• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.355-364
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• 2023

Objective: The aim of this study is to test the effects of elastic band exercise accompanied by Swiss ball exercise on lower limb muscle strength, balance and pain in middle-aged women with osteoarthritis. Design: A randomized controlled trial. Methods: Thirty-five participants were randomly assigned to the experimental group (n=18), which performed elastic band exercise combined with Swiss ball exercise, and the control group (n=17), which performed elastic band exercise only. Both groups did a 30-minute session of exercise three times a week for eight weeks and were assessed for lower extremity muscle strength, static and dynamic balance, and pain levels before the first therapy session. All participating patients underwent outcome assessment after eight weeks of therapy without any additional treatment. Results: The experimental group made a significant increase in muscle strength of the lower extremities, static and dynamic balance ability, and pain level (p<0.05). The control group made a significant improvement in lower limb muscle strength, dynamic balance ability and pain level (p<0.05) with no such improvement in static balance ability. The exercise group made a significant increase in static and dynamic balance ability and pain level compared to the control group (p<0.05). Conclusions: These results demonstrated that both Swiss ball exercise and elastic band exercise were effective for middle-aged women with osteoarthritis and found that elastic band exercise combined with Swiss ball exercise produced more significant effects on their balance and pain.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.279-294
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• 2008

This study aimed to make an analysis of the occlusion in the state of muscle fatigue produced by excessive mouth opening and clenching during the dental treatment to control the dental pain and to evaluate the sensory nerve in the muscle pain state. Most of the reasons why patients visit the dental office result in pain-either conceivably the dental origin pain or the non-dental origin pain. The dental offices have many therapeutic actions to produce the masticatory muscle fatigue for the treatment. Dental treatment with long minutes of mouth opening can cause some headaches, masticatory muscle pain and mouth opening difficulties. Patients with mastication problems who visits a dental office to alleviate pain run against another unexpected pain with other aspects. This study uses T-scan II system(Tekscan Co., USA) for the evaluation on the occlusal pattern in the experimental muscle fatigue after clenching, opening the mouth excessively and chewing gum. The occlusal contact pattern is analyzed by the contact timing, namely first, intercuspal, maximum and end point of contact. This inspection was performed at frequencies of 2000Hz, 250 Hz and 5 Hz before and after each experimental muscle pain was produced to 24 subjects who had normal occlusion without the orthodontic treatment or a wide range of the prosthesis by using $neurometer^{\circledR}$ CPT/C(Neurotron, Inc. Baltimore, Maryland, USA). The measuring sites were mandibular nerve experimental muscle fatigue respectively. This study could obtain the following results after the assessment of occlusion and sensory nerve of the experimental muscle fatigue. 1. There were the fastest expression after the excessive mouth opening in muscle fatigue and after tooth clenching in muscle pain. In the visual analog scale that records the subjective level, there was the highest scale after the clenching in the muscle fatigue in jumping off the point of pain. 2. Tooth contact time, contact force, relative contact force on the point of the first contact had no difference, and there were decreases in the contact force after the excessive mouth opening on intercuspal position point, after the excessive mouth opening and the gum chewing on the point of the maximum, and in the contact time after all the experimental muscle fatigue state on the point of the end contact. 3. There was no statistic significance in the current perception threshold before and after the experimental muscle fatigue. 4. There was no significant difference in the contact number, the maximal contact number on the point of the first contact, and the contact number after the mouth opening and gum chewing on the point of the intercuspal position and the contact number after the experimental muscle fatigue on the maximum point, and showed significant decreases. In conclusion, it was found that the occlusal pattern can cause the changes on the case of the clinical muscle weakness by intra-external oral events. It was important that the sedulous attention to details is required during dental treatment in case of excessive mouth opening, mastication and clenching.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.263-268
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to provide basic data on the thera-tainment intervention method and to relieve dysmenorrhea by identifying the effects of silver spike point therapy on menstrual pain, muscle tone, and muscle stiffness among 30 women in their 20s. The subjects had a regular menstrual cycle, had a visual analog scale score of more than 4 for dysmenorrhea pain, and did not have any gynecological disease. SSP therapy was applied for 20 minutes on San-Yin-Jiao on the first day of their menstrual cycles. Muscle tone and stiffness were measured with Myoton before treatment, immediately after treatment, and 3 hours after treatment. SPSS version 19 was used to analyze the collected data. Using Friedman test, muscle tone and stiffness were measured before treatment, immediately after treatment, and 3 hours after treatment. The results indicate that after treatment dysmenorrhea pain steadily decreased and muscle tension and stiffness decreased significantly. This shows that using SSP therapy is effective on reducing primary dysmenorrhea and improving women's health care. This shows that using SSP therapy is effective at reducing primary dysmenorrhea and improving women's health care.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.917-924
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was to examine the effects of electrical muscle stimulation therapy on chronic knee pain in the elderly. Method: The research design was a one-group pretest-posttest design. The subjects were 45 (TE: 17, SE: 15, SY: 13) elderly, 65 years old and above with chronic knee pain. Pain was measured by the S-F McGill Pain Questuionnaire (S-F MPQ) and Arthritis Impact Measurement Scale (AIMS). Electrical muscle stimulation therapy experimental treatment was applied for 12 weeks, 3 times/week, 15 min/time. Data was collected from March 2005 to February 2006. Data was analyzed using the SPSS PC+ 12 version. Results: After receiving electrical muscle stimulation therapy, chronic knee pain in TE (S-F MPQ: t=-62.143, p=.000, AIMS: t=-29.155, p=.000), SE (S-F MPQ: t=-76.345, p=.000, AIMS: t=-39.323, p=.000), and SY (S-F MPQ: t=-43.691, p=.000, AIMS: t=-30.306, p=.000) groups were significantly decreased. Conclusion: Electrical muscle stimulation therapy can be a better effective primary nursing intervention for chronic knee pain for community dwelling elderly people with TE, SE, and SY.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.223-230
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was to examine the effect of electrical muscle stimulation therapy on chronic knee pain and depression for the aged. Method: Design was one-group pretest-posttest design. Samples were 32 elderly of 60 years old and above with chronic knee pain and depression. Measures were the S-F McGill Pain Questuionnaire for chronic knee pain and the Korean Elderly Depression Scale for depression. Electrical muscle stimulation therapy, experimental treatment, was applied for 12 weeks, 3 times/week, 15 min/time. Data were collected from January 2005 to May 2005. Data were analyzed using SPSS PC+ 12 version. Results: After receiving electrical muscle stimulation therapy, chronic knee pain (t=-88.034, P=.000) and depression (t=-114.659, P=.000) were significantly decreased. Conclusion: Electrical muscle stimulation therapy can be a better effective primary nursing intervention on chronic knee pain and depression for community dwelling elders.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.155-160
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• 2021

The masticatory muscle disorder is the most common problem that patients with temporomandibular disorder often complain. For such complaints, treatment is directed towards reducing hyperactivity of muscles or effects of the central nervous system. However, if nonspecific occlusal change or pain persists, it is necessary to consider that muscle weakness might be the cause of the persistence of temporomandibular disorder. Stabilization of occlusion and improvement of the pain symptoms were achieved in both cases through the chewing gum exercise. This exercise may enable masticatory movements done in normal function by using muscle engram and achieve reinforcement of the masticatory muscles with balanced, simultaneous contacts of the teeth. In addition, it may be a viable method for treating temporomandibular disorders that do not respond well to conventional mandibular stabilization therapies.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.211-223
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• 2009

Objectives : The aim of this research is to analyze the current trend of the studies about eridian muscle and to provide background for further studies. Methods : Reviewing 33 domestic oriental medical studies about meridian muscle, and comparative analysis was made. These studies were classified by method, theme and subtitle. Results : 1. According to the classification by study method, number of literary studies are 22(67%), which is more than half, number of experimental studies are 5(15%) and clinical studies are 6(18%). 2. According to the classification by study theme in literary study, percentage of 'Structure amp; Movement of Meridian Muscle' took 64%, Theory study of Meridian Muscle' took 14%, 'Application of Concept of Meridian Muscle' took 14%, 'Treatment of Meridian Muscle disorder' took 9% arranged in order. 3. In 'Theory study of Meridian Muscle', there were not only literary approaches but also Deficiency-Excessiveness(虛實) and historical approaches. Study about 'Structure & Movement of Meridian Muscle' includes analysis of muscle and Myofascial pain syndrome. On this background, it is necessary to recognize the linkage and motion analysis of Meridian Muscle. Therefore, studies were changed into interpretation about Anatomy trains, analysis of motion. The study about 'Treatment of Meridian Muscle disorder' provided the various treatment method-Acupuncture, Manual therapy, Ashi(阿是)-point therapy, CHUNA therapy etc.- in literary study. The study about the 'Application of Concept of Meridian Muscle' has been performed in relation to Embedding Therapy, Kyungkuen chuna, Ki-gong therapy. 4. Experimental Studies were all Anatomical Studies. Studies were done in trial of discovering the actual existence, but revealed problem in interpretating the meaning of Meridian Muscle. 5. Clinical Studies based on Ashi(阿是)-point therapy CHUNA Muscles Along Meridians Release Therapy etc, were performed. Experimental studies about Meridian Muscle were assessed as low grade according to Jadad Scale. There were no studies which were based on well-organized Meridian Muscle theory. Conclusions : There needs to be more discussion about concept of Meridian Muscle and proceed more reliable experimental studies with organized Meridian Muscle theory. Further objective studies about treatment of Meridian Muscle should be done.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2016

Most dental pain is caused by an organic problem such as dental caries, periodontitis, pulpitis, or trauma. Diagnosis and treatment of these symptoms are relatively straightforward. However, patients often also complain of abnormal dental pain that has a non-dental origin, whose diagnosis is challenging. Such abnormal dental pain can be categorized on the basis of its cause as referred pain, neuromodulatory pain, and neuropathic pain. When it is difficult to diagnose a patient's dental pain, these potential alternate causes should be considered. In this clinical review, we have presented a case of referred pain from the digastric muscle (Patient 1), of pulpectomized (Patient 2), and of pulpectomized pain (Patient 3) to illustrate referred, neuromodulatory, and neuropathic pain, respectively. The Patient 1 was advised muscle stretching and gentle massage of the trigger points, as well as pain relief using a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory and the tricyclic antidepressant amitriptyline. The pain in Patient 2 was relieved completely by the tricyclic antidepressant amitriptyline. In Patient 3, the pain was controlled using either a continuous drip infusion of adenosine triphosphate or intravenous Mg2+ and lidocaine administered every 2 weeks. In each case of abnormal dental pain, the patient's diagnostic chart was used (Fig.2 and 3). Pain was satisfactorily relieved in all cases.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.8-18
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• 2011

To have effective treatment for shoulder arm pain, we searched the cause, symptom, etiology, classification of the pain areas, acupuncture points, and muscles along the meridians, and acquired the following results. Shoulder-pain is mainly divided into the malfunction of viscera and entrails, damage due to the weakness of essence and qi, abnormal status of muscle function, change of joints, disease in the nerve and vessel, and the internal injury due to seven modes of emotions. Pain of shoulder joints are pain in the local area of shoulder joints, referred pain of shoulder, neck, and shoulder-arm, numbnes and swelling of muscle, and muslce weakness. Shoulder-arm pain is classified as four types of pain: shoulder-joint pain, shoulder-back pain, shoulder-chest pain, and shoulder-arm-elbow pain. And shoulder-arm-elbow pain is again divided into the shoulder-blade pain, shoulder-arm pain, shoulder-elbow pain. The related meridians on shoulder pain are the three yin meridians of hand, Kidney Meridian, Conception Meridian, three yang meridians of hand, Bladder Meridian, Governor Meridian Acupuncture points for shoulder pain are in the acupuncture points of the 10 meridians and a-shi points. Thre related meridian muscles on shoulder-pain are the three yin and yang meridians of hand, and their related muscles are the ones that are connected with the front, back, and chest side muscles of shoulder joints, and the ones that are connected with the front and back side muscles of arm.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.56-64
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• 2020

Purpose: Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) is a mosaic of clinical signs and symptoms that can be regarded as a set of phenotypes that are affected by various factors including pain sensitivity, pain disability, sleep and psychological functioning. The aims of this study were to evaluate association of pain experience, sleep quality and psychological distress with different phenotypes of TMD patients. Methods: This retrospective study included a cohort (n=1,858; 63.8% for female, mean age=34.9±15.9 years) of patients with TMD. A set of self-administered questionnaires concerning pain interference (Brief Pain Inventory), pain disability (Graded Chronic Pain Scale), sleep quality (Pittsburg Sleep Questionnaire Index), psychological distress (Symptom Checklist-90 revised), and pain catastrophizing (Pain Catastrophizing Scale) were administered to all participants at the first consultation. All TMD patients were classified into four groups including TMD with internal derangement without pain (TMD_ID, n=370), TMD with joint pain (TMD_J, n=571), TMD with muscle pain (TMD_M, n=541) and TMD with muscle-joint combined pain (TMD_MJ, n=376). Results: The female ratio was particularly high in the group with TMD_MJ (p=0.001). The patients with muscle pain and both muscle and joint pain had longer symptom duration (p=0.004) and presented significantly higher scores in pain experience (p<0.001), subjective sleep quality (p<0.001), pain catastrophizing (p<0.001) and psychological distress (p<0.05) except for paranoid-ideation than the groups with only joint problems. Conclusions: The results of this study highlight the importance of multi-dimensional approach that consider pain disability, sleep quality, and psychological functioning in the management of TMD with muscle component. This study would contribute to a better understanding of interaction between heterogeneous TMD and multiple risk factors in order to build tailored treatment based on different phenotypes.