• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.35-40
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate change of muscle activities during level walking, stairs and ramp climbing in old adults. Methods: Twelve old adults were recruited and agreed this study. Muscle activity was measured by MP150 system (BIOPAC System Inc., Santa Barbara, USA). Statistical analysis was used one-way ANOVA to know the difference according to gait conditions (level walking, stairs and ramp ascending) Results: In stance phase, muscle activities of low extremities with old adults were generally significant difference in ramp ascending. In swing phase, rectus femoris and biceps femoris activity in old adults generally more increased during stairs ascending and tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius activity in old adults generally increased during ramp ascending. Conclusion: These results indicate that stair and ramp climbing is different muscle recruit pattern to level walking.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.33-34
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• 1970

The cultivation of Italian liquorice root was carried out and the three-year-old roots of average wet weight 800g were harvested. In early April the cut root was transplanted and the rate of survival was $50{\sim}60%$. The treatment of it with dilute Atonic solution increased the rate to 96%. The glycyrrhizin content in the root was: five-year-old root 7%, four-year-old 7.5%, three-year-old 6.7%, and two-year-old 4.7%.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.3
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• pp.61-82
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• 2000

The purpose of thesis is to examine the two aspects of realities and fear of criminal victimization in the old. It also intends to provide useful date for criminal victimization prevention strategies and looks for alternatives promoting social welfare of the old in our society. For this, some important theories about criminal victimization and compensating of crime victims are reviewed as theoretical backgrounds. In addition to theoretical reviews, to identify realities of criminal victimization and fear of crime among the old, empirical survey was conducted using questionnaires about 200 respondents of 60 years old in Taegu.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.373-389
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• 1997

Morphological difference of the renal glomerulus at different age groups have been studies in one week-old, five weeks-old, eight weeks-old, six months-old, twelve months-old, eighteen months-old, twenty-four months-old, and thirty months-old ICR mice. Pieces of the tissue taken from the renal corticies were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde-1.5% paraformaldehyde solution (0.1 Millonig's phosphate buffer pH 7.3), and 1% osmium tetroxide solution (0.1 M Millonig's phosphate buffer, pH 7.3), and were embedded in araldite mixture. The ultrathin sections were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate solution, and were observed under a JEM 100CX-II electron microscope. The results were as follows: 1 In the one week-old mouse, thicknesses of the three layers of the glomeluar basal lamina (lamina densa, lamina rara interna and lamina rara externa) are similar, but in the five weeks-old mouse, thick lamina densa becomes a greater portion of the thickness of whole glomerular basal lamina. 2. No difference was noticed between thickness of the renal glomerular basal lamina of the five weeks-old mouse compare with that of the one week-old one, but basal lamina of the eight weeks-old one is thickened considerably and thicknesses were maintained through twelve months-old one. After eighteen months, the thickness of the glomerular basal lamina is increased remarkably. 3. After eighteen months, electron dense deposits within the basal lamina of the renal glomeruli are observed frequently. 4. Amount of the microfilaments in the mesangial cells and the mesangial matrices are increasing during aging. 5. The thicknesses of the basal laminae of the Bowman's capsule are increasing during aging. 6. After twenty four months, the proximal tubular cell-like parietal cells with well developed microvilli are observed frequently. From the above results, it was suggested that the renal glomerulus matures structurally in five weeks, and the function of the glomerulus is suppressed after eighteen months.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.54 no.7
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• pp.1-14
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to provide specific size data for developing a standard dress form for Korean Females between the ages of 18 and 29. Differences in sizes between dress forms used in 18-24 year-old target brands and 25-29 year-old target brands and the human body were ascertained through direct anthropometric measurements. In the 18-24 year-old target brands. 83.0-83.8cm is suitable for the bust circumference of the dress form, while in the 25-29 year-old target brands, 85.0-86.0cm is suitable. The waist circumferences of most dress forms are similar except for the Japanese C form, and there is no difference between the two groups. For hip circumference in the 18-24 year-old target brands, about 90.0cm is suitable while the 25-29 year-old target brands use additional dress forms of 91.0-92.0cm. The center front length, neck tc waist length, and front interscye breadth is 1cm shorter and the back interscye breadth is 1cm longer than indicated by the 1997 National Anthropometric Survey data.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.114-120
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the view on old age of nurses working at general hospitals, geriatric hospitals, oriental hospitals and public health centers. Methods: Data were collected using a self-report questionnaire from 461 nurses working at 3 general hospitals, 8 geriatric hospitals, 7 oriental hospitals and 6 public health centers located in Seoul, Gyeonggi-do and Chungcheong-do from June 20 to September 6, 2012. Results: The mean score of the nurses' view about old age was 3.38 out of 5 points. The details show that the 'society character' was the highest at 4.58, followed by the 'capacity character' 3.94, the 'psychology-economical character' 3.02 and the 'physical-cognitive character' 2.71. As for workplace, oriental hospitals had the highest points on the view about old age, while geriatric hospitals had the lowest. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that the nurses' view about old age were above the moderate level. As for workplace, geriatric hospital nurses had the lowest view about old age. Therefore, it is recommended to develop an educational program that may promote the nurses' view about old age and provide the better elderly care service.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.103-117
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• 2023

Objectives: This study aims to reveal the relationship between social relations and physical activity in the young-old and old-old elderly. Methods: Data from 2020 National survey of Older Koreans were used, and a total of 10,097 subjects over the age of 65 were included in analysis. The dependent variable was physical activity, and the independent variables were social relations barrier and motivational factors. x²-test and binary logistic regression were performed for data analysis. Results: The physical activity rate in the elderly were 40.8% in the young-old and 29.2% in the old-old. The socio-demographic characteristics affecting physical activity were the young-old elderly were sex, residential area, employment status and household income, and the old-old elderly were sex, age, residential area, education level and household income. The social relations barrier factors affecting physical activity were the young-old elderly were number of close friends, family care, exercise information search and video viewing, and the old-old elderly were household type, number of close friends, participation in exercise education, exercise information search and video viewing. The social relations motivational factors affecting physical activity were the young-old elderly were call with children/relative/friend, participation in sports activity, access time from home to parks, and the old-old elderly were call with children/relative/friend, participation in sports activity, satisfaction with green spaces. Conclusions: It was found that social relations barrier and motivational factors of the elderly are important factors to consider when developing physical activity promotion strategy, and there are also difference between the age of the elderly.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.285-290
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• 2011

Due to the ageing-related degradation in physical and cognitive abilities, the elderly have difficulty in car driving and this is related to the high rate of car accidents among them. This study investigated the kinematic characteristics of old drivers' steering in right turning at intersections by comparing with young drivers. Thirteen old(60~70) and thirteen young(20~30) drivers who participated in the experiment turned their cars right side at intersections in a driving simulator. As results, the completion time of right turning at intersection of old drivers was larger than that of young drivers. The speeds of vehicle at the beginning and ending point of the right turning area of old drivers were smaller than those of young drivers, and also the steering angle at the ending point of the turning area of the former was smaller than that of the latter. The normalized jerk of old driver's steering was significantly larger than that of young drivers. These results indicate that old drivers modify their steering movement repeatedly and take the driving strategy of avoiding risks due to their reduced physical capabilities.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.1051-1060
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to examine the different communication messages behind African women's hairstyles, and to compare young and old African women's hairstyles. The contents of this research are: the hairstyle as communication media, the types of African women's hairstyles, and the difference between young and old women's hairstyles. We used a review of literature and an empirical study as the research methods for this study. For the literature review, we used papers on African hairstyles, and we linked hairstyles to corresponding communication. For the empirical study, we took a database of 240 pictures (120 pictures of young women and 120 pictures of old women) from websites related to African hairstyles and we analyzed the pictures to differentiate between young and old African women's hairstyles. The results of this study reveal that African women's hairstyles express messages of power, ceremony, and status and identification communication. Within the 240 pictures, we found out which hairstyles are preferred by young and old women. Young African women prefer long, straight hairstyles and artificial hair (wigs), while old women keep short, natural hairstyles. The result of this research will be useful for understanding African women's hairstyles as well as contribute to the field of hair design.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.99-108
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• 2002

This study was carried out to evaluate the Physicochemical characteristics of mined waste(separated waste and soil) and to predict environmental effect of an old landfill site located at north of Seoul. Municipal solid waster(MSW) had been disposed of at the old landfill site used in this study for about 2 years(1990-1992). The old landfill site selected for this study had accepted mainly municipal solid waste. The landfill-mined waste contained separated waste (40.9%) and soil(59.1%) by wet weight basis. The separated waste consisted of combustible(91.0%) and non-combustible(9.0%). The combustible waste was mainly non-biodegradable plastics. The low heating value of the separated combustible waste, which is calculated by Dulong's equation, was as high as 3,470kcal/kg. According to the Korean Extraction Procedure, separated waste and soil were proved to be not hazardous. The total content of heavy metal in the separated waste and soil met standard of California State, USA. Therefore the separated waste may be relandfilled at a sanitary landfill site and/or burned up at an incinerator, and the separated old soil may be used ad landfill cover-soil at a sanitary landfill site. Water quality of two streams was grade IV, of which water could be used as industrial and agricultural water. The streams near the landfill site might not be contaminated by leachate from the old landfill site. It was estimated that organic matter in the old landfill site would not be actively biodegraded within a short period of time.