivalence between revenge on father and pity, struggle for desirable self against fear of gather-like image, understanding father through self reflection, hope to find fatherly being through father's recovery, being able to stand through emotional control and cognitive restructuring, nurturing the seed of hope for the future while in a situation of desperation. The contribution of this study is to give a wholistic understanding of the empirical reality of children of alcohol dependent parents and to develop substantive theory in nursing knowledge. In nursing practice, the results of this study can provide a foundation for the development of programs for children of alcohol dependent parents.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.341-349
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• 2017

PURPOSE. This study evaluated the accuracies of different bite registration techniques for implant-fixed prostheses using three dimensional file analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Implant fixtures were placed on the mandibular right second premolar, and the first and second molar in a polyurethane model. Aluwax (A), Pattern Resin (P), and Blu-Mousse (B) were used as the bite registration materials on the healing abutments (H) or temporary abutments (T). The groups were classified into HA, HP, HB, TA, TP, and TB according to each combination. The group using the bite impression coping was the BC group; impression taking and bite registration were performed simultaneously. After impression and bite taking, the scan bodies were connected to the lab analogs of the casts. These casts were scanned using a model scanner. The distances between two reference points in three-dimensional files were measured in each group. One-way ANOVA and Duncan's test were used at the 5% significance level. RESULTS. The smallest distance discrepancy was observed in the TB group using the temporary abutments. The Blu-Mousse and HP groups showed the largest distance discrepancy. The TB and BC groups showed a lower distance discrepancy than the HP group (P=.001), and there was no significant difference between the groups using the temporary abutments and healing abutments (P>.05). CONCLUSION. Although this study has limitations as an in-vitro investigation, the groups using the temporary abutments to hold the Blu-Mousse record and bite impression coping showed greater accuracy than the group using the healing abutments to hold the pattern resin record.

• 한국가족복지학
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• 제55호
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• pp.91-128
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• 2017

본 연구는 결혼이주여성에 대한 가족치료에서의 효과적인 개입전략을 마련하는 것을 목적으로하였다. 이를 위해 성공적으로 상담을 종결한 전문성 있는 상담자의 상담사례를 수집하여 치료 개입 전략과 효과에 대한 질적 분석을 시도하였다. 총 6회기가 진행된 상담 과정에서 행한이주여성의 진술에서 의미 단위를 구분하여 연구결과를 도출하였다. 상담자는 다음과 같은 개입 전략을 시도한 것으로 분석되었다. 첫째, 미해결 정서문제 탐색을 통한 정서적 분화 돕기, 둘째 가족투사과정과 삼각관계로 인한 미분화 다루기, 셋째 원가족 관계 패턴 및 대처기제의다세대전수과정 다루기를 시도하였고, 넷째 MRI의 의사소통모델을 적용한 정서적 억압에 따른비일치적 의사소통방식의 비효과성 조명, 다섯째 재구성을 통한 내담자의 인식 전환하기, 여섯째 진짜 자기로 이끄는 의사소통방식 제안을 시도하였다. 상담자의 이와 같은 시도로 긍정적인 변화가 일어났는데, 치료 효과로는 첫째, 인지적 통찰 및 변화 동기의 촉발, 둘째 의사소통능력의 향상, 셋째 불안감소와 자기분화로 나타났다. 결혼이주여성의 경우 남편의 상담 참여거부로 보통 혼자서 상담에 참여하게 되는 경우가 많아 가족치료의 효과가 낮을 것으로 우려하는 경향이 있으나 상담자의 적절한 개입이 이루어지면 부인의 갈등해결능력을 향상시켜 가정폭력과 같은 문제 해결에 커다란 도움이 될 수 있다는 점을 확인하였고, 본 연구는 그에 필요한 적절한 치료 개입 전략을 제공하였다는데 의미가 있다.