• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.95-100
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• 2003

Purpose: To evaluate the incidence, contributing factors, and clinical results of refracture of proximal 5th metatarsal stress fracture treated operatively in athletes Materials and Methods: This study included 8 patients who had been treated for refracture of proximal 5th metatarsal stress fracture with operaton. Their charts & radiologic findings were evaluated retrospectively. Results: The overall incidence of refracture was 13%. Main contributing factors were time of return to sports activity and associated deformities such as cavus foot or flat foot. Seven cases were managed with nonoperative treatment, and we added percutaneous pin fixation under local anesthesia in one case. Bony union was seen at average 8. 5 weeks in 7 cases except 1 nonunion and all of 8 patient returned to athletics at average 16 weeks. Conclusion: The incidence of refracture of proximal 5th metatarsal stress fracture treated operatively in athletes was relatively high. Time of rerum to sports activity must be decided very carefully on individual situation and further imaging study may be helpful for bony union evaluation. The non-operative treatment may have a good result if bone graft was done initially.

• 대한기관식도과학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.136-141
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• 1995

Tracheostomal stenosis after total laryngectomy is a distressing complication which con-tributes significantly to both psychosocial and physical morbidity according to nature and severity in laryngectomee. Sternal stenosis will compromise not only optimal air exchange, crust formation but also the ability to clear tracheobronchial secretion, so pneumonia and atelectasis will develop. Having a number of procedure recommended for correction of such stenosis with limited results. We developed new technique which is based on tracheal advancement flap had been ap-plied to 12 patients, successfully. We think that total or partial tracheal advancement flap technique Is useful for widening the stoma and advantages of this method are following. 1. Simple technique. possible under local anesthesia 2. Healthy tracheal ring facilities width control 3. Less chance of refractory scar stenosis 4. Tracheoesophageal shunt can be constructed after the partial advancement flap.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.36-42
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• 1999

Background: The current maximal recommended doses of lidocaine are 7 mg/kg with $5\;{\mu}g/ml$ of epinephrine. But in clinical practice, sometimes more doses of lidocaine are required to produce adequate regional anesthesia. Method: Twenty-two healthy women patients were divided into two groups and pretreated with valium 5 mg p.o., morphine 5 mg i.m., and midazolam 2 mg i.v. before operation. Of these, 7 mg/kg of 2% lidocaine with $5\;{\mu}g/ml$ of epinephrine were given to 11 patients epidurally. Initial 3 ml of epinephrine mixed lidocaine was given as a test dose and remaining doses were given 5 ml/30 sec with 3 min intervals. Radial arterial blood were drawn at 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120 min to measure plasma lidocaine concentrations. After confirming all of the peak plasma concentrations of 7 mg/kg lidocaine were absolutely under $5\;{\mu}g/ml$, the other 11 patients were given 10 mg/kg of 2% lidocaine with $5\;{\mu}g/ml$ of epinephrine epidurally and blood samplings were taken according to the same method of 7 mg/kg group. The peak plasma concentration ($C_{max}$), time to reach to $C_{max}$ ($T_{max}$), time to reach to $T_4$, maximal sensory block level, systemic toxicity, and vital sign changes were investigated. Result: $C_{max}$ was significantly higher in 10 mg/kg group ($5.1{\pm}1.3\;{\mu}g/ml$) than 7 mg/kg group($3.3{\pm}0.5\;{\mu}g/ml$), but $T_{max}$ ($10.5{\pm}2.7$ min vs $10.9{\pm}3.1$ min) was not different. Time to reach $T_4$ was significantly shorter in 10 mg/kg group ($9.5{\pm}2.7$ min) than 7 mg/kg group ($12.7{\pm}3.2$ min) but maximal sensory block level ($T_{3.7{\pm}0.7}$ vs $T_{2.7{\pm}1.0}$) was not different. In four patients of 10 mg/kg group, peak plasma concentrations exceeded $5\;{\mu}g/ml$, but no systemic toxicities appeared. No significant vital sign changes were observed. Conclusion: The current maximal recommended doses of lidocaine, merely based on body weight are not always appropriate. Further studies are needed to determine more precise guideline of maximal doses that include various pharmacokinetic components.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.240-245
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• 2010

제1형 신경섬유종증은 약 3000명당 1명 꼴로 발생되며 상염색체 우성유전질환이다. 피부의 카페오레반점 및 다발성 신경 섬유종과 피부, 신경계, 골격계, 내분비계, 혈관계의 다양한 이형성이 특징이다. 실제적인 구강 내 신경섬유종은 25%의 환자에서 발생한다고 알려져 있다. 제1형 신경섬유종증으로 진단된 만9세의 여아가 치은의 부종을 주소로 본원에 내원하였다. 하악 전치부 설측에 치은비대가 존재하였고, 환자의 사지와 몸통에서 갈색반점인 카페오레 반점을 확인할 수 있었다. 비대된 치은조직을 국소마취 하에 제거하였고, 조직검사를 시행한 결과 신경섬유종으로 확진하였다. 7개월 후 검사 결과 재발의 증거없이 양호한 치유를 보였다. 재발의 가능성이 있으므로 정기적인 검사가 필요하다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.51-63
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• 1999

Exposure of the root surface due to gingival recession after periodontal surgery, elicit pain response when exposed to mechanical, heat, chemical or osmotic irritation. Especially patients treated with periodontal surgery, show high frequency. There have been reports that the 1 out of 7 patients complains of dentinal hypersensitivity. There have been many studies on the clinical effects of various materials on the treatment of dentinal hypersensitivity. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the effect of sodium chloride and potassium oxalate and to observe the relationship between the dentinal hypersensitivity and surface characteristics such as dentinal tubule size and number. This study included 20 teeth which were scheduled for extraction and had no pulpal disease. These teeth were divided into Root planing group, EDTA group, NaCl group and Oxalate group. Dentinal hypersensitivity is measured by tactile, pressured air and cold water using NRS (Numerical Rating Scales). Teeth were extracted under local anesthesia and each specimen was sectioned to a size about 3 X 5 mm and was examined under the scanning electron microscope (X2,000) The results were as follows, 1. The EDTA group exhibited significantly increased dentinal hypersensitivity comparing with the other groups. 2. The NaCl and Oxalate groups showed significantly reduced dentinal hypersensitivity comparing with the EDTA group. 3. As a method for dentinal hypersensitivity measurement, it was presumed thet tactile sensitivity test was not sensitive method but air blast test and cold water test were adequate method. 4. In a SEM study, the root planing group exhibited amorphous smear layer and showed no dentinal tubule orifice, but the EDTA group showed the large number of dentinal tubules. On the other hand, the NaCl and Oxalate groups did not show exposed dentinal tubules. The NaCl group showed more rough root surface than the EDTA group, and the Oxalate group showed many participates to be presumed as calcium oxalate particle. As the results from this study, root planing couldn't expose the dentinal tubule and NaCl and potassium oxalate occluded exposed dentinal tubule effectively. Dentinal hypersensitivity has close relationship with the exposure of dentinal tubules, especially with it's size and number.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.784-788
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• 2006

Purpose: For the reconstruction of the ankle joint as well as the soft tissue defect in the distal lower leg, a free flap or a local flap has been used, and because of the condition of patients, if a complex microvascular surgery under general anesthesia could not be performed, it could be reconstructed by using the distally based lateral supramalleolar fascio-cutaneous island flap using the perforating branch of the peroneal artery in the ankle area. Methods: The study subjects were 4 male patients between 53 years and 73 years of age. 2 cases were tissue defect in the medial malleolus area due to systemic diseases such as gouty arthritis accompanied traffic accident, diabetes mellitus foot, atherosclerotic obliterans, etc., 1 case was the defect in the pretibia area, and 1 case was the defect underneath the lateral malleolus, which was reconstructed by the distally based lateral supramalleolar fascio-cutaneous island flap. The donor area was the skin harvested from the groin, and the full thickness skin graft was performed. The size of the flap varied from $4{\times}3cm$ to $9{\times}6cm$. As the flap border, the medial side was to the tibialis anterior tendon, the lateral side was to the fibula crest, and the proximal area was less than the fibula size. Results: The consequence is that, in total 4 cases, the congestion in the flap began from 12 hours after the surgery, and the progression of congestion was ceased on the 5th day after the surgery, and finally epidermal bulla and sloughing, partial necrosis was developed. After the end of necrosis, the defect area was reconstructed successfully by the second full thickness skin graft. Conclusions: Although the distally based lateral supramalleolar fascio-cutaneous island flap has the shortcoming of requiring the second skin graft, it has the advantages that it does not require a long complex microsurgery, the flap itself is thin, it is similar to the color of the skin in the recipient area, and it does not leave a big scar in the donor area. Therefore, it is thought that for the cases who could not undergo a long complex surgery due to systemic diseases or the cases of patients whose condition of the recipient area is not suitable for microsurgery, the lateral supramalleolar fascio-cutaneous island flap is very useful for the reconstruction of the distal lower leg and the ankle joint area.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.25-29
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• 2016

Background and Objectives : The clinical reports for the treatment of vocal fold scar and sulcus vocalis are limited, also there is no best one for the treatment of them. This study is to evaluate the effect of Injection laryngoplasty (IL) for the treatment of vocal fold scar and sulcus vocalis. Materials and Methods : from January 2013 to May 2015, the Nineteen patients who were diagnosed as vocal fold scar, sulcus and atrophy, and underwent IL, were engaged in this study. Clinical information and voice parameters were analyzed by retrospective chart review. Pre and post voice parameters were compared. Results : Subgroups of diagnosis were classified into sulcus vocalis for 12 patients, vocal fold scar for 5, and atrophy for 2. IL was performed under local anesthesia through cricothyroid membrane except one patient. Atesense$^{(R)}$, Radiessess$^{(R)}$, and Rofilan$^{(R)}$ were used as injected materials in 9, 9, and 1 patients respectively. Maximal phonation time (p=0.0124), dynamic range (p=0.0028), pitch range (p=0.0141), voice handicap index (p=0.028), glottal closure (p=0.0229), and mucosal wave (p=0.0132) had significant improvement for post-IL voice assessment than Pre-IL. While GRBAS, Mean flow rate, Jitter, Shimmer, Harmony to Noise ratio didn't have improvement. Conclusion : IL is a feasible option for the treatment of glottis incompetence with normally mobile vocal folds such as sulcus vocalis and vocal fold scar.

• 대한관절경학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.13-18
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• 2011

목 적: $TightRope^{(R)}$ (Arthrex, Inc, Naples, FL)를 이용한 급성 견봉쇄골 관절 탈구의 관절경적 오구쇄골 관절 고정술의 방사선학적 및 임상적 결과를 평가하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 2009년 2월부터 2010년 2월까지 Rockwood 3형 또는 5형의 급성 견봉쇄골 관절 탈구 환자 20명에 대해 $TightRope^{(R)}$를 이용하여 관절경적 오구쇄골 관절 고정술을 시행하였다. 추시 기간은 평균 13.4(10~22)개월이었다. 방사선학적 평가는 쇄골 관절 부하 사진을 통해 쇄골과 오구돌기 사이 거리를 건측과 비교하였고, 임상적 평가는 KSS(Korean Shoulder Scoring System)를 이용하였으며, 환자들의 미용적 만족도도 평가하였다. 결 과: 방사선학적 평가에서 18예는 매우 우수, 1예는 우수, 1예는 양호의 결과를 보였다. KSS는 평균 98.5(92~100)점이었으며, 전 예에서 만족할 만한 미용적 결과를 보였다. 1예에서 매듭에 의한 피부 압통 및 촉진되는 불편감을 호소하여 시행한 매듭 봉합술 후 국소 감염이 발생하여 국소 마취 하 배농술 및 2주간 항생제 사용으로 치유하였다. 결 론: Rockwood 3형 또는 5형의 급성 견봉쇄골관절 탈구의 치료에 있어 $TightRope^{(R)}$를 이용한 관절경적 오구쇄골 관절 고정술은 만족스러운 방사선학적 및 임상적 결과를 보이며, 술후 합병증이 거의 없고, 조기 재활이 가능하며, 뛰어난 미용적 결과를 보이고, 금속 고정물 제거를 위한 이차적 수술이 필요없는 훌륭한 치료 방법이 될 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제30권sup2호
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• pp.294-299
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• 2001

Objectives : CT-guided stereotactic evacuation for spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage can minimize the brain damage and can be performed safely and simply under local anesthesia. But that procedure is time consuming and has a risk of rebleeding because of the stress during head pin fixation. So authors describe easy and precise guidelines for FHA of putaminal hemorrhage without stereotactic instrument. Methods and Materials : We analyzed the data of 298 patients who underwent CT-guided stereotactic aspiration of putaminal hematoma in our hospital between January 1990 and December 2000. We divided the patients into three groups according to the location of hematoma : anterior portion, middle portion and posterior portion of putamen. Total number of catheters inserted into the hematoma were 345 and there were with regard to the direction and depth of catheters. Results : Proposed guidelines of catheter insertion to putaminal hemorrhage in our institution. 1) hematoma at the anterior portion of putamen ; Direction of catheter was the midpupillary line of the eye and the point intersecting a line drawn from the burr hole to a point between external auditory meatus(EOM) and 1cm posterior to EOM. Depth of catheter was 6-6.5cm. 2) hematoma at the middle portion of putamen ; Direction of catheter was the midpupillary line of the the eye and the point intersecting a line drawn from the burr hole to a point between 1cm and 2cm posterior to EOM. Depth of catheter was 6.5-7cm. 3) hematoma at the posterior portion of putamen ; Direction of catheter was 15 degree laterally from the midpupillary line of the eye and the point intersecting a line drawn from the burr hole to a point between 2cm and 3cm posterior to EOM. Depth of catheter was 7-7.5cm. We have performed FHA of putaminal hemorrhage in 48 cases according to this guideline. All catheter were inserted exactly at the center of hematoma and average operation time was about 30 minutes. Conclusion : Our proposed guidelines for putaminal hemorrhage are considered to be safe and simple method with similar accuracy and rapid decompression compared with traditional stereotactic method. Main advantages of this technique were unnecessity of stereotactic frame application and less time requirement for hematoma removal.

• 대한소화기학회지
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• 제72권6호
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• pp.308-312
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• 2018

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is widely used to provide nutritional support for patients with dysphagia and/or disturbed consciousness preventing oral ingestion, and PEG tube placement is a relatively safe and convenient non-surgical procedure performed under local anesthesia. However, the prevention of PEG-insertion-related complications is important. A 64-year-old man with recurrent pneumonia underwent tracheostomy and nasogastric tube placement for nutritional support and opted for PEG tube insertion for long-term nutrition. However, during the insertion procedure, needle puncture had to be attempted twice before successful PEG tube placement was achieved, and a day after the procedure his hemoglobin had fallen and he developed hypotension. Abdominal computed tomography revealed injury to a pancreatic branch of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) associated with bleeding, hemoperitoneum, and pancreatitis. Transarterial embolization was performed using a microcatheter to treat hemorrhage from the injured branch of the SMA, and the acute pancreatitis was treated using antibiotics and supportive care. The patient was discharged after an uneventful recovery. Clinicians should be mindful of possible pancreatic injury and bleeding after PEG tube insertion. Possible complications, such as visceral injuries or bleeding, should be considered in patients requiring multiple puncture attempts during a PEG procedure.